definition of Epidemiology
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Transcript of definition of Epidemiology
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Epidemiology
(Definition)
الوابئياتعمل تعريف
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At the end of this presentation the attendant is
expected to:
Define Epidemiology.
Identify the main issues in the definition.
Discuss the uses of Epidemiology.
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12/17/2014
Historical Aspects
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“Father of medicine”
Who in his Observations on Airs, Water and Places first suggested that:
human disease might be related to man’s environment.
Hippocrates
(BC 460-377)
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An acute observervation of
natural history of disease,
Hippocrates recognised
epidemics as mass
phenomena.
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He also:
differentiated between
epidemic and endemic disease.
Hippocrates
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NEXT STORY: John Snow &
Cholera
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Snow conducted his
classic study in
1854 when an
epidemic of cholera
developed in the
Golden Square of
London.
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He began his investigation
by determining in
this area persons with
cholera lived and worked.
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He then used
this information
to map the
distribution of
cases on what
epidemiologists
call a spot map
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Because Snow
believed that water
was a source of
infection for
cholera, he marked
the location of
water pumps on
his spot map,
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then looked for a
relationship
between the
distribution of
cholera case
households and
the location of
pumps.
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He noticed
that more case
households
clustered
around Pump
A,
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he concluded
that the pump
A was the most
likely source of
infection.
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Story continue…
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- The risk of death from cholera was
more than 5 times higher in districts
served only by the Southwark and
Vauxhall Company than in those
served only by the Lambeth
Company.
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Some of Significant words
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Definition
of
EpidemiologyDefinition of
Epidemiology
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Epidemiology is derived from the Greek,
Epi: On or upon.
Demos: people.
Logos : the study of
Epidemiology is the basic science
of Public Health
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Epidemiology has been defined by John M
Last in 1988 as:
“ The study of the distribution and
determinants of health related states or
events in specified populations, and the
application of this study to the control of
health problems”
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Two main areas are involved in the
Previous definition:
I. Study of the distribution of disease or health
status in the human population
Descriptive Epidemiology
Magnitude +Trend
sof
Health related
events
Measure
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II. study of the determinants or
underlying causes of disease.
Analytical Epidemiology
Two main areas are involved in the
Previous definition:
F A C T O R
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Aims of
Epidemiology
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Broadly, epidemiology has three main
aims:
I. To describe the
distribution and
size of disease
problems in
human
populations.
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Broadly, epidemiology has three main
aims:
II. To identify
aetiological
factors (or risk
factors) in the
pathogenesis
of disease.
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III. To provide the data essential to:
Broadly, epidemiology has three main aims:
Planning Implementatio
n
Evaluation
Health services ( Prevention , control and
treatment of disease)
• Setting up of priorities among those
services
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