Defining “Humanness”
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Transcript of Defining “Humanness”
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Defining “Humanness”An anthropological perspective
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Evolutionary Theories• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
created the first cohesive theory of evolution, whereby a chemical force drove organisms up a ladder of complexity
• Charles Darwin refined this theory into what is now considered the modern theory of evolution
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Natural Selection• Natural selection: The
gradual biological process whereby traits are passed through generations in order to allow species to better adapt to– and survive in– their environment
• Evolution: The gradual change in inherited biological characteristics, resulting in diversity among populations over successive generations.
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Main SpeciesArdipithecus Ramidus
• Aka “Ardi”• 4.4 million years old• Up to 4 feet tall,
100 pounds• Bipedal, but with
opposable toes to climb trees
• Most complete early hominid skeleton, even more complete than Lucy
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Main Species
Australopithecus Afarensis• Aka “Lucy”
• 3.9-2.9 million years old• About 3 feet tall• Bipedal
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Main Species
• 2.33-1.4 million years old
• Cranial capacity slightly less than half that of a modern human
• First to use crude stone tools
Homo Habilis
Homo Ergaster • 1.8-1.3 million
years old• Considered a direct
ancestor of…Homo Erectus • 1.8 million-300,
000 years old• Used stone tools
for cutting and chopping
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Main SpeciesHomo Heidelbergensis
• 600-400, 000 years old
• Used stone tools similar to Homo Erectus
• Direct ancestor of…
Homo Neanderthalensis
• Existed between 600- 350, 000 years ago• Evidence of
populations having existed until 24, 000 years ago
• Thought to have interbred with another contemporary species, contributing to the DNA of…
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Main Species
YOU!
Homo Sapiens• Anatomical modernity
about 200, 000 years ago
• Behavioural modernity about 50, 000 years ago
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Adapting to Our Changing Environment
Adaptations made 50, 000 years ago
• Developing language• Agriculture- Farming and animal husbandry• Social structures, living within a society• Building complex shelters, communities,
architecture• Using more complex tools, technology• Art, science• Faith, religion
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Thank You!