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DEMOCRACY & PSMHOW A NATION’S DEMOCRATIC HEALTH RELATES TO THE STRENGTH OF ITS PUBLIC SERVICE MEDIA

MEDIA INTELLIGENCE SERVICESEPTEMBER 2019

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Page

CONTENTS

State of democracy

Political participation

Political stability

Control of corruption

Satisfaction with democracy

Press freedom

DEMOCRACY & PSM

Concept & methodology

Indicators and sources

Country codes

9

13

17

21

25

30

6

7

8

ABOUT THIS REPORT

KEY FINDINGS

METHODOLOGY & DEFINITIONS

3

4

3

ABOUT THIS REPORT

A free and independent media is the cornerstone for a healthy and thriving democracy. However, recent political upheavals across Europe, paired with increasing threats of misleading or disinformation – not only during elections – generates insecurity among citizens and has a negative impact on their levels of trust in media and institutions.

For many Europeans, public service media (PSM) are the place to go for trustworthy and reliable information. At the same time, the state of democracy and political stability is challenged in more and more markets. To what extent does a nation’s democratic health relate to the strength of its public service media? And can this be supported by numbers?

Three years after the first PSM Correlations report, these questions still remain of highest importance. It is thus about time to reinforce the key arguments as to why PSM still matters and to demonstrate again how a well-funded and strong PSM contributes to the well-being of societies. With increasing levels of societal polarization across Europe, it is essential to see the interplay of political and media institutions in a bigger context. The PSM Correlations project has thus evolved over the past years, and now focuses on the backbone of strong and prosperous societies: democracy.

EBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM

The report draws on a number of internationally established and widely used political indicators to find links between countries’ ranks on these indices and the status of their PSM organizations. The data demonstrate that there is a close relationship between a country’s political well-being, and the performance of its PSM. The report aims to inspire EBU Members in crafting narratives and messages to advance the cause of PSM. Moreover, the cross-country analysis also allows for comparison across different national markets.

The research was done using data mostly from 2018 and 2019, and in some cases from earlier years, due to availability issues. Apart from the EBU-MIS in-house data collected via the annual Media Intelligence Survey, a number of external data sources were used, listed on the following pages together with their publishers.

https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/members_only/psm/EBU-MIS%20-%20PSM%20Correlations.pdf

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KEY FINDINGS


STRONG AND WELL-FUNDED PSM

GO HAND IN HAND WITH

A NATION’S DEMOCRATIC HEALTH

• High PSM TV market shares• High PSM radio market shares• High PSM funding per capita• Perceived political independence

of PSM

• Higher democratic standards• More political participation• More political stability• Higher control of corruption• More satisfaction with democracy• More press freedom

PSM

CHARACTERIZED BY… CHARACTERIZED BY…

PSM

5

METHODOLOGY & DEFINITIONS

6

CONCEPT & METHODOLOGY

CHOOSING RELEVANT INDICATORS

To demonstrate a relationship between PSM and democracy, the following indicators for both areas were identified:

A description of the indicators and their sources can be found on page 7.

REGIONAL INDEX

The Regional Index represents an aggregate (=sum) of the correlated indicators by geographical region, normalized to a scale from 0 – 1. This ranking allows for comparisons between regions, with higher values implying higher performances on both dimensions.


PSM

• PSM TV market share• PSM radio market share• PSM funding per capita• Perceived political

pressure on PSM

DEMOCRACY

• Democracy Index• Political participation• Political stability• Control of corruption• Satisfaction with

democracy• Press freedom

CORRELATION ≠ CAUSATIONA correlation only implies that two things tend to go

together, but not that one causes the other

TESTING CORRELATIONS

After compiling datasets, correlation analysis tests were run with Excel’s Data Analysis tool, to determine the strength of the correlation and its level of significance.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)• A measure of the linear correlation between two variables• Gives a value between +1 and −1: A coefficient of +1

indicates a perfect positive correlation, 0 indicates no correlation at all, −1 a perfect negative correlation

• Moderate correlation: 0.4 to 0.6 or -0.4 to -0.6• Strong correlation: 0.6 to 1 or -0.6 to -1

Level of significance (p-value)• Is the correlation statistically significant or is it only by

chance?• If p-value <0.05 the correlation is statistically significant:

increases or decreases in one variable significantly relate to increases or decreases in the second variable

• All correlations shown in this report are statistically significant with p-values <0.05

7

PSM INDICATORS

EBU Members’ data by EBU’s Media Intelligence Service (MIS)Data collected among EBU Members via the annual Media Intelligence Survey, providing in-depth information about the performance of PSM across Europe. Indicators used in this report:PSM market shares for TVPSM market shares for radio PSM funding per capita.

Perceived political pressure on PSM by Eurobarometer 90 (European Commission)A public opinion survey covering 33 European countries. It gives an idea of citizens’ perception on a variety of topics. This indicator is based on agreement with the statement: National public service media are free from political pressure.http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/S2215_90_3_STD90_ENG

DEMOCRACY INDICATORS

Democracy Index and Political Participation by The EconomistA ranking of 165 countries regarding their state of democracy on a scale of 0-10. The Index is based on a combination of expert assessments and public-opinion surveys. One dimension of the Index is political participation, which rates the level of citizens’ engagement in political affairs (voter turn-out, party memberships, participation in demonstrations, etc.). https://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index

INDICATORS & SOURCES

Political Stability and Control of Corruption by the WorldbankTwo dimensions, which are part of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), evaluating the state of governance in more than 200 countries. Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption.http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home

Freedom of the Press Index by Reporters without BordersAn annual ranking of 180 countries regarding the freedom available to journalists, based on a questionnaire among experts. The Index ranges from 1-100: the higher the score, the less press freedom. For this report, the index was inverted in order to match higher scores to higher press freedom levels. https://rsf.org/en/ranking

Satisfaction with democracy by Eurobarometer 90 (European Commission)A public opinion survey covering 33 European countries. It gives an idea of citizens’ perception on a variety of topics. This indicator is based on the question: On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works in your country?http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/S2215_90_3_STD90_ENG


https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/members_only/datasets/EBU-MIS-DATASET_2019-2_TV_Audience.xlsx

https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/members_only/datasets/EBU-MIS-DATASET_2019-4_Radio_Audience.xlsx

https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/members_only/datasets/EBU-MIS-DATASET_2019-7_Income_and_Expenditure.xlsx

http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/S2215_90_3_STD90_ENG

https://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home

https://rsf.org/en/ranking

http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/S2215_90_3_STD90_ENG

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COUNTRY CODES AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS

BIG 5

France

Germany

Italy

Spain

United Kingdom

NORDICS

Denmark

Finland

Iceland

Norway

Sweden

CEE

Armenia

Belarus

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

FR

DE

IT

ES

GB

DK

FI

IS

NO

SE

AM

BY

BA

BG

HR

CZ

Estonia

Georgia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

North Macedonia

Moldova

Poland

Romania

Russian Federation

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ukraine

REST OF EU + CH

Austria

Belgium

Belgium (Flemish)

Belgium (French)

Cyprus

EE

GE

HU

LV

LT

MK

MD

PL

RO

RU

RS

SK

SI

UA

AT

BE

BE (FL)

BE (FR)

CY

Greece

Ireland

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Portugal

Switzerland

Switzerland (French)

Switzerland (German)

Switzerland (Italian)

MENA

Algeria

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Tunisia

Turkey

GR

IE

LU

MT

NL

PT

CH

CH (FR)

CH (DE)

CH (IT)

DZ

IL

JO

LB

MA

TN

TR


9

STATE OF DEMOCRACYCountries with high PSM TV and radio market shares and high PSM funding per capita tend to rank higher in the democracy index. Similarly, lower PSM market shares or less funding per capita means a lower level of democracy in a country. This relationship implies that a strong and well-funded PSM is a sign of healthy democratic societies.

10

PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. DEMOCRACY INDEX

DZ

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CYCZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

GE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

ILIT

JO

LV

LB

LT

MK MD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SKSI

ES

SE

CH (FR)CH (DE)

CH (IT)

TN

TR

UA

GB

Lo

wH

igh

Dem

ocr

acy

Ind

ex

Low HighPSM TV market share (2018)

Source: EBU Members’ data, The EconomistEBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM

PUBLIC TV TENDS TO BE

MOST WATCHED IN COUNTRIES

WITH A STRONG DEMOCRACY

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X

The Regional Index represents a normalized aggregate of the correlated indicators on a scale from 0 – 1.

10

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

STRONG CORRELATIONCorrelation coefficient: 0.64

0.47.360.310.190.13

11

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. DEMOCRACY INDEX

ATBE (FL)BE (FR)

BG

CYCZ

DK

EE

FI

FR DE

HU

ISIE

IL

IT LVLT

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SKSI

ES

SECH (DE)

CH (FR) CH (IT)

TR

UA

GB

Lo

wH

igh

Dem

ocr

acy

Ind

ex

Low HighPSM radio market share (2018)


STRONG DEMOCRACIES TEND TO HAVE HIGHER PUBLIC RADIO SHARES


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.660.48.36.290.26

12

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. DEMOCRACY INDEX

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CYCZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

MKGE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

ILITLV

LT

LU

MD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RORS

SK

SI

ES

SE

CH

TR

UA

GB

Lo

wH

igh

Dem

ocr

acy

Ind

ex

Low HighPSM funding per capita (2017)


STRONG DEMOCRACIES

TEND TO INVEST MORE

IN THEIR NATIONAL PSM


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.66.450.40.130.09

13

POLITICAL PARTICIPATIONIn countries with high PSM TV and radio market shares and high PSM funding per capita, political participation tends to be higher. A moderate correlation between these indicators implies that there is a link between citizens’ democratic participation and the strength of the national PSM, but that there are also other factors influencing this relationship.

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PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al p

arti

cip

atio

n



A NATION’S STRONG PUBLIC

TV TENDS TO INDICATE MORE

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

DZ

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CY CZ

DK

EE

FIFR

GE

DE

GR

HU

IS

IEIL

IT

JO

LV

LB

LT

MK

MD

MA

NL

NO

PLPT

RO

RU

RSSK

SI

ESSE

CH (FR) CH (DE)CH (IT)

TN

TR

UA

GB

MODERATE CORRELATIONCorrelation coefficient: 0.52

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.47.360.29.180.14

15

AT

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BGCY CZ

DK

EE

FIFR

DE

HU

IS

IE

IL

IT

LVLT

MA

NL

NO

PLPT

RORU

RS SK

SI

ES

SE

CH (DE)

CH (FR) CH (IT)

TR

UA

GB

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al p

arti

cip

atio

n



THE BIGGER A NATION’S

PUBLIC RADIO AUDIENCE,

THE HIGHER THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATIONMODERATE CORRELATION

Correlation coefficient: 0.48

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.660.47.36.290.25

16

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL) BE (FR)BA

BG

HR

CYCZ

DK

EE

FIFR

MKGE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

IL

IT

LVLT

LU

MD

MA

NL

NO

PLPT

RO

RSSK

SI

ES

SE

CH

TR

UA

GB

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al p

arti

cip

atio

n



A WELL-FUNDED PSM

GOES TOGETHER WITH HIGH POLITICAL

PARTICIPATIONSTRONG CORRELATIONCorrelation coefficient: 0.66

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.65.450.40.130.09

17

POLITICAL STABILITYHigher PSM TV and radio market shares and higher PSM funding per capita go together with higher political stability and an absence of violence in a country. As political stability forms the basis for a healthy democratic system, a strong and well-established PSM indicates an important precondition.

18

DZ

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HRCY

CZDK

EE

FI

FR

GE

DE

GR

HU

IS

IE

IL

IT

JO

LV

LB

LT

MKMD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SKSI

ES

SE

CH (FR)CH (DE)CH (IT)

TN

TRUA

GB

PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. POLITICAL STABILITY

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al s

tab

ility


POLITICAL STABILITY IS HIGHER IN

COUNTRIES THAT WATCH MORE PUBLIC

TVSTRONG CORRELATIONCorrelation coefficient: 0.69

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

Source: EBU Members’ data, WorldbankEBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.64.510.450.330.13

19

AT

BE (FL)BE (FR)BG

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

HU

IS

IE

IL

IT

LV

LT

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SKSI

ES

SE

CH (DE)

CH (FR) CH (IT)

TRUA

GB

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. POLITICAL STABILITY

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al s

tab

ility


A NATION’S STRONG PUBLIC

RADIO TENDS TO INDICATE POLITICAL STABILITY


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA


10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.750.63.450.410.22

20

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL) BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

MKGE

DE

GR

HU

IS

IE

IL

IT

LV

LT

LU

MD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO RS

SK

SI

ES

SE

CH

TRUA

GB

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. POLITICAL STABILITY

Lo

wH

igh

Po

litic

al s

tab

ility

Low High

COUNTRIES THAT INVEST

MORE IN THEIR NATIONAL PSM

ARE POLITICALLY MORE STABLE


PSM funding per capita (2017)


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.72.520.490.260.10

21

CONTROL OF CORRUPTIONIn countries with high PSM TV and radio market shares and high PSM funding per capita there is a higher control of corruption. A strong positive correlation with all three indicators implies that a cherished PSM is more prevalent in fair and well-governed democratic societies.

22

DZAM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

GE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

IL

ITJO

LV

LB

LT

MK

MD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SK

SI

ES

SECH (FR) CH (DE)

CH (IT)

TN

TR

UA

GB

PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. CONTROL OF CORRUPTION

Lo

wH

igh

Co

ntr

ol o

f co

rru

pti

on


COUNTRIES WITH HIGHER

PSM TV MARKET SHARES TEND

TO BE LESS CORRUPT


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA


10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.70

0.56

0.56.340.29

23

ATBE (FL)

BE (FR)

BG

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR DE

HU

ISIE

IL

IT

LVLT

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SK

SI

ES

SECH (DE)CH (FR)CH (IT)

TR

UA

GB

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. CONTROL OF CORRUPTION

Lo

wH

igh

Co

ntr

ol o

f co

rru

pti

on


HIGHER PSM RADIO

AUDIENCES INDICATE A

HIGHER CONTROL OF CORRUPTIONSTRONG CORRELATION

Correlation coefficient: 0.71

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA


10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.800.680.56.430.40

24

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)

BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CYCZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

MK

GE

DE

GRHU

ISIE

IL

IT

LVLT

LU

MD

MA

NL

NO

PL

PT

RO

RS

SK

SI

ES

SECH

TR

UA

GB

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. CONTROL OF CORRUPTION

Lo

wH

igh

Co

ntr

ol o

f co

rru

pti

on


COUNTRIES WITH A

WELL-FUNDED PSM TEND TO HAVE LOWER

RISKS OF CORRUPTION



BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.77

0.58

0.57

0.27

0.26

25

SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACYIn countries with higher PSM TV and radio market shares, higher PSM funding per capita and a perceived political independence of PSM, citizens’ satisfaction with democracy is higher. A strong position of a nation’s PSM is thus closely linked to its citizens’ state of well-being.

26

AT

BEBE

BGHR

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

GR

HU

IE

IT

LV

LT

NL

PLPT

RO

SKSIES

SE

GB

PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

Lo

wH

igh

Sat

isfa

ctio

n w

ith

d

emo

crac

y


SATISFACTION WITH

DEMOCRACY TENDS TO BE

HIGHER IN COUNTRIES

WITH STRONG PUBLIC TV

Source: EBU Members’ data, Eurobarometer 90EBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.39.31.240.18

27

AT

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BG

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

HU

IE

IT

LV

LT

NL

PLPT

RO

SKSI

ES

SE

GB

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

Lo

wH

igh

Sat

isfa

ctio

n w

ith

d

emo

crac

y


HIGHER PSM RADIO SHARES

TEND TO INDICATE MORE SATISFACTION

WITH DEMOCRACY



BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.67.38.320.26

28

AT

BE (FL) BE (FR)

BG

HR

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

GR

HU

IE

IT

LV

LT

LU NL

PL PT

RO

SKSI

ES

SE

GB

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

Lo

wH

igh

Sat

isfa

ctio

n w

ith

d

emo

crac

y


A COUNTRY’S WELL-FUNDED PSM TENDS TO

GO HAND IN HAND WITH CITIZENS’

SATISFACTION WITH

DEMOCRACY



BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DIC

ATO

R

10


0.780.640.460.22

29

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

GR

ES

FR

HR

ITCY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NLAT

PLPT

ROSI

SK

FISE

GB

PERCEIVED POLITICAL PRESSURE ON PSM vs. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

Lo

wH

igh

Sat

isfa

ctio

n w

ith

d

emo

crac

y

Low HighPerceived political pressure on national PSM

CITIZENS WHO ARE SATISFIED

WITH THEIR DEMOCRACIES

ALSO PERCEIVE THEIR

NATIONAL PSM TO BE MORE

INDEPENDENT

Source: Eurobarometer 90EBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.700.53

0.44

0.43

30

PRESSFREEDOMHigher PSM TV and radio market shares, higher PSM funding per capita and a perceived political independence of PSM strongly correlates with higher levels of press freedom in a country. As free and independent media are key for a healthy democracy, a well-funded PSM that is valued by citizens can make a positive contribution.

31

DZ

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL)BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

GE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

IL

IT

JO

LV

LB

LT

MKMD

MA

NL NO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SK SIES

SECH (FR)

CH (DE)CH (IT)

TN

TR

UA

GB

PSM TV MARKET SHARE vs. PRESS FREEDOM


Source: EBU Members’ data, World Press Freedom Index 2019 (Reporters Without Borders)EBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM

PRESS FREEDOM

TENDS TO BE HIGHER IN

COUNTRIES WITH A STRONG

PUBLIC TV MODERATE CORRELATIONCorrelation coefficient: 0.57

BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

Lo

wH

igh

Pre

ss f

reed

om

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.66

0.55

0.55.420.35

32

ATBE (FL)

BE (FR)

BG

CY

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

HU

ISIE

IL

IT

LVLT

MA

NLNO

PL

PT

RO

RU

RS

SKSI

ES

SECH (DE)

CH (FR) CH (IT)

TR

UA

GB

PSM RADIO MARKET SHARE vs. PRESS FREEDOM

Lo

wH

igh

Pre

ss f

reed

om


A NATION’S STRONG PSM RADIO SHARE

INDICATES HIGHER LEVELS

OF PRESS FREEDOM



BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.770.66.55.470.42

33

AM

AT

BY

BE (FL) BE (FR)

BA

BG

HR

CY

CZ

DKEE

FI

FRMK

GE

DE

GR

HU

ISIE

IL

IT

LV

LT

LU

MD

MA

NL NO

PL

PT

RO

RS

SKSIES

SE

CH

TR

UA

GB

PSM FUNDING PER CAPITA vs. PRESS FREEDOM


COUNTRIES WITH A HIGH

PRESS FREEDOM TEND TO

FUND THEIR NATIONAL PSM

MORE


Lo

wH

igh

Pre

ss f

reed

om


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

MENA

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.74

0.56

0.550.330.26

34

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

GR

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LULV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SISK

GB

PERCEIVED POLITICAL PRESSURE ON PSM vs. PRESS FREEDOM

Disagree AgreeNational PSM are free from political pressure

PSM ARE PERCEIVED AS

MORE INDEPENDENT IN COUNTRIES

WITH MORE PRESS

FREEDOM

Source: Eurobarometer 90, World Press Freedom Index 2019 (Reporters Without Borders)EBU Media Intelligence Service – Democracy & PSM

Lo

wH

igh

Pre

ss f

reed

om


BIG 5NORDICS

CEEREST OF EU + CH

10

RE

GIO

NA

LIN

DE

X


0.74.60

0.57

0.56

35

PSM CONTRIBUTION TO DEMOCRACY

A reflection on the democratic value of news and why public service media matters in this regard. Drawing on insights from the latest academic scholarship, this research produces compelling evidence of the democratic value PSM news deliver and serves as a valuable piece for the debate around a core function of PSM.

Download the full report here.

WHAT SHOULD I READ NEXT?

Visit www.ebu.ch/mis for more Media Intelligence publications.


https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/login_only/c2s/EBU-MIS_PSM-Contribution-to-Democracy_2018.pdf

https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/login_only/c2s/EBU-MIS_PSM-Contribution-to-Democracy_2018.pdf

http://www.ebu.ch/mis

DISTRIBUTION / CONFIDENTIALITY

This publication is for the exclusive internal use of EBU Members.

The information contained in this document is confidential and only for your internal use.

For detailed guidelines about how you may use this document and the data contained in it, please refer to our EBU-MIS Data Use Policy (available at www.ebu.ch/mis).

If you have any doubt about how to use this information, please contact the Media Intelligence Service ([email protected]).

DISCLAIMER:

Please note that the EBU is not liable for any errors or inaccuracies in data provided by third parties.

Photo credits:

Chris Slupski, Unsplash

This report is published by the European Broadcasting Union’s Media Intelligence Service (MIS).

MIS provides Member broadcasting organizations with the latest market data, research and analysis needed to plan their future strategies and stay ahead of the game.

Our experts cover a broad range of topics, including TV and radio trends, new media developments, marketstructure and concentration, fundingand public policy issues.

[email protected]

PUBLICATION

Produced by:Carina [email protected]

September 2019

Ver.1

This publication is available for EBU Members to download at www.ebu.ch/mis

MEDIA INTELLIGENCE SERVICE


https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/files/Publications/MIS/open/EBU-MIS%20-%20Data%20Use%20Policy.pdf

http://www.ebu.ch/mis

mailto:[email protected]



https://www.ebu.ch/media-intelligence

Democracy & PSM - Periodismo Global: la otra mirada

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