Delano NYSAWWA presentation 04-2017.ppt - OBG · 2019-12-03 · [email protected] | (315)...
Transcript of Delano NYSAWWA presentation 04-2017.ppt - OBG · 2019-12-03 · [email protected] | (315)...
FINAL 4/28/2017
1
OBG PRESENTS:
Lining technologies as alternatives to replacement of lead service lines
Stephen D. Delano, PEO’Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc.
Presented at New York's Water Event (NYS AWWA) | Saratoga, NYApril 26, 2017
Agenda
▪ Regulatory context
▪ Lead service line replacement – challenges to implementation
▪ Alternatives to replacement
▪ Advantages and disadvantages
▪ Summary and conclusions
▪ Questions?
2
FINAL 4/28/2017
2
Typical Water Service
3
Regulatory Context
▪ Lead and Copper Rule (40 CFR 141.8)
▪ Originally promulgated 1991
▪ Minor revisions published 2000
▪ EPA published Drinking Water Lead Reduction Plan – 2005
▪ Short-term revisions promulgated 2007
▪ Requires “replacement” of lead service lines when lead action level
is exceeded, after treatment is unsuccessful
▪ Does not require replacement of customer-owned portion of lead
service lines 4
FINAL 4/28/2017
3
Regulatory Context (cont’d)
▪ Long-term revisions . . .
▪ “Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Partial Lead Service Line
Replacements” (USEPA Science Advisory Board, Sep 2011)
▪ “Report of the Lead and Copper Rule Working Group to the
National Drinking Water Advisory Council” (Aug 2015)
▪ NDWAC recommendations to USEPA Administrator (Dec 2015)
▪ “Lead and Copper Rule Revisions White Paper” (USEPA, Oct 2016)
5
Regulatory Context (cont’d)
▪ Proposed long-term revisions to LCR – expected late 2017 (?)
▪ This much seems clear:
▪ Corrosion control treatment by itself is not enough
▪ Much stronger requirements for full lead service line replacement
are inevitable
▪ Partial lead service line replacement will be discouraged
▪ May or may not address linings and coatings
6
FINAL 4/28/2017
4
Lead Service Line Replacement – Challenges
▪ Inadequate inventory – how many and where?
▪ Estimated 6.1 million lead service lines in US (Cornwell et al, 2016)
▪ Disruption and damage
▪ Cost
▪ $4,000 – $8,000 each � $24B – $49B
▪ Shared ownership/responsibility
▪ Income disparity � disparate benefits
7
LSLR has generally assumed utility to have only
limited ownership or “control”
▪ Ownership – Generally utilities assert that ownership extends
only to the property line. In some cases, assertion is made that
utility owns no part of service line, and has no legal responsibility.
▪ Partial replacements – Generally recognized to be not as effective
as full replacement. Effectiveness limited in first few months by
disturbance effects, and over longer term by galvanic corrosion
(this was basis of NDWAC Working Group recommendation)
8
FINAL 4/28/2017
5
Limited success in past experience by utilities in
sharing responsibility of replacing lead service lines Experience in the District of Columbia has resulted in private-side
participation at disappointing low rates, despite:
- intensive outreach, education and project coordination
- financial incentives, loans and extended repayments
- extensive front page stories on the lead crisis in the media
9
District of Columbia - Private LSLR participation since 2003
Quadrant Public LSLRs Private LSLRs Percent
NW 16,256 2,109 13.0%
NE 10,721 876 8.2%
SW 490 23 4.7%
SE 5,523 458 8.3%
Total 32,990 3,466 10.5%
NW NE
SESW
Lansing, MI – Model for Effectiveness
▪ In 1990s – estimated 17,000 lead services
▪ In 2004 policy decision was made to replace all lead
service lines within ten years
▪ As of May 2016, goal has nearly been met, with only
about 500 remaining
10
FINAL 4/28/2017
6
Lansing, MI
▪ Did not always own service lines in their entirety
▪ City made decision to take ownership in 1927
▪ Purpose was to give utility ability to address service line
leakage that was not getting solved under shared ownership
model
▪ As part of that ownership transfer, City implemented rate
increase intended to cover cost of added responsibility
11
Alternatives to Replacement
Objective: Identify viable alternatives that could make
treatment of entire lead service line length (main to building)
more feasible:
▪ Field procedures for coating or lining service lines are less
disruptive than replacement due to fewer excavations
▪ Cost to coat or line service lines is competitive with replacement,
and incremental cost to include private portion is marginal
12
FINAL 4/28/2017
7
Alternatives to Replacement
Three “proven” technologies
1) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) lining
2) Epoxy coating
3) Polyurea/polyurethane coating
13
Common Features
▪ Trenchless technologies; relatively small excavation(s)
▪ Suitable for use in small diameter, old pipes
▪ Thin film, smooth surface; no reduction to service line
capacity
▪ Non-structural
▪ Long service life – many decades
▪ Limited use in United States
14
FINAL 4/28/2017
8
PET Lining
▪ Developed by Dutch plastics firm (Wavin),
specifically for lead pipe lining, under trade
name Neofit®
▪ Represented by Flow-Liner Systems, Ltd. in
US
▪ Material is a polyester, familiarly used for
beverage containers
▪ Certified under ANSI/NSF Standard 61,
international standards
15
PET Lining Installation
▪ Clean/scrape pipe interior surface to
verify free of obstructions and remove
sharp protrusions
▪ Insert small diameter plastic tube
▪ Expansion by heated water (190°F)
under pressure (30-40 psi)
▪ Connection of liner to end fittings
important
16
FINAL 4/28/2017
9
PET/Neofit® Applications Outside US
17
Outside Europe:
Australia, Japan: since 2004
Malaysia: since 2005
Europe:
France: 40,000 services (>300km)Netherlands, Belgium: 2,500 servicesGermany, Austria: since 2004Norway: since 2005
Source: Alferick and Elzink, 2010
PET/Neofit® Effectiveness
▪ Original demonstration installation in Louisville, KY
▪ Linings installed, service lines then abandoned in place
▪ Test conducted on buried lines 7.5 years after lining installation
18
FINAL 4/28/2017
10
PET/Neofit® Effectiveness
19
Ball, 2016, “Water Quality Sampling Results for
Neofit® Lined Lead Drinking Water Service Lines”
PET / Neofit Extended Lead Barrier Effectiveness Study
Address 10/8/2008 4/3/2016 4/5/2016 4/14/2016
Stagnation time Contact time
not recorded
8 hours 48 hours 8 hours
100 N. Birchwood Ave. 1.7 <1.0 <1.0
101 N. Birchwood Ave. 1.6 2.0 2.0
118 S. Birchwood Ave. 2.0 <1.0 <1.0
120 S. Birchwood Ave. 3.8 <1.0 <1.0
2520 Meadow Rd. * 1.6 15.0 10.0 <2.0
* Note: 4/3 and 4/5 sample events for 2520 Meadow determined to have
been contaminated by lead from original brass fitting. This fitting was
replaced for the 4/14/16 sampling event.
Epoxy Coating
▪ Fairly mature technology
▪ AWWA standard for epoxy coatings/linings – 1978
▪ Has been applied in North America primarily for rehabilitation of
indoor plumbing, typically in commercial establishments, hotels,
military bases and ships
▪ Leading manufacturers
▪ ePipe® by ACE DuraFlo® Systems, LLC
▪ Nu Flow® epoxy by Nu Flow Technologies/Aquam Corp.
▪ 40-60 year service life
20
FINAL 4/28/2017
11
e-Pipe® LSL Coating Experience▪ Specially developed epoxy formulation enables 2-hour cure time
and return to service
▪ Approved by UK Drinking Water Inspectorate, and by ANSI/NSF
Standard 61
▪ WRF project found product to be effective lead barrier, with no
significant release of coating materials (e.g., bis-phenols, BADGE)
▪ Specialized application process involves:▪ Access to both ends of pipe
(inside building and at water main)
▪ Blown in aluminum oxide to abrade pipe wall
▪ Epoxy injection as a slug, propelled with compressed air
▪ Curing with heated water21
e-Pipe® LSL Coating Experience – UK
Pre-coating test
(ppb)
Post-coating
test (ppb)
12 to 18 month
follow-up (ppb)
Average 1,131.3 2.6 1.5
Median 41.9 2.2 1.0
90th
percentile1,238.6 5.4 3.6
Note: Two pre-coating samples tested at 1,238.6 ppb and 19,500 ppb
22
▪ 176 lines coated in 2014
▪ 12 to 18 month follow-up results on 19 lead services
FINAL 4/28/2017
12
ePipe® Demonstration – Providence, RI
23
Polyurea/Polyurethane Coating
▪ AWWA standard for polyurethane coatings/linings – 1999
▪ Applied using SerlineTM process, by Aquam Corp.
▪ Serline process uses modified ureapolyurethane (3M ScotchkoteTM Rapid Setting
Polymeric Lining 166L)
▪ 4-hour set time
▪ ScotchkoteTM 166L is certified under UK
DWI standards
▪ Currently not certified under ANSI/NSF 61
24
FINAL 4/28/2017
13
Linings and Coatings – Advantages
▪ Less damage to landscaping, trees, sidewalks, driveways,
structures
▪ Less traffic disruption
▪ Reduced potential for damage to other underground utilities
▪ Potential cost savings
25
Linings and Coatings – Disadvantages
▪ Cover up (don’t remove) the problem
▪ How will we know if they fail?
▪ Leaching of trace constituents
▪ Not explicitly addressed in current regulations
▪ May not comply with future regulatory requirements
26
FINAL 4/28/2017
14
Summary and Conclusions
▪ Much stronger requirements for lead service line replacement are
inevitable
▪ Partial lead service line replacements are not particularly
effective – but obstacles to full lead service line replacement are
significant
▪ Current US regulations do not recognize lining and coatings as
acceptable alternatives to replacement
▪ Several lining and coating technologies are effective and offer
potential cost savings27
Summary and Conclusions (cont’d)
▪ Linings and coatings can play a role in meeting challenges of a
comprehensive lead service line replacement program
▪ Where replacement not technically feasible or practical, or cost
prohibitive, or not socially acceptable
▪ Education by manufacturers/contractors needed
▪ Advocacy by utilities important
28
FINAL 4/28/2017
15
Primary References
▪ “Applicability of PET-lining for the Renovation of Lead Service Lines”, KIWA report
10.0091.02, Mesman et al, 1995
▪ “Lead Pipe Rehabilitation and Replacement Techniques”, WRF Project #465,
Kirmeyer et al, 2000
▪ “Technology Based Solutions for Lead”, WRc Report No. P8537.05, Lynn et al, Feb
2012
▪ “Report of the Lead and Copper Rule Working Group to the National Drinking
Water Advisory Council”, Aug 2015
▪ “Evaluation of Lead Service Line Lining and Coating Technologies”, WRF Project
#4351, Randtke et al, Mar 2017
29
OBG PRESENTS:OBG | THERE’S A WAY
[email protected] | (315) 956-6287
FINAL 4/28/2017
16
Typical Water Service
31