Cellular Response

Adaptive

Disturbances of growth

Inflammation and repair

Immune response

Non Adaptive

Degeneration

Neoplasia

Dysplasia

Necrosis

DEGENERATION

Degeneration:

It’s a structure and function changes in

the cells and intracellular substance

(C.T) due to mild and moderate injury,

not severe enough to cause cell death.

1- Cloudy swelling: Accumulation of water within the cells

caused by ATP.

2- Fatty changes: Pathological accumulation of excess

neutral fat in the cells.

3-A myloid degeneration(amyloidosis): Extracellular accumulation of amyloid (abnormal protein)

4-Hyaline degeneration: Microscopic change in the tissues

which become homogenous ,structure less & stain pink with eosin have a glassy appearance.

1- Cloudy swelling in kidney “Gross”:

The kidney are swollen due to entry of water , soft, bloodless and pale, the borders are rounded.

2- Cloudy swelling in kidney “Microscopic”:

Cells are swollen, conical in shape with fine red granular cytoplasm and normal nuclei, lumen of cell appear as star shape.

3- Fatty degeneration in liver “Gross”:

Pale Yellow color ,enlarged of size, soft and border round

4- Fatty degeneration in liver “Microscopic”:

-the cell swollen & show empty vacuoles in cytoplasm of cells .It is occupied by fat accumulation ,-the nuclei of cell are pushed by accumulated fat against the cell membrane ,And become flattened giving the cell a signet ring appearance

5- Fatty degeneration in liver “Microscopic”:

6- Amyloid degeneration in liver:

Homogenous pink a myloid deposit in:-The branches of the hepatic artery in the portal tracts which become thickened and narrowed.-B.M of sinusoids between lining endothelium and liver cells.

7- Amyloid degeneration in kidney “Gross”:

The kidney is enlarged, the cut surface is waxy with border shape & shows light brown dots caused by amyloid deposit

8- Amyloid degeneration in kidney “Micro” Early stage:

Homogenous pink a myeloid deposit in wall of the arteries. The wall appear thick and narrow lumen a myeloid deposit in the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries

9- Amyloid degeneration in kidney (Advanced stage):

Homogenous pink a myeloid deposit in:- wall of the arteries. It is appear thick and narrow lumen-the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries- the basement membrane of collecting tubules preventing waterr reabsorbing.

10- Hyaline degeneration in spleen:

Hyaline change affecting the central arterioles of the lymph follicles ,the C.T of it ,become structure less homogenous and pink with eosin and glass reflected material. The wall of arterioles become thick and narrowed lumens