Demand for bus and Rail

Analyzing a corridor with a similar Level Of Service

5th Israeli-British/Irish Workshop in Regional ScienceApril, 2007

The Question

Does the higher demand for Rail transit compares to Bus transit is a result of differences in Level Of Service variables or of the Passenger attitude toward the transit technology?

The problem

Lack of transit corridors where both transit modes are operated in a similar level of service.

Presentation Outline

Description of the selected corridor Description of transit Level Of Sercive in the

selected corridor Transit mode split in the selected corridor Passengers survey conducted in the selected

corridor Survey results and conclusions

The corridor – Haifa – Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv metropolitan area : North section

Maximum distance between modes is less than 2 km

תחנת רכבת ת''אההגנה

תחנת רכבתהאוניברסיטה

תחנת רכבת ת''אמרכז סבידור

תחנת רכבת הרצליה

תל אביב יפו

תחנת רכבתארלוזורוב

מסוף 2000

שלום

מע"ר

תחנהית מרכז

איינשטיין

מכללת לוינסקי

סמינר הקיבוצים

יהודה המכבי

מחלף הרצליה

מחלף הסירה

רב מכר

הרצליה

רמת השרון

בני ברק

רמת גן

קרית אונו

תחנת רכבת חוףהכרמל

תחנת רכבת קיסריהפרדס חנה

תחנת רכבת עתלית

תחנת רכבת נתניה

תחנת רכבת חדרהמערב

תחנת רכבתבנימינה

תחנת רכבת ביתיהושע

חיפה

נתניה

חוף כרמל

עתלית

מחלף אולגהחדרה

מחלף נתניה

וינגייט מכון

The corridor – Stations and route

Similar service areas for both transit modes

Rail: Serves exclusively the Binyamina area

Bus: A broader alighting service in Tel Aviv

Heavy Rail Distance (km) BusHaifa 0.10 HaifaAtlit 1.80 AtlitBinyaminaQuesariyaolga-Hadera 1.05 OlgaNatanya 0.50 NatanyaNatanya (Beit Yehos.) 2.25 Natanya (Vingate)

HerzeliyaHerzeliya 1.00 Hasira

Rav MecherGlilot (Kantri)

T.A University 1.20 Ramat Aviv HotelYahuda Hamakabi

T.A Central 0.37 ArlosoroffT.A Hashalom 0.22 Hashalom

CBDT.A Hahagana 0.55 CBS

Heavy Rail Saburban serviceAlighting Only

Level of service – Survey Limitations

Congestion at sections of Bus route between 7-9 am

Straight rail service was not taken into account

Daily Departures Travel Cost (in INS)

Similar travel cost

Similar number of departures, rail frequency is a bit higher in Rush hours

Level of service – Cost and Headway

05

1015

202530

3540

4550

One w ay Tw ow ays

One w ay+Local

Elderly Child 5-10

Student

Tra

vel C

ost

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Daily After 9 am

Dep

artu

res

RailBus

Travel time comparison*

*Rail – Taken from timetable

*Bus – Time taken on vehicle

In vehicle travel time difference is no more than12 min

RailBus

0102030405060708090

Haifa

Atlit

Binya

mina

olga

-Hade

ra

Natan

ia

Hasira

Unive

rsity

Arloso

roff

Hasha

lom CBD

CBS-Hah

agana

Level of service – In vehicle travel time

BusRail

Privacy advantageWider seats and

tables

Level of service – Comfort

Mode split – Rail and Bus

92%

8%

רכבת

אוטובוס

Source: Israel railways counts at Hof Hakarmel st., Survey counts on Buses

RailBus

The survey – Rationality

Comparison between travel habits in two transit modes which supply similar level of service

Conducted at the intermodal station in Hof Hakarmel between 9-15 Bus: At the waiting area Rail: At the platform

Questionnaires were given for all waiting passengers (ap. 5 min needed to fill up the questionnaire)

Passengers that arrive in the last minutes are not included in the survey

Total collected: Rail: 101 questionnaires Bus: 107 questionnaires

The survey – Data collecting

3 parts:

1. Trip charasteristics

(13 questions)

2. Passenger characteristics

(12 questions)

3. Passengers Attitude

(5 questions)

5 4 3 2 1

חשוב לי לדעת במדויק מתי אגיע ליעדי

חשוב לי לנצל ביעילות את זמן הנסיעה

אני מוכן לשלם יותר כדי לקצר את זמן הנסיעה

חשובה לי הפרטיות בזמן הנסיעה

חשובה לי הנוחות בזמן הנסיעה חשוב לי לרדת בסמוך ליעד הנסיעה שלי

5 4 3 2 1

דיוק בהגעה ליעד הנסיעה ניצול יעיל של זמן הנסיעה

קיום פרטיות בזמן הנסיעה נוחות רבה בזמן הנסיעה ירידה בסמוך ליעד הנסיעה

ʸ ʷʱʤɹ ʩʧʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʡʭ ʩʱ ʥh–ʡʩʡʠ -ʬʺ

ʬʲ ʪʬʤʣʥh .ʯʥʩhʫʨʡʺ ʩʮʣ ʠʤʣʥʡʲ ʸ ʥʡʲ ʹ ʮʹ ʩʤʦyʷʱ5ʤʣʥ .ʪh ʮʦʮʺ ʥʣ

1. ʸ ʩ :ʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʲ ʢʤʯʫʩʤʮ____________________ʡʥʧʸ

2. ʣʁ ʩʫʲ ʢʤʺʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʥyʩ ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʣɦ ʥʡʥʨʥʠ .ʢʸ ʧʠʭ ʣʠʩ "ʲ ʤʁ ʴ ʷʤ .ʡʤhʧʺ ʡʤʩhʧʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ .ʠ :

ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʥʩʬʢʸ .ʤspecialʸ ʧʠ .ʦ

3. ʣ .ʡʠʬʬʬʫ .ʠ :ʤhʧʺ ʤʣʩʬʺ ʩʮʥʩʤʩʩhʧʸ ʥʡ ʲ ʭ ʬʹ ʬʪʺ ʥhʥʫʰ5.ʢˀ5-10 -ʮʸ ʺ ʥʩ .ʣˀ10ʧ "ʹ

4. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤʣ ʩʸ ʩ : ______________________ʸ ʥʦʠʥʠʡʥʧʸ

5. ʤʣʩyʩʰʧʺʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʤʯʮ__________

6. ʤʡʩʦʩʶ ʮʠʡʰʧʺʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠ .ʢʸ ʧʠʭ ʣʠʩ "ʲ ʳ ʥɦʩʠ .ʡʤhʧʺ ʤʣʩʬʤhʥʧʤʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ .ʠʤʣʩyʩʤ

ʺ ʩʬʢʸ .ʥʩhʥʮ .ʤ ʥyʩ ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʣ_________

7. ʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʲ ʢʤʯʫʩʤʮ: 1ʺ ʩʡʤʯʮ .2ʤʣʥʡʲ ʤʯʮ .3ʭ ʩʣʥʮʩʬʤʯʮ .4. ʺ ʥʩhʡ \ʩʥʬʩ 5. ʸ ʧʠ

8. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤr ʥɦʡ ʲ ʩʢʺ ʯʫʩʤʬ1ʤ ʩʡʤ .2ʤʣʥʡʲ ʬ .2ʭ ʩʣʥʮʩʬʬ .4ʩʥʬʩʡʺ ʥʩh .5ʸ ʧʠ .

9. .ʢʲ ʥʡʹ ʬʺ ʧʠ .ʡʺ ʥʥʧʸ ʭ ʩʩʬ .ʠʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʡʹ ʥʮʩ ʤ ʣʩʮʩʤʮ2-4ʲ ʥʡʹ ʡʭ ʩʮʲ ʴ

ʭ ʥʩʩʣʮ .ʣ

10. ʭ ʠʤʤʩʤʪʺ ʥy ʴ ʠʡʤ ʩɦ ʰʤ ʠʲ ʶ ʡʬʺ ʩʧʫʥhʤ _______ʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ ʡ

11. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤʤ ʶ ʥʡʠʬʲ ʥʣʮʺ ʩʧʫʥhʤʡʺ ʡʫʸ_____________________________

12. ʺ ʥʠʡʤ ʥʩʡʷʤʭ ʲ ʭ ʩʫʱ ʮʤ ʠʤʮʫʣ (1 ,ʬʬʫʭ ʩʫʱ ʮʠʬ -3ʺ ʩʬʧʤy ʥʁʡʭ ʩʫʱ ʮ -5-

(ʣʥʠʮʤʡʸ ʤʣʩʮʡʭ ʩʫʱ ʮ:

13. (ʭ ʩʠʡʤʭ ʩhʩʩɹʠʮʤʮʣʧʠʬʫʡʺ ʡʫʸ ʤʩhɹ ʬ ʲ ʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʳ ʩʣ ʤʣʩʮʥʦʩʠʡ1 ,ʳ ʩʣ ʠʬʬʬʫ -

3ʤʨʲ ʥʮʤʣʩʮʡʳ ʩʣ -5 :ʤʡʸ ʤʣʩʮʡʳ ʩʣ -

16_ -_______ʬʩʢ

17_ -_______ʯʩʮ

18_ ______ʺ ʩʡʤ ʹ ʮʡʺ ʥʴ ʰʸ ʴ ʱ ʮ

19_ ________ʺ ʩʡʤ ʹ ʮʡʭ ʩʡʫʸ ʸ ʴ ʱ ʮ

20_ ʤɦ ʰʫʤʺ ʩ ʣʥʧʺ ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮ -ʫʤhʩʤ (ʥʨʥyʡ( 7,500 .ʡ ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʯʮʤʫʥʮʰ .ʠ :ʪʺ ʱ ʰʫʤ .ʧ"ʹ

ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʬʲ ʮ .ʢʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʡʩʡʱ

The survey – The questionnaire

Results – Passenger characteristics

Number of vehicles per HouseholdIncome

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0 1 2 2+

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Lower Average Higher

RailBus

Rail passengers belong to a higher socioeconomic group compare to bus passengers

Access modeAvailability of private car

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

P&R K&R Bus Walk PrivateTaxi

Total0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Yes No

Results – Travel characteristics

Private car is a dominant mode as an access mode for rail

Availability of private car is greater for rail passengers

RailBus

תחנת רכבת הרצליה

מחלף הרצליה

מחלף הסירה

תחנת רכבת ת''אההגנה

תל אביב יפו

תחנת רכבתשלום

שלום

מע"ר

תחנהמרכזית

אליעזר קפלן

Results – Rail used where bus should have been preferred

Herzeliya industry areaNeve tzedek

500 m

1000 m 2500 m

500 m

Large share of rail passengers (42%) doesn’t save time when using rail mode

Results – Passengers attitude

Reason for choosing the mode

Satisfaction by mode

Comfort and time cost are the main reasons for using rail mode

Large share of bus free riders

0.0

0.5

1.01.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.54.0

4.5

5.0

Accuracy Efficiency Privacy Comfort Closeness toDest.

צעמו

מן

ציו

RailBus

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Comfort Time Basicattitide

Cost Safety No reason Free ride

Conclusions

Mismatch in the level of service and mode choice

Rail attracts higher income passengers Large share of rail passengers don’t save

time by using rail service Comfort is the main reason for preferring

the rail

Future research

The validity of the assumption that rail level of service embedded in bus will attract the same number of passengers is questionable

The effect of subjective (psychological) factors on the feeling of comfort on bus vs. rail should be investigated