Democracy in England
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Transcript of Democracy in England
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DEMOCRACY IN ENGLAND
Britain develops laws and customs that limit the power of the government
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WHY ARE WE STUDYING THIS MR. PERRY?
Many of the common legal protections we have in THIS country were developed in England first!
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ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
common law
Magna Carta
due process of law
habeas corpus
Parliament
divine right
Constitutional Monarchy !3
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King Kalakaua
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King James!5
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William the Conquerer
William of Normandy conquers Britain
Sets the stage for:
- Decline of Feudalism - Centralized Government in England
- Plants the seeds of Democracy
Battle of Hastings 1066!6
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Henry II (1133-1189) introduces the
jury trial as a means of
administering justice
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Royal Judge hears testimony from 12 witnesses and peers (jury) of the accused to help him judge the case.
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A body of law develops known as
Common Law
Reflects customs and principles
developed over time (aka “precedent”)
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In 1215 a dispute between The King and his
Nobles lead to the Magna Carta “great charter”
A written document that guarantees specific
political rights.
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King John I
King must rule according to law
Fairness of the laws and their execution
Have the law work in a known and orderly way
(“due process”)
Respect for economic rights!14
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habeas corpus = “show me the body”
People must be informed of what they are accused of in a court of law and be shown evidence used against them
Prevents authorities from detaining a person wrongly or unjustly!15
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British Parliament *** taxes law
advises the king
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British Parliament today
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US House of Representatives
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James I (1566-1625) claims
Divine Right
Clashes with Parliament
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Tensions rise with Charles I (1625)
Asks parliament for money. In exchange, parliament requires
the Petition of Right which restricts...
- taxation without parliament's ok
- illegal imprisonment
- housing troops in private homes
- maintaining military government in peacetime
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Charles later dissolves Parliament and refuses to let them meet until
he needs money.
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English Civil War
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Oliver Cromwell aka the puritan “Protectorate”
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Cromwell’s government collapses
Monarchy is “restored” with Charles II in 1660
This time Parliament retains its rights and authority
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Parliament is concerned that James II is “too Catholic”
He is removed and replaced with William and Mary
who agree to a Constitutional Monarchy
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Constitutional Monarchy
powers of the rulers are limited by Parliament
William and Mary agree to accept the Bill of Rights
King can’t suspend laws no taxes w/o Parliament consent
no armies in peacetime right to petition grievances
no cruel or unusual punishments