10/31/13 Definition of TOK terminology/concepts

annphoto.edublogs.org/2010/06/15/definition-of-tok-terminologyconcepts/ 1/3

Ann's blogJust another Edublogs.org weblog

HomeAboutRSS

Getting startedThis sidebar explains how you can quickly get goingRead and then replace with Widgets (see below)

Uploading your avatarsAs an edublogs user you have a blog avatar and a user avatarUpload a blog avatar here and a user avatar here

Changing your headerGo to Presentation > Custom Image Header to upload and crop a new header image

Changing your sidebarsNow... configure your sidebars by visiting Presentation WidgetsSimply drag and drop the widgets you want to the sidebars you want them in

← 11/05/Tuesday 29/07/2010 →

Definition of TOK terminology/conceptsJune 15, 2010 by annphoto · No Comments · Uncategorized

Knowledge: knowledge as justified true belief

Propositional Knowledge: information; knowledge that something is, or is not, the case.

Objective Knowledge: knowledge considered as the collective property of a community, expressed in propositions.

Rational Knowledge: knowledge based upon open enquiry and subject to open debate and testing; as opposed to “protected” knowledge accepted on thebasis of authority.

Dogmatism: an attitude which demands that what is claimed as knowledge be accepted on authority and without criticism.

Belief: truth is an object requirement for knowledge and belief is a subjective requirement for it.

Faith: the faith is a kind of belief which is held with a strong emotional commitment and concerns things that have great significance to the believer.

Coherence Test for Truth: (although coherence may be a good negative test of truth, it doesn’t seem to be such a good positive test.) While coherencemay be a necessary condition for truth, it does not seem to be a sufficient one. (For eg. Although a work of fiction may be coherent, that does not make ittrue.)

Correspondence Test for Truth: A proposition is true if it corresponds with the facts, is false if it does not.

Pragmatic Test for Truth: A belief is true if it works.

Reason: Reason is one of the human mental faculties that are able to generate conclusions from assumptions or premises. (In other words, it is amongstother things the means by which rational beings propose (specific) reasons and it is particularly associated with human nature, that which is most uniqueand essential about human beings.)

Reasoning: the acquisition of new knowledge by the use of inference and the evaluation of evidence.

Logic: rational thinking; the analysis of the standards of rational thinking.

Inductive Logic: Inductive logic is the process of reasoning from the particular to the general.( Because inductive logic moves from the observed to the

10/31/13 Definition of TOK terminology/concepts

annphoto.edublogs.org/2010/06/15/definition-of-tok-terminologyconcepts/ 2/3

unobserved it goes beyond the immediate evidence of our sense perception. The premises of induction establish the truth of their conclusions only withsome degree of probability, and never with total certainty. The conclusion of an inductive argument is always liable to be overthrown by the occurrenceof a single contradictory instance.)

Deductive Logic: Any form of reasoning that moves from the general to the particular. (When the premises are true and the argument is valid theconclusion must be true, because the conclusion never goes beyond the premises. This is the strength of deductive logic.)

Rhetoric: Rhetoric is the art of using language to communicate effectively.

Argument: a set of propositions in which some (the premises) provide grounds for holding others (the conclusion).

Inference:

Premise:

Fallacy: is an argument that is not logically valid.

Conjecture: a conjecture, by contrast, is a hypothesis that seems to work, but has not been shown to be necessarily true.

Proof: a valid deductive argument with known true premises. ( In a proof a theorem is shown to follow logically from the relevant axioms(ж))

Analogy: a similarity between two things.

Perception: is the mental process by which we make sense of the stimuli we receive through our senses.

Delusion: a firmly-held mistaken belief.

Perceptual Relativism: the view that we cannot say what the world is really like, only how it appears to you or me.

Perceptual Skepticism: the view that we cannot say what the world is really like at all, since we can never get behind the appearances, or representations,it generates in our consciousness.

Perceptual Realism: the view that in general our senses provide us with genuine knowledge of the world.

Jargon: a specialist or technical vocabulary.

Connotation: is the web of associations that surrounds it. Its connotations vary from person to person.

Linguistic Determinism: is the idea that our thoughts are completely limited by our language.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: language determines our experience of reality, and we can see and think only what our language allows us to see and think.

Esperanto: A universal language-mixture of many.

Emotive Language:

Propaganda: organised persuasion by some group in which considerations of truth and rationality are subordinated to effectiveness of persuasion.

Intuition: a supposed mysterious faculty by which the mind apprehends knowledge directly other than through the senses or by the use of reason.

Instinct: an inborn, and therefore unlearned, capacity.

Ways of Knowing: language, perception, reason and emotion.

Areas of Knowledge: human science, natural science, art, mathematic, ethic

Authority: someone recognised to have considerable knowledge and expertise in a field, and so someone whose judgement will be reliable and capableof setting questions.

Paradox: from premises generally accepted as true, a conclusion is validly(Eü) deduced which is either self-contradictory or conflicts with ourprofoundly(+() held beliefs.

Objective: an explanation which accounts for something, regardless of whether, as a matter of fact, people find it intelligible or convincing.

Subjective:

Stereotype: a stereotype is a caricature which exaggerates(ôq) the negative features of a group and assumes they are possessed by all members of thegroup. (Furthermore, it is usually based on prejudice rather than fact and is difficult to change in the light f contrary evidence. For example, if a racistwho believes that all immigrants are lazy is shown an example of a hard-working immigrant, he will probably insist that the example is not typical, andquickly forget it.)

Superstition:

No Comments so far ↓

There are no comments yet...Kick things off by filling out the form below.

Leave a Comment

Name

10/31/13 Definition of TOK terminology/concepts

annphoto.edublogs.org/2010/06/15/definition-of-tok-terminologyconcepts/ 3/3

Mail

Website Only available to Edublogs users Create an Edublogs Account or login to include your Website or link when commenting.

Comment

Anti-spam*

To prove you are a person (not a spam script), type the security word shown in the picture.

Notify me of followup comments via e-mail

Submit

Latest PostsNatural SciencesSocial SciencesHistoryEthics29/07/2010

BlogrollEdublogs CampusEdublogs Help and SupportEdublogs.orgThe CampusThe Edublogger

ArchivesNovember 2010August 2010June 2010May 2010March 2010February 2010

MetaRegisterLog inCreate another blogEdublogs.orgEdublogs SupportEdublogs Campus

To search, type and hit enter

© 2013 Ann's blog — Sitemap — Cutline by Chris PearsonHosted by Edublogs.org