Defining Essential Biodiversity Variables
Transcript of Defining Essential Biodiversity Variables
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Defining Essential Biodiversity
Variables
Rob Jongman,
Wageningen UR, Alterra
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• Establish an AHTEG to develop a
monitoring framework - measure progress
towards the 2020 targets
• Invitation to GEO BON and its
constituency to prepare an evaluation of
existing observation capabilities relevant
to the Aichi targets, as input to the
AHTEG meeting
CBD-CoP decision in Nagoya
2
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1. Ecosystems
2. Species
3. Genes
4. Ecosystem services
Focal Areas
4
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• What is changing?
• Why is it changing?
• What are the impacts?
Basic Questions
5
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Data Area estimation Article 17 Reporting
Used methods Quality of data
good moderate Poor Total
Ground survey 421 415 72 908
Remote Sensing 27 236 31 294
Expert Opinion 22 407 457 886
Total 470 1058 560 2088
vandenBorre et al 2011
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EU-FP7 2012 Call:
• Develop a global system of in-situ marine
and terrestrial observations, integrated
with remote sensing measurements, for
the monitoring and assessment of global
biological resources.
• Reinforce cooperation between national
governments, supporting the development
of national BON’s in Europe.
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Essential Climate VariablesDomain GCOS Essential Climate Variables
Atmospheric
(over land, sea
and ice)
Surface: Air temperature, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour,
Pressure, Precipitation, Surface radiation budget.
Upper-air: Temperature, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour,
Cloud properties, Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance).
Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, and other long-lived
greenhouse gases, Ozone and Aerosol, supported by their
precursors.
Oceanic
Surface: Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level,
Sea state, Sea ice, Surface current, Ocean colour, Carbon dioxide
partial pressure, Ocean acidity, Phytoplankton.
Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon
dioxide partial pressure, Ocean acidity, Oxygen, Tracers.
Terrestrial
River discharge, Water use, Groundwater, Lakes, Snow cover,
Glaciers and ice caps, Ice sheets, Permafrost, Albedo, Land cover
(including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically
active radiation (FAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Above-ground
biomass, Soil carbon, Fire disturbance, Soil moisture.
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Framework for EBV observation
Direct (in situ) biological & ecological
monitoring
Remote sensing of ecosystems &
ecosystem attributes
Mapping of conservation actions
e.g. protected-area boundaries
Sources of primary
change observations
from the biodiversity
domain
Derived measures
(indicators) of
biodiversity
change
Population trends
of selected
species
Extinction-risk
indices
Loss of particular
habitat types
Coverage &
representativeness
of protected areas
Inferred state of
overall biodiversity
Inferred benefits
(ecosystem
services)
Life history
attributes,
population
structure etc
Mapped / modelled
patterns of biodiversity
distribution
Pressures from
other domains
(climate change,
pollution etc)
Land- or sea-use
(ecosystem
intactness) Structural &
functional
ecosystem
attributes
Pressure
State
Benefits
Response
Measures of change in:
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EBV domains+potential variables
Domain
GEO BON Candidates for Essential Biodiversity Variables
(incomplete)
(bold: potential contribution by RS observation)
Oceanic
Coastal: phytoplankton, wetland extent (GWOS), coral/temperate
reef extent, reef health, invasive species
Sea: selected fish population size, sea mount extent/health, krill
biomass, sea chlorophyll, plankton recording,
Terrestrial
Habitat type, habitat distribution, habitat extent, NDVI-
phenology, Leaf area index (LAI), Above-ground biomass, Soil
carbon, Soil moisture, landscape fragmentation, species
migration routes selected species number/distribution (birds,
butterflies, mammals, plants), species populations, invasive species,
Freshwater
Wetland extent (GWOS), habitat distribution, habitat extent,
river fragmentation, (fish migration barriers), water pulse in lakes
and rivers, river permanency, lake area, biological water quality, fish
populations distribution, invasive species, distribution of selected species,
Genetic Domestic animal and plant diversity, genetic population diversity,
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Observation requirements
• Scale: 400 m2 minimum size: pixel <20m2
• Observation of narrow linear elements (streams,
hedges, reefs, grass strips), different heights
• Frequency: weekly to seasonal
• Accuracy: high precision to detect early changes
• Access: easy and low cost access
• Capacity building for users (agencies, NGO’s)
• Link with in situ (ground truth, statistics, species)
• Data continuity for long term assessment
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Tasks
• Identify which variables are primary
measurements through in-situ, RS, conservation
actions)
• Identify which variables can be derived from
combining primary measurements
• Identify links to essential variables in other
disciplines (e.g. ECVs), which can be used to
develop derived EBVs
• Set up a formal, peer-reviewed process for
establishing, maintaining, and updating EBVs
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Development of EBVs
• GEO BON takes the lead in the coming year
• Cooperation with GOFC-GOLD and CEOS
• Cooperation with CSIRO, NASA and USGS
• Cooperation with other parties
• Expert workshops to be held in 2012 and 2013.
• GEO/GEOSS is considering adopting the
Essential Variable concept for all SBAs, to help
define the interactions between SBAs elements
• Next meeting: Spring 2012, ESA Frascati?