Delcam - PowerSHAPE 2010 Training Course en - 2009
Transcript of Delcam - PowerSHAPE 2010 Training Course en - 2009
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Important Notice
This document is supplied as part of a Delcam Training Course. It is not intended to be
distance learning material: rather as an aid for Tutors when presenting material to coursedelegates and as a subsequent aid memoir to those delegates.
Delcam does not accept responsibility for any personal belongings / valuables whilst on the
premises. Delegates are advised to keep their belongings on their person at all times.
Delcam plc. has no control over the use of the software described in this document and cannot
accept any responsibility for any loss or damage howsoever caused as a result of using the
software. Users are advised that all results from the software are checked by a competent
person in accordance with good quality control procedures.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be
used only in accordance with the terms of such license.
Copyright 2009 Delcam plc. All rights reserved
Training Centre Customer Support
Tel: 0121 683 1050 Tel: 0121 683 1010
Fax 0121 7665511 Fax: 0121 7665542
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PowerSHAPE Contents
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1
PowerSHAPE Contents
Chapters Page NumberMonday
1. Introduction 1.1 - 1.12
2. Wireframe modelling 2.1 - 2.20
3. Workplanes 3.1 - 3.12
4. Surfaces and Solids 4.1 - 4.20
5. Primitive Surfaces 5.1 - 5.22
Tuesday
6. Automatic Surfacing Wizard 6.1 - 6.26
7. Limit Selection 7.1 - 7.6
8. Advanced Surfaces 8.1 - 8.40
Wednesday
9. Editing Power Surfaces 9.1 - 9.8
10. Trim Region Editing 10.1 - 10.14
11. Levels 11.1 - 11.4
12. Shading & Model Analysis 12.1 - 12.20
Thursday13. Model Fixing 13.1 - 13.16
14. Basic Solid Modelling 14.1 - 14.54
15. Delcam Drafting 15.1 - 15.6
16 Mold Die Wizard 16.1 - 16.8
Friday
17. Further Solid Modelling 17.1 - 17.14
18. Plotting 18.1 - 18.6
19. Exercises 19.1 - 19.4
20. Parasolid Fixing 20.1 - 20.30
21. Assembly Modelling 21.1 - 21.18
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.1
1. Introduction
PowerSHAPE Introduction.PowerSHAPEis a CAD Modellingpackage, which comprises of a Core moduleand several
specialised modules. These are Draft(generating detailed drawings), Toolmaker(mould
design), Electrode(Electrode solid model wizard), Assembly(Assemblies of solid models)
and Crispin (Shoe design). Note:- Some of the specialised modules are cost options.
To open PowerSHAPE, double clickon the desktop icon.
Once loaded, the screen looks as shown.
Pulldown Menus Main Toolbar
Viewing an
Shading
Toolbar
Command Options Graphics Area
PowerSHAPE automatically starts a New Model
for the user to work in. The Model name is displayed at the top left hand corner. Note that aNew Modelis not stored externally to disc.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.2 Issue PSHAPE 2010
The model can be Saved permanently with a more appropriate name and stored to an external
directory. One or more previously stored modelscan be opened within the same
PowerSHAPE session.
At the top of the screen there are a series of pull down menus.
Select the Filemenu, using the Leftmouse button.
This menu contains a comprehensive list of
operations available.
Sub menus accessed by clicking on symbol.
Beneath the pull down menus are the Main Toolbaricons which when clicked either open
up a form alter the choice of command icons located to the left of the graphics area.
If the mouse is held over an icon for a few seconds, a box containing a description of the
command (tooltips) will appear.
To the bottom left of the graphics area is the Levels menu to which entities can be assigned
for long term, group selections.
At the bottom of the screen is the Workplane Selector, Principal Planeselector, the grid
definition, the cursor position, the tolerance and the XYZposition input area.
To the top right of the Maintoolbar are several icons providing access to Workplane, Line,
Arc, Curve, Annotation, Surface, Solid, Feature, Assembly, and Wizardoptions.
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.3
When one of the above icons is selected a context sensitive menu appears in the toolbar to the
left of the graphics area. The shared toolbar will contain all of the main options for creating
the chosen entity.
Selectthe menu for line creation.
The top 2 icons are fixed and comprise Selectionand Model -
Editing/Fixing/Analysis/Mesh Fixing and editing
The remaining icons from 3 downwards change depending on the option selected
from the Main toolbar.
This part of the toolbar is currently shown with the line creation options.
ToolbarsAll of the toolbars, can also be switched on and off
from the Viewpull down menu and selecting
Toolbars and left clicking on the Toolbarnameto
switch the tick on or off.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.4 Issue PSHAPE 2010
PowerSHAPE OptionsThe ToolsOptionspage allows the user to configurePowerSHAPEto be different from
the factory, default settings.
The options are stored within severalmain categories, accessible by clicking on
the adjacent plus symbol.
It is possible to make changes to the
factory default options and store them as
the new default settings to be active with
subsequentPowerSHAPEsessions.
In File Model(if not already set) tick the box Always save and openfrom outside the database.
Select Cancel.
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.5
Help Contents and IndexPowerSHAPEhas an extensive Help index that can be accessed by either selecting Help
from the top menu or by simply pressing F1on the keyboard.
Press F1on the keyboard followed by Getting Started What isPowerSHAPE? in the display window.
Topics are listed down the left hand window and the specific help for a selected item is
displayed in the right hand window.
The Hide button can be pressed to hide the topics. The button then turns to say SHOW whichif pressed the topic list re-appears.
If help is no longer required the window can be closed by selecting the xlocated to the top
right of the browser area.
Closethe help window using the X button at the top right hand corner.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.6 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Mouse buttonsEach of the three mouse buttons performs a different operation in PowerSHAPE. By using
the ALT, Ctrl or Shift key, these operations can be extended as the following details explain.
Left Mouse button 1: Picking and selecting
This button is used for selecting items off themainpull down
menus, inputting data, and selecting parts of the model.
Middle Mouse button or wheel: Dynamics
Zooming: - Hold down the CTRLkey and button/wheel and
move the mouse up and down to zoom in and out of the view.
Hold down the CTRL, ShiftKey and button/wheel to select a
framed area to zoom into.
Panning: - Hold down the SHIFTkey with the button/wheel
moving the mouse, to move the view across the component.
Rotating: Hold down themiddle button/wheeland move the
mouse. A tracker ball appears at the centre of rotation, as does
the view orientation axis in the bottom left corner of the screen.
If View Spinningis switched on (Tools - Options - Views) the
view will spin around until the user executes a further mouse
click.
If available, themiddle mouse wheelcan be used to scroll text.
Mouse button 3: Special Menus
When this button is held down amenu is opened dependant
on what entity the mouse is over. If for example, the cursor is
on a line, then the Line menuappears. If the cursor is in thegraphics area, the View menu appears.
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.7
Exercise 1: Dynamic mouse controls.In this exercise the user will Importan existing stored model and change the views using the
dynamic mouse options.
From the main menu select File Importto open the following form:-
Import the model:-D:\ users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\golf-fin.dgk
When a modelis loaded into a newPowerSHAPE
session the default viewis down theZ-axis.
The view toolbar, on the right hand side of the
PowerSHAPE window, can be broken down into 3
main areas, standard views, dynamicsandshading.
Select the viewIso 1.
The model is now displayed using the first of 4
isometricviews. Surfaceor Solidentities of
the model can be displayed as shadedif
required.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.8 Issue PSHAPE 2010
From the views toolbar select Shaded viewpull out menu.
From the available options pick Shaded View.
The surfaces have been shaded to show
the full extent of the surface area. The
wireframe from which it is constructed
can also shown if required. The model
can be rotated dynamically so that the
user can view the underside detail.
Hold downthe middle mouse buttonand movethe mouseto rotate theview to display the underside.
Hold down Shiftand Middle mousebuttonand move the mouse toposition the view centrally over the model.
The underside can now be seen clearly.
There are many different options forviewing the model that you can select.
There are also a variety of keyboard
shortcuts that you can use.
Select ViewsSingle [about selection].
The keyboard shortcut for the views are listed, i.e. Alt + 1 for Iso 1.
By switching Num Lock on the keyboard, the number pad can be
used with the Alt key to change the views.
There is also an enhanced shading option that displays the model in
a Perspective view with the lines running to a vanishing point as if
on the horizon.
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010 1.9
Select Back [+Y].
Another view is displayed. The
PowerSHAPEmodel needs to be
closed. In this case it does not need
to be saved, as the model has notbeen altered.
Selecting and Blanking PowerSHAPE EntitiesTo be able to perform edits or reposition individual entities it must first be possible to
separate and identify them asselected items.
If an entity isselectedwith the left mouse button it will be displayed with ayellow colour. If
abox is dragged across a group of entities they will all be selected (The default setting does
not require an entity to be completely boxed).
To select more than one item within a group, the Shift keyis held down while selectingindividual entities to add to the selection. To toggle a selected item on or off the Ctrl keyis
depressed while using the left mouse key to pick the entities.
There are options in the Selection toolbarto enable the user to globally select all items of aparticular type such as Wireframes, Surfaces, Solids, Surfaces & Solids or Meshes.
There is also a generalselection filter where the user can discriminate entities using a
more specific combination of search criteria, such as thetype of wireframe,colour, line style,
etc.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.10 Issue PSHAPE 2010
If one or more entities are selected they can be temporarily removed from the graphics area
by selecting Blankfrom the local menu. If it is required to temporarily remove the selected
entities from the graphics area and retain the rest then Blank Exceptis applied. To return all
entities back to the graphics area then Unblankis applied from the screen menu (The
returned items will be selected (yellow). Most users prefer to useshortcut keysfor this
process:- Ctrl J=Blank Ctrl K=Blank Except Ctrl L= Unblank
In the Selection toolbar select the option Quick select allwireframes.
Select Deleteto permanently remove all selectedwireframe entities fromthe model.
Select the upper surfaceof the golf club head and its wireframewillchange to a yellow colour.
Select Ctrl Jto temporarily remove the upper surface from the graphicsarea (as shown above right).
Select Ctrl Lto return the blanked surface back as the selected item.
Select Ctrl Kto keep the upper surface in the graphics area and
temporarily remove all other entities (as shown above right). Select FileClose.
A message box appears asking if it is required to savethe changes. In this case no changes have been made
to the model.
Select No.The current model is now closed.
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PowerSHAPE 1. Introduction
Issue PSHAPE 2010
1.11
Select FileExit.
A message box appears asking if it is okay to exit PowerSHAPE.
Select Yes.PowerSHAPEhas now been closed.
Open PowerSHAPE.
Anew modelis automatically opened.
PowerSHAPE modelsPowerSHAPE models consist of any combination of different types of entity the main ones
being workplanes, wireframes, surfaces, solidsand meshes.
Wireframe in PowerSHAPEWireframeitems include lines, arcs, curves, points, text, dimensionsetc. These can be 2D
or 3D and are essential for use in Draftingas the framework for generating most types of
Surfacesor Solids.
Surfaces in PowerSHAPESurfaces are created from wireframe, as standard primitiveshapes, or byconversion from a
solidmodel. A surfaceis a best described as a skin stretched across one or more 4 sided,
elements of a wireframenetwork. A3D modelcreated as surfacesbehaves as a hollow
form.
Solids in PowerSHAPESolidsare created from wireframe, as standard primitiveshapes, or byconversionfrom one
or more selected surfaces. A 3D modelcreated as a Solidbehaves as an enclosed mass.
PowerMILL 2010creates Parasolidsby default, but if required these can be converted to
and from the older version 8 solids,
Note; unlike other solid modellers, PowerSHAPE will supportskin basedor Open Solid
forms if Version 8 solidsare used. These cannot be created directly, butcan be created by
conversion from existing planeroropensurfacemodels.
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1. Introduction PowerSHAPE
1.12 Issue PSHAPE 2010
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.1
2. Wireframe modelling
IntroductionPowerSHAPEcan generate Points, Lines, Arcs, and Curvesboth in2Dand3D space.
These are collectively known as wireframesand have several functions, which include being
the basic framework for several types of Surfacesand Solids, and as the drawing entities in
PS-Draftor PS-Estimator. Wireframescan be Exportedin a variety of file formats, for use
in other software products such as PowerMILL.
Wireframe Line and Arc Options
Thewireframe Line and Arc options are accessed from the main toolbar.
Single Line
Continuous lines Full Circle
Rectangle Arc Through Three pts.
Polygon Swept Arc About Centre
3D box around selected items Trimmed Fillet
Shortest line between 2 objects Untrimmed Fillet
Trimmed Chamfer
Untrimmed Chamfer
From the top pulldownmenus selectFile New, or alternatively click on
theOpen New Model icon from the main toolbar.
Anew modelwill be opened in the currentPowerSHAPE session.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.2 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Wireframe Lines and Arcs ExerciseThe following tutorial will show the basic operation of the Wireframemodeller by
recreating the2D profileshown below.
Line CreationA single linewill be generated from 0 to Y40to coincide with the R 15 arccentre.
From theLine menu select Single Lines.
Enter the start co-ordinate of0 and pressReturn.
Inputthe values 0 40in the Command input box (lowerright of graphics area)and press Return.
The next part will be generated using continuous lines.
From the Line menu, select Continuous Linesoption.
Snap to thestart of thefirst line (or enter0 in thecommand inputbox).
Input thevalue60 in theCommand input boxfollowed byReturn.
Input thevalue40 40 in theCommand input boxfollowed byReturn.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.3
The Intelligent Cursor
The Intelligent Cursordisplays preview information and locks ontokey pointsandmajor
directionalaxes during dynamic wireframecreation.
With the continuous linemode still active, a construction line to locate theR30centre will
be draggeddynamicallywhile being monitored by the Intelligent Cursor.
Note:- If the Intelligent Cursorfunctionality does not appear, right click within the graphics
area to open the local view menuand check that the option Intelligent Cursoris ticked.
By moving the mouse, dynamicallydrag the endof a new line away fromthe current position (as shown below) and observe the effect of the Intelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).
In the diagram the end of new line has
currently been dragged to a relative,
preview position at an angle of 25
degreeswith alengthof 60.
Note:- The Xdirection is 0 degrees
and the Y direction is 90 degrees
anticlockwise.
By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new line to aposition tangentialto the previous lineand observe the effect of theIntelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).
In the diagram the end of new linehascurrently, lockedonto thetangency of the
previous line and has been dynamically
dragged away with a previewlength of 38.
By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new lineposition to a position along the Y direction and observe the effect of theIntelligent cursor (do not click the left mouse key yet).
In the diagram the end of new linehas locked
onto the Ydirectionand has been
dynamically dragged away with a preview
length of 27.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.4 Issue PSHAPE 2010
By moving the mouse further, dynamically drag the end of a new lineto adistance of 30along the normal (90degrees) direction and this time clicktheleft mouse key at accept the line.
The intelligent cursor has locked onto the normal
(90 degrees) direction from the end of last line.
The cursor has been dragged along this normal
until a length of 30is displayed.
The end positionis accepted by applying a left
mouse click.
Press Escapeto exit line creation.
Arc Creation
The remainder of the wireframeis to be created using various arc options.
From theArc Menu select Full Arc .
Input the value r 15in the Command input boxand press Return.
(This input will redefine thedefault radius).
Movethe cursorover the open end of the vertical line until the text Endisdisplayed then clickthe left mouse keyto snap the circle centre position.
Press Select.
If it is required to modify the Circle, quickly
double click it with the left mouse key and the
relevant Arceditor Formwill appear.
From theArc Menu selectArc through centre, radius and span.
Snap on theopen end of theconstruction line, for the centre point.
Movethe cursorto the other endof the lineand clickwith the leftmouse button.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.5
The position is now set for the start of the arc.
Release all mouse buttons and dragthe arcaround anti-clockwise.
The intelligent cursordisplays the current span angle.
When the left mouse button is clicked, the arc is created.
Clickthe left mouse buttonwhen the arc reaches about 250 degrees.
The blend radius (R 60) will now be
generated using Create an arc
through three points.
The 1st and 2nd points will be
snapped astangenciesto the existing
full circleand arcwith the 3rd point
being input as the specified blend
radius value (60).
From theArc Menu selecttheArc through three pointsoption.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.6 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Use the intelligent cursorto locate, andClick onTangent points on thearc andcircle (Do not locate aKey, End or Mid point as these are fixedpositions).
Drag theradius point to the required shape and to a value as close aspossible to60 beforeleft clicking for initialacceptance.
If necessary,In theArc Confirm formModify theradius value to60 andtoggle through Next Solutionuntil the correct shape is achieved, beforepressingOK.
The new arc has been trimmed
back both to the adjacent arc and
circle.
The Arc through three points
option will also be used to create
the R 10fillet between the line
running along Y and the
remaining full circle.
Select theArc through Three points option.
Use theArc through three points option tocreate theradius of10betweenthefull circle and thevertical line.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.7
The Curves toolbar
After creating geometry consisting of Linesand Arcsit is often necessary (or just good
practice) to combine these into single entities as wireframe Curves. Also, it is not uncommon
to require wireframe that is defined directly as complex Curves. The most commonly used
Curve definitionsare Bezier(free form curves) and Composite(Defined along existing
wireframe and/or model edges).
Bezier Curve and Derivatives.
Composite Curve.
Ellipse, Spiral, Helix.
Fillets and Blends.
Draft Curve.
Oblique Curve.
Model Intersection.
Curve Projection.
Curve Wrapping
Curve Unwrapping
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Composite Curves
In many applications it is necessary for the required wireframeto be a single entity. This is
achieved by creating the wireframe as a composite curve.
Note:- A composite curvecan only by driven along existing model entities.
The basic wireframe shape now is
complete but is currently made up of
several separate linesand arcs.
The extent of a composite curvecan be limited between selected key points along the
potential route (Define start pointand Defineend point).
FromtheCurve Menu, selectComposite curve.
The composite curvetoolbar
appears.
Select the Start Point option in the toolbar and left clickthe lower leftcorner on the wireframemodel.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.9
Left clickon thebottom line.
The Composite Curveis
generated along the route
until it hits a branch point
where optional directionswill be arrowed and change
colour for the user to
manually select the required
route.
Note: Theasterisk at the
start pointindicates that
the composite curveis
currently open.
Left clickalong theR60 arc.
The Composite curve
has now continued
around the wireframe
back to the definedStart Point.
Note: a circleat the
Start Pointindicates
that the composite
curve is aclosed
form.
On thetoolbarselectSave to accept thecomposite curve.
Select Eject to remove the toolbar.
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Selecttheconstruction line with theleft mouse button.
From theright mouse button - menu,selectDelete.
The wireframe is now complete and will be Savedas a permanent model.
Select FileSave As.
In the form Save the Model As:-D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\cam-example
Select FileClose.
Wireframe Arcs Example
The next example demonstrates the use of Arcs to create the lever design shown below.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.11
Select theArc Menu.
Select theFull Arc option from the menu.
When this command is selected, the centre position of the circle is required first. This can beinput as a value or by snapping using the Intelligent Cursor.
In the Command Input boxenter 0for the circle centreand press return.
A preview of a circle has been generated with a radiusinput
from the default value. The radius can be altered by dragging
one of the displayed arrow to the required unit value.
To accept the circle, press the escape key.
With the circle selected, click and hold the handles (arrows) anddynamically move the mouse to draga new radiusof 35.
The circle now has the required radius. This method can be used to
create the second circle at the same centre position, using the
Intelligent Cursor. Alternatively the user canright clickon the arc
and selectModify from the local menu.
Select theCircle command.
Positionthe cursoroverthe centreof the first circleso the word Centreappears.
Click theLeft mouse button toaccept the centre of the new circle.
This new circleis exactly the same initial radius as the first
circle. To change the default, creation radius a new value is
entered into the Command Input windowi.e. R 25.
Drag the secondcircle to aradius of20mm.
Centre
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.12 Issue PSHAPE 2010
The two basic circles are completed. Further circles are
required for this model.
Hint: Use the command input box to enter the circle centre if it
cannot be snapped.
Createa circleat centre 100 20 with a radiusof 50mm.
Createa circleat centre 100 20 with a radiusto 35mm.
Createa circleat centre 200 -40with a radiusof 20mm.
Createa circleat centre 200 -40 with a radiusof 10mm.
PressEscape.
The default option when creating tangent arcs is to trim back the associated geometry. In this
case it is not required to do this, so the flag (Trim Tangent Items) is switched off. This is
found in the Options form under Toolsat the top of the screen.
Select ToolsOptions, selectObject thenArcs.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
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The tangent arc is drawn.
The command automatically repeats
until exited by pressing escape or the
selector.
Move thecursor over themiddle outer circle until the wordTangentappears andpress theLeft mouse button.
Move thecursor over theright outer circle so the wordTangentappears andpress the left mouse button.
Drag aradius of225 andpress OK.
The second radius has been
generated. The further two can be
generated in the same manner.
Createa three point arcbetween the left outer circleand the middleoutercirclewith a radiusof 225mm.
Createa three point arcbetween the right outer circleand the middleoutercirclewith a radiusof 75mm.
The model is complete. The
option needs to be switched off
and the wireframe copied to a
new level.
Select File
Save As. In the form Save the Model As:-
D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE_Models\lever-example
Select FileClose.
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.15
General Edits
At the top of the left hand toolbar are 2 fixed icons, the second of which includes
access to the General Editstoolbar (default).
A few applications relating to wireframe data will be illustrated in this section.
Note: The General Editsoptions are also frequently used on other entities
including Surfacesand Solids. Further General Editoptions will be
illustrated, as appropriate later on during the course.
Close the existingSaved model.
Open aNew model.
Select File - Importand load in the wireframe model:D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\GeneralEdit_Wireframe.dgk
The imported wireframe (shown above left) will be modified using the general editsoptions
initially to produce the 4 finished wireframes(shown above right).
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.16 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Select the Point limitoption and move the cursor to the end of theline to be extended and hold down the left mouse key (The cursor will takethe form of a magnet).
Drag the end of the line tangentially (along the preview line) until the word
Intersection is displayed at which point release the left mouse key,
Select theInteractively limit wireframes option and left click themid-spanof any sections of the wireframe network that are to be trimmed
away (as illustrated below).
Create a Composite Curvefrom the network of lines and arc wireframes(Hint: For a shortcut method hold down the Alt keyand left clickanywhere along the wireframe network).
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
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With the Composite Curveselected, open the general edit- Moveform.
While the form is open, enter the coordinate values 25 25in the CommandInputbox located at the bottom right of the graphics area.
The Composite Curveis shifted by 25mmalong both Xand Y.
Select Y as the operational axis by selecting the Icon located below thegraphics area towards the left hand side.
With theCurveselected, open the general edit- Rotateform.
In the Rotateform select the keep originaloption , enter No ofCopies:- 1, and Angle:- 180 followed byReturn.
A copy of the composite curvehas been rotatedby 180degrees about the active Y axis.
Note:- In this case the same result would have been obtained if the curve had been mirrored
about the YZplane.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.18 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Reinstate Z as the operational axis by selecting the Icon located below thegraphics area towards the left hand side.
With bothCurvesselected, open the general edit Mirror form.
In the Mirrorform select the keep originaloption and select theicon labelled ZX followed by Return.
Copies of the 2 composite curvesare mirroredabout the active ZX plane.
Further General Edit options
Offset Select thecomposite curve located in the-X -Y quadrant
and in the General Editsform select the Offsetoptions.
Select theRound discontinuities option and input Distance 10 tocreate anoffset copy as shown above (The arrow denotes the offsetdirection for a +ve Distancevalue).
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PowerSHAPE 2.Wireframe Modelling
Issue PSHAPE 2010 2.19
Scale Select thecomposite curve located in theX Y quadrant and in the
General Editsform select the Scaleoption.
Enter a Scalefactor of0.5 to reduce the size of the composite curveby50% of the original size (as shown below).
Create Pattern of objects With the scaled downcomposite curve still selected, click the Create
Pattern of objectsoption.
The current settings are immediately previewed.
Input 3rows along bothY andX with a Y pitchof50 andX pitch of75.
Select OK to accept.
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2. Wireframe Modelling PowerSHAPE
2.20 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Rectangularis one of 4 main functions in the Pattern Editsform. The other 3 includeHoneycomb, Circular, and along Wireframe. Note: Within each specific Pattern Editform
further advanced options are available.
Honeycomb
Circular
Wireframe
The General Editsoptions will be applied as required, later during the course on other
PowerSHAPE entities such as Surfacesand Solids.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.1
3. Workplanes
WorkplanesWorkplanes are user, defined datums, positioned and aligned as required to simplify model
creation. A model can contain several Workplanes, but only one can be Active at any time.
When a Workplaneis Active it becomes the XYZdatum, visually larger in size, and
changes colour from grey to red. Model entities can be copiedor cutfrom the currently
Active Workplaneand then pasted back in a different position, relative to a new Active
workplane.
The main Workplane icon is located in the main toolbar which when selected will
provide the following icons in the left hand toolbar:
Single Workplanes.
Multiple Workplanes.
Single Workplane aligned to geometry.
Single Workplane at Top/Centre/Bottom of selection.
Workplane from three points.
Create Points.
In the next example the user will be required to apply wireframe Linesto construct a box
with an angled top. This in turn will be used as the model to demonstrate some basic
applications of Workplanes.
Box Example Open a New Model.
The wireframefor the dimensioned form (as
shown right) will now be created.
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.2 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Open the Single Workplaneoption and enter 0into the CommandInputwindow to position it at the World Datum.
Select the view Iso1.
From theLine menu select Rectangle.
Enter 0in the Command input boxand press Return.
Enter 100 75in the Command input boxand press Return.
Note:- Therectangleis not a single
entity but consists of 4 separate,wireframelines.
From theLine menu select Continuous Lines.
Snapthe start of the lineonto the Workplane.
Enter 0 0 100in the Command input boxand press Return.
Enter abs0 75 150in the Command input boxand press Return.
Snap (left mouse click) the end of the current line to the top left corner ofthe rectangle(Marked as End by the Intelligent Cursorbelow).
Select the last 3 lines created.
Open the General Edits - Move option.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.3
Select the option Make a Copyand enter 100 in the command inputboxbefore pressing Return.
The final 2 Single linesare input by snapping to appropriate key points on the wireframe
model.
SelectSingle Lines.
Press Escape.
The mainwireframemodel is now complete.
An additional wireframemodelbased on a
hexagonal Polygon of lineswill now be created
to a new Workplanecoordinate system at X -100
away from the main model. Acopyof this
separate model will later be placed onto the
angled, top face of main model.
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.4 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Open the Single Workplaneoption and snapa new Workplanetothe top Endof the line running up Z from the original Workplane.
Zoominto the new (Active) Workplaneand then use the left mouse key toselect it.
When a Workplane is selected a square appears on
theXY plane. The corners and mid points of the
square, along with theZaxis arrowhead are thickerand darker in colour.
If the left mouse key is held down on one of the
dark bands then the Workplanecan be dynamically
rotated about the Z axis.
If the left mouse is held down one of the lighter
coloured bands then the Workplanecan be
dynamically rotated about the corresponding,
parallel X axis or Yaxis.
Note: If one of the Workplanearrowheadsis
selected (instead of a coloured band) during
dynamic re-orientation then all Workplane axeswill rotate simultaneously.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.5
Select the light band on the +Yside and parallel with the X axis and withthe left mouse key depressed drag and drop on to the upper left corner ofthe model (arrowed above).
Select the 4lines (Use Shift - left mouse for multi-selection) enclosing theangled top face of the model and select the Workplane option - singleworkplane at centre of selection.
As soon as the icon is clicked a new Workplane
is created, central to the 4 selected lines.
This Workplanewill both be Activeand
selected.
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.6 Issue PSHAPE 2010
From the main toolbar select the Arc options and create a 40 radius- FullArc about the currently Activeworkplane.
The R40Circlehas been created on the XY plane of the
Active workplanecentral to the angled top face of the
wireframe model.
Right click on the ActiveWorkplane to open its local menu and untickActivate. As no Workplaneis now Active all measurements will now becontrolled by the original World coordinates.
Open the Single Workplaneoption and enter -100into theCommand Inputwindow to position it (along -X) away from the mainmodel(The new Workplanewill become Active by default).
Create the following network of wireframe linescentral to the new
Workplane.
Hint:- Use Lines Polygon.
In theCommand Input box,Input(and return)0(Centre point)followed by0 15(corner point).
This wireframewill be copied from the
Workplanelocal to the geometry, to the
Workplanecentral to the angled face on
the main model.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.7
With the above workplane Active, select all the new locally createdwireframe and with the cursor on one of the lines, right click to open thelocalSelection menu.
Select Copyin the menu.
The selected wireframeis
effectively, copied via the mouse!
Activatethe workplane positioned central to the angled, top face on themainwireframemodel.
Right mouse click in the graphics area away from the model and selectPastefrom the local menu.
The wireframe created away
from the main model has been
copied relative to the workplane
central to the top angle face of themain wireframemodel.
Note: Data relative to anActive
workplane in one PowerSHAPE
model can be copied and pasted
relative to anActive workplanein
a different PowerSHAPE model
From the main pulldown menus select File Save As, and store thepsmodelas:-
D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\Workplane-Box
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.8 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Workplane alignment of moulding component
Often when a component design is imported it will not be in a suitable orientation for such
tasks as creating a tool around it, or for maximum accessibility to a 3 Axis machining
operation. In these cases Workplanesare easily applied to achieve a more suitable location
and oriention for the model. To maintain dimensional accountability to the original
component, it is essential to move workplanes around the model as opposed to physicallymoving the model relative to the worlddatum
Select File - Importand locate the Surface model:-D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\psmodels_n_dgk\Interior-Trim.dgk
The imported model of a plastic
moulding is not in a suitable
orientation from which to create
a mould tool. As a result asuitably positioned workplane
will be created to provide an
appropriate tooling datum.
The most obvious choice for a
tooling alignment isnormal to
the base of the pocket.
Use the middle mouse key to dynamically rotate the view to display the
underside of the component.
SelectSingle workplane aligned to geometry and left mouseclick on the surfacedefining underside face of the pocket.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.9
Select the surface defining the underside face of the pocket againand select theSingle workplane at top of selection option.
The latest workplanewill be
positioned, exactly central to
the selected surface.
Select and Delete the original workplaneused to create the alignmentwith the base of the pocket.
View the model in all directions to check that a suitable tooling alignmenthas been achieved.
It is possible that the model may need to be rotated 180 Degrees about the X Axisat some
stage. This can be performed using the workplane editing form.
Right mouse click on the workplaneand in the local menu select Modify.
Select the TwistX icon and enter 180 in the Calculatorform beforeselecting OK, and thenOK againin theWorkplane form.
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.10 Issue PSHAPE 2010
The model is now viewed the other way up, relative to the new orientation of theWorkplane.
Workplane toolbar
Below the graphics area in the bottom left hand corner is the Workplanetoolbar, whichincludes an icon for creating Temporary Workplanesas well as a table as an alternative
means to control the naming and activation of Workplanes.
Select the down arrowto select another workplane.
If Workplane1is selected in the form it becomes active. A Workplane
can be renamed by clicking on the current name and typing over it with
the new name, followed by the return key.
Click on the Temporary Workplaneicon.
Snapto some existing geometry (or anywhere in the graphics area).
The red and black TemporaryWorkplaneappears. ThisWorkplanecannot be aligned dynamically nor does it have access
to a local editing form, but can it be modified using the General
Editstoolbar options. It is automatically called Temporaryand can
be deleted from using the local menu or by re-selecting the
Temporary Workplaneicon.
Click on the Temporary Workplaneicon.
The Temporary Workplaneis removed from the model.
Select FileClose.
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PowerSHAPE 3. Workplanes
Issue PSHAPE 2010 3.11
Master WorkplaneIn a PowerSHAPEmodel one of the Workplanes can be designated as the Master, which
will be displayed with thicker lines to distinguish it from the others.
If anotheractiveWorkplaneis deactivated, instead of PowerSHAPEreverting to the World
co-ordinate system, itactivatesthe Master Workplane.
Example Open the model golf_fin.
There are two Workplanesin this modelNamed 1and2.These are listed
above the Worldco-ordinate system in the workplaneselection form.
Select Workplane 1and click over it with the rightmouse button to bring up the local menu.
Select the option Master(this becomes ticked).
Deselectthe Workplane.
The MasterWorkplane appears below Worldin the
workplane selectorform.
ActivateWorkplane2and then deactivateit.
The Master Workplanebecomes the active datum, instead of theWorldorigin. This is especially useful for users handling imported data
in the car industry where traditionally every component part has a
common datum (Car Line). This World datum could be metres away
from the component as well as being in an unsuitable orientation for
tooling purposes. It is advisable that this datum is retained in case it isrequired to check dimensions relative to the Car Line coordinates.
Select FileClose.
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3. Workplanes PowerSHAPE
3.12 Issue PSHAPE 2010
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.1
4. Surfaces and Solids
What is a Surface?
A Surfaceis best described as a skin of negligible thickness stretched across a defined 2D or
3D area.
There are 3 main types of surfacesupported by PowerSHAPEwhich include:-
Primitives, NURBSandPower Surfaces. The constructional attributes and editing
capability of these are very different.
Primitive surfacesA Primitive Surfaceis based on simple,standard shapes, and wireframe extrusionsor
rotated forms. A Primitive Surfaceis defined or edited by entering set parameters into aspecialist form (The actual input criteria depends on the type of Primitive Surface).
A major restriction of a Primitive surfaceis that it is only possible to modify the existing
defined parameters such as length,radius,orientation and where applicable, theoriginal
wireframe. Primitive surfacesalso have an inherent workplane like datum, which the user
can manipulate to perform modifications dynamically.
PowerSHAPE- Primitive surface options include:-Primitive -Plane, Block, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus. Helix.
Extruded surfaces (From pre-defined wireframe).Surfaces of revolution (From pre-defined wireframe).
ThePrimitive ConeSurfaceis shown selected with the local Coneediting form open.
Note:- The Surface Cone is a skin with the top and base open.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.2 Issue PSHAPE 2010
NURBS surfaces (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)It is common for a surface modelcreated using a different CAD system to be imported into
PowerSHAPE. For this to be possible, PowerSHAPEsupports other types of Surface
definitions such as NURBS surfaces. PowerSHAPEwill also create NURBS surfaces
during certain applications or if dictated by the user in the PowerSHAPE - Surface Options.
The control points on a NURBS surface can be dynamically moved around in space, but not
to any degree of dimensional accuracy.
Any such changes are tricky to apply and depend on the users visual acceptance of the new
form.
Conversion of Primitives and NURBS to Power SurfacesIf it is required to perform more complex modifications to the shape of a Primitiveor
NURBS surface, it must first, be convertedto a Power Surface. With a Power Surfacethe
user has access to a full range of editing options via a comprehensive surface/curve editing
toolbar or dynamic operations.
Note:- It is not possible toconvert aPower surface back to a Primitive or NURBS type.
In the Mainpulldown menu option:-Tools Options Objects Surfacesensure that in the section labelledPrimitivesthat
Create as NURBSis unticked if direct conversion from Primitivesto Power Surfacesis
required (Otherwise when Convert Surfaceis applied to a Primitiveit becomes a NURBS
which in turn will have to be converted to a Power Surface).
Note:- Several of the Surfacecreation options directly create a Power Surface.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.3
Power surfacesA Power surfaceis based on a network of 4 sided wireframeelements appearing as curves
along (longitudinals) and across (laterals) the surface area.
A Power Surfacecan generate complex forms while retainingfull editing capability
including the directionand magnitudethrough surface curveintersections.
To define holes within the surfacearea or an outside profile not compliant with a 4 sided
wireframestructure, specialisttrim curvescalled Boundaries are applied.The area of surface between adjacent pairs of lateralsand longitudinalsis called apatch.
The curves on a POWER Surface are called longitudinals (along the surface) and laterals
(across the surface). In some cases another (optional) curve exists called a spine. This
generally runs along the longitudinal direction, often in free space controlling the orientation
of the laterals.
Laterals
This surface contains the minimum,
two laterals.
Longitudinals
This surface contains a total of 7
longitudinals flowing from
corresponding points from the first
to the second lateral
Spine (Drive Curve)
The spine (shown dotted) is used to
control the orientation of thelaterals. A spine is not mandatory
and can be created or deleted as
required without changing the
surface shape. It occurs
automatically such as during the
creation of Fillet surfaces or as part
of the controlled geometry of a
Drive Curve surface.
The Cato mark identifies the start point for Laterals and Longitudinals on a POWER surface.It is positioned a short distance from point 1along lateral 1with a short line pointing from itrepresenting the Longitudinal direction.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.4 Issue PSHAPE 2010
What is a Solid?
A Solidis best described as asolid mass. Unlike Surfacemodelling, there are no options inSolidmodelling that directly create entities that are ofnegligible thickness(egPrimitive
Plane, or a Split Surface). There are obvious differences in both theoptions andmethods
used as opposed to working with Surfaces. The main advantage of working with Solids is theinherentHistory Tree. Actions performed earlier can be retrospectively modified within the
History Treeand the whole Solid will update to fully accommodate the alterations. This
means any amendments to a design can be very quickly implemented in the model.Solid modelling has been an essential feature ofPowerSHAPEfor many years but
PowerSHAPE 2010is the first version to fully supportParasolids as the standard as opposed
to the earlier V8 Solids. V8 Solids are a type of solid that is unique to Delcamwhereas
Parasolidsare the standard used by other dedicated Solid modelling packages.
An essential reason to use Parasolids is that actions performed on them are generally more
accurate, stable, and reliable. In PowerSHAPE 2010,Parasolidsare default, and to the
existing user theoptions andforms used are little changed from those used with V8 Solids.
Note:- The Solid Coneis fully enclosed mass that includes the top and bottom face.
Summary
From the above explanations it is obvious that Solid Modellingis the best method to use for
creating a CAD model. There are however certain applications that are impossible or more
difficult to create using solids. These include Split Surfaces,Draft surfaces, and Solid
Doctorrepair, operations where faces need to be extracted and modified as surfaces patches
before being inserted back into the Solid.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.5
Surfaces Versus Solids
The following simple component will be created using both Surfaceand Solid modelling to
demonstrate the general differences. This example will also demonstrate the advantages of
using Solid Modelling.
The Holes are Dia 20, the Fillets are Rad 5, and the Draft Angleis 5 Degrees.
Surface Modelling Method
From the Main pull downmenus select File- Save As :-
D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\GettingStarted
From the Main toolbar select Workplanesto access the Workplaneoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.
Create a single Workplane at 0.
Note: The Workplane will automatically become theActive datumon creation.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.6 Issue PSHAPE 2010
From the Main toolbar select Surfaces to access the Surfaceoptions
toolbar on the left of the graphics area.
From the Surfacing optionsselect Block Primitive.
Left mouse clickon the workplaneto locate the newBlockPrimitiveonto it.
Right mouse clickon the BlockPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options.
Fill the Blockform in exactly as shown above before selecting OK.
FilletsSurface Filletscan only be created along the intersectionsbetween 2 or moreseparate
Surfaces. The Block Surfacemust first be made into4 separateSurfacesfor it to be
possible to create theFillets. Before the Surfacecan be split up, it must first be Converted
from a Primitiveto a Power Surface.
Right mouse clickon the Surfaceand the description at the top of thelocal menu includes Surface Block.
From the local menu select Convert Surface.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.7
Right mouse clickon the Surfaceand the description at the top of thelocal menu should include Power Surface(If it is Nurbsselect ConvertSurfaceagain).
DoubleLeft mouse clickon the Surfaceto both make it selected (Yellowwireframe) and to open the Surface editstoolbar.
With the Shift keydepressed, use the Left mouse keyto select all 4linear curves running from the base to the top.
Select the option Break Surfaceto create 4 separate Power Surfaces.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.8 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Select all 4 Surfacesand from the Surface optionstoolbar select Filletsurface.
Use a Fillet Radiusof 5
Set Convex(fillet from inside (Red) faces ofSurfaces).
Set Fillet all routes(Automatically creates fillet
surfaces along all available routes).
Fill in the Fillet Surfaceform in exactly as shown above before selectingOK.
Fillet Surfacesare created up the 4cornersof the Block.
One issue with a Fillet Surfacerunning between adjacentDraft Surfacesis illustrated in the
following (exaggerated) diagram.
The cross section of a Fillet Surfaceis always perpendicular to
thedrive curve(Spine) created between adjacent Surfaces.
A Surface Filletwill not proceed beyond the physical edge of the
adjacent Surfaces.
As a consequence of the above rules neither the top or bottom
section of the Fillet Surfaceare flush with the top or base levels.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.9
Trimming the Fillets From the lower left corner of the PowerSHAPEwindow the select
Create/Remove temporary workplane and in the Command inputbox enter 0 0 50.
Select all 4 sidewall Surfacesand press the keys (Ctrl J) to Blankthemfrom the view.
Click on the Show general edits optionsfollowed by Limit selection.
Select the Activetemporary workplaneto be the Cuttingobject and thendrag a boxacross all 4 Fillet Surfacesto trim them back to be level withthe temporary workplane.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.10 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Press the keys (Ctrl L) to return all items back into view (Unblank).
Create a Fill-In Surface From the lower left corner of the PowerSHAPEwindow the select
Create/Removetemporary workplane to remove the current one.
With the Altkey depressed, left mouse clickanywhere on the top edge ofthe surface model to create a Composite Curveall around the top edge.
With the Composite Curveselected, open the Surface Optionstoolbar
and then click on the Automatic Surfacingoption.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.11
Select Apply to create a Fill-InSurfaceinside the selected Compositecurve.
Select and Deletethe Composite Curve.
Creating the Holes From below left of the graphics areaselect Y as the operational direction.
Activatethe Workplane.central to the base of the model.
From the Surfacing options select Cylinder Primitive.
Enter the values 0 -60 25in the Command Input boxto position the newCylinder Primitive.
Right mouse clickon the CylinderPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options menu.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.12 Issue PSHAPE 2010
In the above form, input Radius10and Length120before clicking on OK.
From below left of the graphics areaselect Z as the operational direction.
Select the new Cylinder Primitiveand open the general editstoolbar.
In the general editstoolbar select Rotate items to open thefollowing form.
Select the Keep originaloption, input Copies1, and Angle90, before
pressing the Return key.
The 2 Cylinder Primitivesmust now betrimmed backto each other as well as to theouter
wallSurfaces.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.13
Trimming the Holes Select the 2 Cylinder Primitivesand apply Blank Except(Ctrl K).
The 2 Cylinder Primitives
need to be trimmed back to each
other.
To ensure this is fully successful
thegeneral tolerancewill first
be increased to 0.02.
In the General toleranceinput box (located below the graphics area),modify the current value to 0.02.
Select one of the Cylinder Primitives and from the general edits optionsselect Limit Selection.
Note the green tickshows that the selected Cylinder
Primitive is registered as the Cutter selection.
With the Limit selectionform open, select the other Cylinder Primitive toproduce one of several possible trim results (2 shown below).
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.14 Issue PSHAPE 2010
To obtain the correct trim keep selecting Next solutionuntil the correctone is displayed (as shown below).
Note that the limit selectionprocess will automatically cause the Cylinder Primitivesto be
converted to Power Surfaces.
Close the Limit selectionoptions.
Select and Blank(Ctrl J) the 4 filletsand topSurface.
Use Limit Selectionto trim back each cylinderto their relevant sidewall
surfaces(Hint: Select a sidewallsurfaceas the Cutter selectionandwhen applying the trim, click the part of the cylinderprotruding outside thewall).
Once both cylinder Surfaceshave been trimmed to all of the sidewallSurfacesapply Unblank(Ctrl L) to return all entities to the view.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.15
Note: The visible side of the Cylinder Surfacesare shaded Red (Inside face) as opposed to
the other surfaces which are shaded Blue (Outside face). It is good practice to reverse any
surfaces that are currentlyshaded red.
Select the 2 cylinderSurfaces(Shaded Red) and right click over one ofthem to open the local menu.
Select Reversein the local menu to turn the 2 cylinderSurfacesinsideout.
Select File Save to update the externally stored Modelfile.
Do not close the modelas it will be continued to create the samecomponent design but this time using Solid modelling.
The Surface Modelis now finished, but should any future design changes occur it will be a
laborious process to implement them. If it is required to change such features as the fillet
Radii, Hole Diameters, or general dimensions, other related parts of the Surface Modelwill
not automatically update, All affected surfaceswill need to have the current trimming
deleted and then individually be re-trimmed to comply with the updated design.
Solid Modelling Method
The same component will be created but this time using Solids at a distance of X150from the
Surface model
From the Main toolbar select Workplanes
to access the Workplaneoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.
Create a single Workplane at X150.
Note: The new Workplane will automatically become theActive datumon creation.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.16 Issue PSHAPE 2010
From the Main toolbar select Solids to access the Solidoptionstoolbaron the left of the graphics area.
From the Solid optionsselect Block Primitive.
Left mouse clickon the new workplaneto locate the newBlockPrimitiveon to it.
Right mouse clickon the BlockPrimitiveand select Modifyfrom thelocal editing options.
The new Solid will automatically be Activeon
creation.
Fill the Blockform in exactly as shown above before selecting OK.
Double left mouse clickon the Solidtoopen the History Treewindow to the left
of the graphics area(If it is not alreadyopen).
The Solid Blockis currently the only item registered
in the History Tree.
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4. Surfaces and Solids PowerSHAPE
4.18 Issue PSHAPE 2010
Holes From below left of the graphics areaselect Y as the operational direction.
From the Solid options select Create solid cylinder.
In the Command inputbox enter the coordinates 0 -60 25to define thelocation for the Solid cylinder.
Double left mouse clickon the Solid cylinderto open the Cylinder
editing form.
Insert Radius 10and Length 120before selecting OKto accept thechanges.
The newly created Solid Cylinderwill be registered in the History Treeas a separate item to
the existing Active Solid.
The OriginalSolidis identified with a Red flagto show that it is
theActiveSolid.
The Cylinder Solidis identified with a Grey flagto show that it
is not theActive Solid.
Note: A Solidis made Active(or not) by toggling theflagusing a left mouse click.
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PowerSHAPE 4. Surfaces and Solids
Issue PSHAPE 2010 4.19
Boolean operationA Booleanoperation will either Add, Remove, or Intersectthe selected Solid(s)within the
ActiveSolid.
With the original Solid Active(Redwireframeand RedFlagin HistoryTree) select the Solid Cylinderusing the left mouse.
From the Main toolbar select Feature to access the SolidFeatureoptionstoolbar on the left of the graphics area.
Select Boolean Remove from the Solid Feature optionstoolbar.
The mass of the Cylinder Solidis
removed from theActiveSolid.
The Solid Cylinderis now part of theActiveSolidand is registered at the top of the History
Tree.
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Solid EditingThe previous Boolean Removaloperation can be copied and rotatedto create the otherHole
by using options from within the SolidHistoryTree.
From below left of the graphics areaselect Z as the operational direction.
Left mouse click the Boolean Removalaction located directly above theSolid Cylinderin the History Tree.
A square boxis displayed around the item nameon selection.
Select the General Editingoptions and switch to Edit selected sub-itemsmode.
Select the Rotate itemsoption and in the resultant form set Keeporiginalwith Copies1and Angle90before pressing the Return key.
Keep Original
Rotated Copy of the
original Hole
Original Hole
The second Solid Modelof the component is now completed. In addition to the overall
process being easier than Surface modelling, design changes can be implemented almost
instantaneously from with the Solid History Tree.
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5. Primitive Surfaces
Primitive SurfacesPowerSHAPEcan quickly create a range of simple surfaces defined by a few basic
parameters. These are Primitives, which include 6 Standard Shapes,Extruded Surfaces
and Surfaces of Revolution. On Primitive surfacesonly the basic dimensional parameters
can be modified with the original defined shape being fixed. Other typesofSurfaces used in
PowerSHAPE includeNurbs Surfaces(Frequently obtained from imported data) and
Power Surfaces. NurbsSurfaces also have limited editing capability and along with
Primitive Surfacesmust be Convertedto Power Surfacesfor a more powerful, a complete
editing capability. Note: The conversion process is not reversible.
Standard Primitive SurfacesThere are 6 standardPrimitive Surfacesoptions in PowerSHAPE, a Plane, a Box, a
Sphere, a Cylinder, a Coneand a Torus. Primitive Surfacesare generated with minimal
data input and can be an ideal starting point for many applications. Primitives are coloured
gold in the pull down menu to distinguish them from other surface creation options.
Each Primitive, when created is given a size proportional to the zoom of the screen and are
then, subsequently modified as required. A Primitivecan be moved, copied, rotated,
intersectedand filleted. However if it is required to alter the defined shape by actions such
as moving surface points or adding extra sections, a Primitivemust first be converted to a
Power Surface.
All Primitives are created in the direction of the active Principal Axis(By default this is
along the Z-Axis).
Basic Primitive Example
Select Create New Model.
Select the Surface menuicon from the Main Toolbar.
Move the mouse over the Surface Primitivesfly-out commands.
This menu allows the user to create a range of surface primitives. They are, from left to right,
Plane, Block, Cylinder, Cone, Sphereand Torus, andSpring Primitive.
Select Plane Primitive.
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A moveable Primitive Surface- Planeis attached to the cursor, with the centre of the Plane
being its local origin. This can be positioned by locking onto an item using the intelligent
cursoror by typing in X Y Zco-ordinate value in the Command Inputwindow.
Enter 0in the Command input boxand press Return.
Select the view Iso1.
The selected Plane is shown is positioned with an
inherent workplane attached to it. The orientation
of the Primitive Planecan be changed
dynamically by selecting and dragging on
workplane attributes.
The sides of the actual Planecan be dynamically
dragged to a different size.
Select the blue edgeat the topof the squareand dynamicallypullit outwards until a valueof 280is displayed and releasethe mouse button.
The width can also be modified at this point
using the same method.
Select the blue edgeat the side of the square and dynamically pullitoutwards to 100.
Double clickon the Planeto open the editing form.
This form has two tabs and allows the user to
rename or reverse the surface, input different
values for width and length, re-orientate directly
along a major Axis, or by applying a twist about
a major Axis to change the angle.
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Change theLength (Y)to 100.
Select the Workspace tab and change thedefineZ position to40 beforeselectingOK.
Press Select to exitPrimitive Plane creation mode.
Do not close the model the above Planewill be used as part of the next example.
Simple Gear Shift design using Primitives
In the following example each of the six Primitive Surfaceoptions will be applied to the
construction of a basic Gear Shift design.
Click the Workplaneicon and the option Single Workplane.
Enter 0in the Command Input box and press Return.
This Workplanewill provide a visual marker for the dimensional datum.
From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Block Primitive.
Enter 0in the Command Input box and press Return.
Dragor Editthe Blockdimensions to X 100, Y 100 andZ 40.
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From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Cone Primitive.
Enter 00 40in the Command Input box and press Return.
Dragor Edit the Top Radiusto 5,Base Radiusto 27.5and the Lengthtobe 50.
From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Cylinder Primitive.
Enter 00 90in the Command Input box and press Return.
Dragor Edit the Radiusto 5 and theLengthto 60.
From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Sphere Primitive.
Enter 00 160in the Command Input box and press Return.
Drag or Edit the Radiusto 15.
From the Surfacefly-out menu , select Torus Primitive.
Enter 00 90in the Command Input box and press Return.
Dragor Edit the Minor Radius to 1.5and theMajor Radiusto 5
Press Select to exitPrimitive Plane creation mode.
In File- Savethe model as D:\users\training\Coursework\GearStickandselect File - Close.
Extrusion SurfacesThis type ofSurfaceis formed as an extrusion of a wireframe entity normal to the
wireframesplaner base (default). If required, it is possible to change the settings in Tools
Options Objects -Surfacesfor the extrusion surfaceto generate along the active X,Y, or
Z Axis. If several items are selected for extrusionthen a series of separate surfacewill be
generated.
As with standard Primitivesan Extrusion Surfacecan only have basic parameters
modifiedunless irreversibly convertedto a Power surface.
By default the wireframeused to create the extrusion surfacewill be deleted. To retain thewireframetick thepulldown menu, setting:-
ToolsOptions - Object - Surfaces -Keep wireframe (extrusions and revolutions).
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Extruded Polygon exampleThis example demonstrates the option to create a wireframe, polygonwhich in turn will be
used to generate an octagonal extrusion surfacewith a side length of 50 and a height of 100.
SelectOpenNew Model.
Open theLine menu.
From themenu selectPolygon.
The Polygon creation form is displayed. This allows the
user to specify the Number of sidesin the Polygonas
defined by one of three available options.
The option to Create composite curveprovides the user
with the option to create a Polygonas a single entity. If
this option is switched off (default) the sides of the
Polygonwill consist of single lines.
Set the Number of sidesto 8.
Select Edge pointsand tick- Create composite curve.
Start and end points of the first span need to be defined before dismissing the form.
Enter 0in the Command Input box and press Return.
Enter 50 in the Command Input box and press Return.
OKthe Polygoncreation form.
The wirefameis completed and is already a single closed
composite curve.
This will be used as the shape of the Extrusion Surface.
Select the view Iso1.
Select the composite curve.
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Select the Surfacemenu and select Extrusion.
This produces an extrusion surfacefrom
the selected composite curve up the Z-axis
by a default value.
The extrusionhas two sets of Double
Arrows which are used to dynamically
change the length up or down the Z axis and
if required to create a negative extrusion
(lower set).
Withthe Leftmouse buttonselect the upper set ofdouble arrows.
Drag theextrusion upwards to alength of 50.
Double-clickon the surface edge.
The PrimitiveExtrusionediting form will open
providing the options to input settings and
dimensional values. The Extrusion can be given
a positive or negative draft angle.
The extrusioncan be repositioned by entering
new origin coordinates, and aligned to, or
rotated about an Axis.
Entera lengthof 100and press OK.
De-selectthe surfaceby clicking away from the surface.
The Extrusion Surfaceis completed.
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PowerSHAPEcan also simultaneously extrude several, separate selected geometry items to
make individual surfaces.
Selectthe extruded Surface.
From the Right Mouse button menu, select Delete(or the keyboardDelete key).
The Surface has now been deleted and the original composite curvedoes not exist either.
This was deleted earlier by default when the extrusion was created. To automatically retain
future curvestickthe box accessed from the pull down menu Tools - Options Objects
Surfaces - Keep wireframe (extrusions and revolutions).
Extrusion Example 2
Select the Workplanemenu.
From the Workplane menuselect Single Workplane.
Enter 0in the Command input boxand press Return.
Generatethe following 8 linesaround the new Workplane.
Each of the selected wireframe entities will create a separate Extrusion Surface.
Box select all the wireframe.
Select the Surfaceicon and select Extrusion.
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For multiple wireframe selection a different form
appears which requires a common input for
Length, Draft Angle, and Negative Lengthfor
of all the Extrusion Surfacesbeing generated.
Enter a lengthof 70and press OK.
De-selectthe surfaces.
From the Shading menu, select Shaded Wire View.
PowerSHAPEhas created 3 separate
surfaces.
Note: once created the Extrusion
Surfacescan be edited individually.
Selectallof the surfacesand selectDelete.
A 3Dwireframecan be used to create an Extrusion Surface.
Import the Model:-
D:\users\training\PowerSHAPE_Data\models\psmodels_n_dgk\3D_Wireframe.dgk
An Extrusion Surfacewill be created from the
imported 3D composite curve.
Select the composite curve.
Fromthe Surfacemenu and the option Extrusion.
Edit the lengthof the ExtrusionSurfaceto 50mm.
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It can be seen that the surfacehas been extruded along the
normal to the average,planar baseto the wireframe.
Select Undoto get back to the stage prior to creating the ExtrusionSurface.
Select ToolsOptions - Objects -Surfaces.
The section Primitives controls the
standard behaviour as they aregenerated.
The default option is for Create extrusions normal to planar baseto be ticked.
Untick - Create extrusions normal to planar baseand press Accept.
Selectthe Z Axis and select the composite curve.
Fromthe Surfacemenu and the option Extrusion.
The Extrusion Surfacewill now be generated
along the active Principle Axis Z.
Select FileClosebut do not Savethe model.
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Pump Project ExampleIn this example an IGES file containing wireframe data is Imported into PowerSHAPE
and the Surface Model will be created in stages to provide a practical application of the
content from the remaining chapters. Many different types of data formats can be imported
into PowerSHAPE depending on the customer having purchased the relevant translators.
One off, data translations can also be licensed through the internet on a pay as you gobasis
through the Delcam Technical Supportdepartment.
Select OpenNew Model.
Select Import Data File.
The Select a file toImport form
appears to enable the user to
browse for the required file.
From D:\Users\Training\PowerSHAPE_data\igesselect pump.igsandpress Open.
The multi-coloured wireframeappears.
Selectallof the wireframethat defines the base.
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Select the Z- axis.
Select the Surfacemenu and select Extrusion.
Drag the extrusion lengthto 40.
Press Select.
The extrusionsurfaceis complete. The
model must now be Savedready for the
next stage.
Select FileSave Asand enter the name pump-project2and pressSave(Work will continue on this modelduring later chapters).
Select FileClose.
Surfaces of Revolution ExampleA surface of revolution is creating by revolving single geometry or a composite curve around
a specified principal plane.
Select OpenNew Model.
Create a Workplaneat 0and create thebottle section geometry.
This shape will be connected together with a composite
curve.
This curve will be revolved by 360 degrees around the
workplane generating a surface. The correct axis for
rotation around must be pre selected.
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Select the Y-Axis.
Create a composite curveof the section geometry.
Selectthe wireframeand select the Surfacemenu.
Select Surface of Revolution.
The selected composite curveis spun around
the active axis (Y) producing the surface of
revolution producing the bottle shape. A lid can
be created by generating a curve around the
end profile, and applying theFill-In surface
option.
Selectthe viewIso3.
Select the Curvemenu and select Create aComposite Curve.
Clickon the top partof the bottle.
A composite curvecan be used to trace
all around the curves of a surface.
Tracearoundthe topof the bottle until closed.
Select Save and Eject on the composite curvemenu.
Selectthe Composite Curve.
A fill-insurfaceis generated from a composite curvesor a series of wireframeentities. It
is especially useful for filling in gaps in models.
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From the Surface menu select the Automatic-Surfacing Wizard.
Use the pull down to select Fill In(if not already picked).
This wizard will be used later on
in the course.
Press Apply and thenOK.
The surface has been generated. The inside skin area of the
surfaceis displayed with a red colour. This is the inside colour
which cannot be changed by the user. It can however be
transferred to the other side of the surface skin byreversingthe
surface.
Selectthe surfacewith the Left mouse button.
From the Right mouse menuselect Reverse.
The surfacehas been reversed, showing the user defined,
coloured side, which is known as the outside.
Select FileSave Asand save the file as:-D:\users\training\COURSEWORK\PowerSHAPE-Models\my-parameters.
When a PowerSHAPEmodel is saved the undo/redofacility is reset. Only work carried out
after the Savewill be eligible to be undoneorredone.
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Wheel ExampleCreate the following wheel shape. This will then be altered using various commands.
Selectthe view from top.
Selectand Deletethe two surfaces. Generatethe basic wireframe shape.
Select allthe wireframe.
Selectthe view Iso1 and select the Y plane.
From the Surface menu
select Surface of Revolution.
The surface of revolution is generated. The only
option available to edit this surface by
parameter is to change the number of degrees it
spins around from the default of 360 degrees.
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Double clickthe surfacewith the leftmouse button.
The primitive revolution form appears, showing theworkplane options as well as the Angle.
Changethe Angleto 180 and press OK.
The surface had been generated through an angle of
180 degrees.
To alter the physical shape of the surface of
revolution the original wireframe has to be altered.
One way to alter the wireframe is to use the stretch
command from the Edit toolbar.
Click on Undo twiceto return back to the original wireframe.
Select Edit toolbar and open the Move/Copy menu.
Select stretch object.
Select the top halfof the shape, by dragginga box over it as shown.
Enter 0 50which will only move the selected parts 50mm in the Y,stretching the back and inner wall.
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The top half is dragged upwards and the
connecting geometry is stretched.
A new surface of revolution can be made
of only the inner feature by limiting theinitial composite curve using the start and
stop feature when tracing.
Select the Curvemenu and select Composite Curve.
Selectstart pointfrom the toolbar.
The cursor changes into two vertical bars like the Define start point icon. A circle will mark
the selected start point.
Snapthis to the bottom right corner endof the wireframe.
Selectend point.
The cursor changes into two vertical bars, like the Define End point icon.
A circle will marks the selected end point.
Snapthis to the top right corner endof the model for the end point of thecomposite curve as shown.
There are two options for the composite curve to be. To select the path, one of the wireframe
lines is selected.
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Select theinner vertical line.
There are two options to create a composite curve in this shape. By
selecting the inner geometry a composite curve is traced between
the two circles.
Select Save and Eject on the composite curve toolbar.
Selectthe Composite Curve.
From the Surface menu select Surface of Revolution.
The outer surface is produced. This surface can be changed
by using the Edit facility from the primitive revolution form.
Double clickthe surfaceto bring up the primitive revolution form.
From the Sketchtab, select Edit Sketch.
From the Surface/Curve editing toolbar, select Edit curve usingactive dimensions. (pull down from edit curve in 3D)
PowerSHAPE undraws
the surface and createsdimensions for the
wireframe. These
dimensions can be double
clicked and changed.
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Double Clickon the text 15 dimension.
The dimension value form appears.
Modifythe valueto be 35and press OK.
Double click the dimension value, 100input a new value of value of 80,and click OK.
Select the Finishbutton and OKthe form.
The surface is modified to suit the wireframe changes.
Select FileSave and then FileClose.
Bottle ExerciseUsing arcs, generate a bottle shape starting with the base.
SelectCreate New Model.
Selectthe Z-axis and Createa Workplaneat 0.
Generate two circlesof radius 15at 50 0and -50 0.
Generate two circlesof radius 25at 0 20and 0 -20.
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