DEMO R&D needs
description
Transcript of DEMO R&D needs
DEMO R&D needs
M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E Working Group on DEMO:
P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski, D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla,
D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm
13.04-2011 1Fusion Workshop
Plan
• Introduction: The international strategy towards the realisation of fusion
• The role of DEMO• Physics issues• Technology issues• IFMIF• BA and DEMO• Conclusion: some personal views
13.04-2011 2Fusion Workshop
DEMO and the road map towards the realisation of fusion
• “Fast track”: combination of Demo and Proto
13.04-2011 3Fusion Workshop
Fusion Workshop 4
DEMO presented at Villamoura IAEA conference (2004)
y e a r 0
2 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 3 5 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 5
2 5 3 0 3 5 4 05 1 0 1 5 2 0
m a t e r i a ls te s t s
u p g r a d e ,
c o n s t r u c t
o p e r a t e
T o d a y s e x p t s .,
s a t e l l i te to k a m a k s
d e s i g n & c o n s t r u c t
m u l t i - b e a m
fa c i l i t y , e tc .
I T E R
I F M I F
d e s i g n & l i c e n s i n g c o n s t r u c ti o n D - D o p e r a t io n D - T o p e r a t io nC T F
c o m p o n e n t
o p t i m i s a t i o n
m a te r i a l s
o p t i m i s a t i o n
o p e r a ti o n : p r i o r i ty m a te r ia l sc o n s tr u c t i o nE V E D A
( d e s i g n )
o t h e r m a t e r i a ls t e s t i n g
s i n g l e
b e a m
c o n s tr u c ti o n
H & D o p e r a t i o n
l o w - d u t y D -T
o p e ra t i o n
h i g h - d u ty D - T
o p e r a t i o n
T B M : c h e c k o u t a n d
c h a ra c t e ri s a t i o n
T B M p e r f o rm a n c e te s t s &
p o s t -e x p o s u r e t e s ts
s e c o n d D - T o p e r a ti o n p h a s e
t e c h n o l o g y i s s u e s ( e .g . p l a s m a -
s u rf a c e i n t e r a c t i o n s )
p l a s m a p e rf o r m a n c e
c o n f i r m a t i o n
s e l e c t i o n o f b e s t
c a n d i d a t e m a te ri a l s
m o d e l v a l i d a t i o n : i m p r o v e d
u n d e r s ta n d i n g o f m a t e r i a l s
b e h a v i o u r
c o n c e p t u a l d e s i g n e n g i n e e r i n g d e s ig n
c o n s t r u c t io n
b l a n k e t
c o n s t r u c t i o n
o p e r a t io n
b l a n k e t d e s i g n & p r o to ty p i n g
D E M O ( s )
e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n
c o n s t r u c ti o n o p e r a t ec o n c e p tu a l d e s i g n
l ic e n s i n g
C o m m e r c i a l
P o w e r p la n t s
d e s i g n
c o n f i rm a t i o n
b l a n k e t
o p t i m i s a t i o n
l i c e n s i n g l i c e n s i n gp l a s m a
c o n f i r m a t i o n
m a t e r i a l s
o p t i m i s a t i o n
p l a s m a
o p t i m i s a t i o n
l i c e n s i n g
m o b i l i s -
a t i o n
p l a s m a
i s s u e s
b l a n k e t
c o n f i rm a t i o n
m a te ri a l s
c h a ra c t e r i s a t i o n
Possible Sequence of Existing, Pillar and Buttress Devices in the ‘Variant’ Fast TrackProgramme [Cook et al.]13.04-2011
Comparison between a few scenarios EFDA STAC report 2007
13.04-2011 5Fusion Workshop
- 6 -Definition of DEMODefinition of DEMO
2040s 2040s
CFPPCFPP2030s 2030s
DEMODEMO
2007 -2007 -
KSTAKSTA
RR
2015 -2015 -
ITERITER- Commercial usageCommercial usage- Reliable & economicReliable & economic
- D-T burning plasmaD-T burning plasma- 500 MW, Q~10500 MW, Q~10- Test blanket Test blanket module module - Fusion technologyFusion technology
- Large-scale power Large-scale power generation generation- Economical viability(?) Economical viability(?) - Fusion power plant Fusion power plant design and operation design and operation technology technology
??M. Kwon et al. ISFNT 2007
13.04-2011 6Fusion Workshop
Korea
Fusion Workshop 7
Energy needs &Indian Fusion Road Map
ADITYA Tokamak
1986Steady State Physics and
related technologies
SST-1 2004
scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy
ITER Participation 2005
• Qualification of Technologies• Qualification of reactor
components & Process
DEMO 2037
Indigenous Fusion Experiment
SST-2 2022
Fusion Power Reactor
Power Plant 2050
R. B. Grover et al., Energy Policy (2006) 2834
S. P. Deshpande et al. ISFNT 200713.04-2011
India
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 8
USA
EU-Ja Broader Approach• EU and Japan are joining competencies in the
frame of the Broader Approach towards DEMO
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 20352005
ITER ConstructionExtended OperationBasic Operation
Blanket Test
Blanket Development
Decomm.
Blanket and Technology Development IFMIF Design Construct. Fusion Materials Test and Optimisation
Design Concept Studies Construction OperationDEMO
Commercial Power Plant Development
TODAY’sEXPTs.
TECH. R&D
Physics Programme in Current Facilities
(JET, DIIID, JT-60, Other Facilities)
913.04-2011 Fusion Workshop
DEMO concepts
• DEMO should be based on the tokamak concept
• Stellarator should require at least one intermediate step following the W7-X class of device
• The Group recommends to pursue an active stellarator programme in view of the intrinsic advantages of the stellarator concept
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 10
The roles of DEMO (1)
• DEMO should be able to deliver to the grid significant net electricity power (several hundreds of MW) in steady state during an extended period of time (to be defined during the operation schedule).
• Steady state electricity production even with a long pulse plasma (10 hours) with a short dwell time (15 minutes) is possible with energy storage, which is not a cost driver.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 11
The roles of DEMO (2)
• Qualification of key components for a fusion power plant
• A list of physics and technology issues were identified
• It is important to mention that an integrated design is needed and both physics (plasma scenarios) and technology must be included, so that constraints from both fields be taken into account and accommodated
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 12
What could be a DEMO workplan?
• Details could be found in the report of the Group
• The EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology Annex of the Implementing Agreement makes use of the recommendations of the report.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 13
Physics issues
• Steady state operation at high bootstrap fraction, MHD limits, ITB formation…
• Operation at high density (above the Greenwald limit)
• Power exhaust linked to the power handling capability of PFC and first wall
• Disruptions• Control: issue of diagnostics sensors and
actuators (H&CD, fuelling)
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 14
Technology (1)
• Beyond ITER, there are still several major technology issues to be addressed and solved for DEMO:
o Enabling technologies o Material characterisationo Nuclear and engineering lifetime performance
of in vessel components , especially breeding blankets (T self sufficiency) and divertor/PFC
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 15
Technology (2)
• Overarching considerations: Maintenance (including issues of remote handling), availability, and efficiency.
• The fields of R&D :H&CD technology, In vessel components, Tritium handling system and Fuel cycle, Diagnostics and Control, Remote Handling, Superconducting magnets, Materials, Power plant and General issue about availability and efficiency.
•
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 16
Technology (2)
• Divertor and maintenance deserve the highest priority attention in future R&D programmes, since they will be crucial for the success of DEMO and of the realisation of fusion.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 17
DEMO and IFMIF• The need for IFMIF (versus other spallation
sources) (Cf. Talk by A. Moeslang tomorrow):
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 18Ref. E. Pritcher, Fusion Material Irradiation at the Materila Test Station, LA-Ur-07-6217
Issue of transmutation caused by the neutrons in this part of the spectrum?
DEMO and IFMIF• IFMIF is part of the programme which includes
DEMO device.• IFMIF main milestones: June 2015: Start of experiments on the
accelerator prototype; June 2017: End of studies in the frame of BA.• In the present financial planning (until the end
of ITER construction), IFMIF construction is not within the budget of 6.6 b€ of F4E.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 19
BA activities• It is agreed between EU and Japan that during
the next phase of the DEMO Joint Work, will be subdivided into 3 Phases: Phase-2a includes the definition of DEMO technical requirements (~3 years), Phase-2b the analysis of possible engineering choice (~2 years), and Phase-2c the Conceptual Design Activities (CDA) of one or two (or three) possible DEMO concepts
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 20
Some personal views as conclusion (1)
• We need to converge on a DEMO concept with the ultimate goal to achieve as early as possible a power plant :
1. Early DEMO : how early is early? Will it really help us move faster to a power plant? Pros and cons, risk assessment.
2. Steady state plasma versus 10 h type of plasma with energy storage (to have a steady state electricity production).
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 21
Some personal views as conclusion (2)
• A realistic roadmap for DEMO and an indicative one for a power plant should then be drawn. This vision would be helpful for the relation with industry.
• A critical assessment (including priorities) of the R&D requirements should be made after a concept review and choice is performed. These requirements should be translated in the Accompanying Programme.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 22
Some personal views as conclusion (3)
• A team (physicist, engineer and industry) should be formed to perform pre-conceptual study of DEMO.
• Issues must be solved by the 3 communities: no «Someone else problem» or worst «Let the other community solved our problem» attitude.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 23
Some personal views as conclusion (4)
• While it is generally agreed that industry should be involved, theindustrial strategy, instruments and related funding are still to be defined.
• RAMI must be accounted for from the start in the programme: the community is still lacking data on reliability and availabilty of many of the components.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 24
Some personal views as conclusion (5)
• Availability of electricity production will be a key issue when DEMO will be connected to the grid
13.04-2011
Fusion Workshop
25
The goal of DEMO availability when connected to the grid (horizontal scale = time, arbitrary and non linear, vertical axis: electricity production)
(Actual availability during one year of 1 GWe NPP)
Planned shut down
Fusion Workshop
Some personal views as conclusion (6)
• Human resources (and, related to it, a clear funding situation for DEMO) will be a key issue to be able to start and sustain a vibrant DEMO programme: we cannot and should not have a stop and go programme.
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 26
Thank you for your attention
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 27
Additional material from the report
13.04-2011 Fusion Workshop 28
13.04-2011 29Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 30Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 31Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 32Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 33Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 34Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 35Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 36Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 37Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 38Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 39Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 40Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 41Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 42Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 43Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 44Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 45Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 46Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 47Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011 48Fusion Workshop