DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
description
Transcript of DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
“Energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can
only be changed from one form to
another.” - Einstein
Bonds are formed through the removal of
water Chemical reaction in which two molecules are
joined covalently by the removal of -OH from one molecule and -H atom which makes water
OH + H → H2O
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide → Disaccharide + H2O
Lipids
1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids → Triglyceride + 3 H2O Proteins
2 Amino Acids → Dipeptide + H2O
Examples of dehydration synthesis in biomolecules
Bonds are broken through the addition of water Adding water splits the molecules into smaller units Splitting polymers into monomers Reverse reaction of dehydration synthesis
2 H2O →2 H2 + O2
HYDROLYSIS
Carbohydrates
Disaccharide + H2O → Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide
Lipids
Triglyceride + 3 H2O → 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Proteins
Dipeptide + H2O → 2 Amino Acids
Examples of hydrolysis in biomolecules
SYNTHESIS – BOND FORMS
HYDROLYSIS – BOND BREAKS
ATP : Energy & The Cell
Chapter 6
Organisms need energy to perform every task Cells also need energy for active transport &
to make molecules
What is energy?
The energy for cells is stored in the
chemical bonds of biomolecules such as carbohydrates and lipids
PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR CELLS is GLUCOSE
Energy for Cells
Glucose brings into the cells a large supply
of energy stored in its bonds
The energy is transferred from the glucose to where it is needed through the use of ATP
ATP = energy carrier molecule
GLUCOSE
ATP is the energy currency of the cell
ATP = Coins
Cell = Vending Machine
ATP
ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
FUNCTION OF ATPATP transfers energy from the
breakdown of glucose to cell processes
Functions like a rechargeable battery
FUNCTION OF ATP
HOW DOES ATP FUNCTION?
ADP + P + Energy ↔ ATP
ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
ATP is a universal energy-carrier molecule in all
cells
When ATP is converted to ADP and P, energy is released to run the cell’s activities
ADP has to be recharged to make ATP. It takes the P and energy it needs from glucose
ATP
ANIMATION : HYDROLYSIS
OF ATP
ANIMATION : SYNTHESIS
OF ATP