Defined: Molecule that stores genetic information Nucleotides: Three repeating units of nucleic...
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Transcript of Defined: Molecule that stores genetic information Nucleotides: Three repeating units of nucleic...
• Defined: Molecule that stores genetic information
• Nucleotides: Three repeating units of nucleic acids–1) Sugar–2) Phosphate Group–3) Nitrogen Base
• Millions of nucleotides per strand of DNA
• Sugar (Deoxyribose) connects with the phosphate group
• 4 Different Bases:– Adenine (A)– Thymine (T)– Guanine (G)– Cytosine (C)
• Rule: A always joins with T• Rule: C always joins with G• Human DNA: ~3 billion pairs
• James Watson and Francis Crick identified DNA’s structure in 1953
• Double Helix: spiral shape of DNA• Nucleotide strands are connected by a hydrogen bond
• Defined: Process of copying DNA
– During interphase (S-stage)
• Step 1: DNA Helicase “unzips” the two DNA strands (breaks the H bonds)
• Step 2: Free floating nucleotides (A, T, C, G) match up
• Step 3: DNA Polymerase reconnects the two strands
Step 1:
DNA Helicase “unzips” the two DNA strands (breaks the H bonds)
Step 2:Free floating nucleotides (A, T, C, G) match up
Step 3:DNA Polymerase reconnects the two strands
Both strands are identical
Both strands are a mix of old and new nucleotides
Video Clip
• Mutation: change in DNA sequence
• Mutations can be corrected– Enzyme “proofreads” DNA
and check/correct errors• Pre-repair: 1 in 10,000
nucleotides has an error• Post-repair: 1 in 1 billion
nucleotides has an error
enzyme
Kobe Kuiz• Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.
• Name the four nitrogen bases and how they pair with others.
• Fill in the missing DNA nucleotides:
A C ? T ? ? ? G C T ? ? A ? C ? T T
? ? C ? T A T ? ? ? C A ? G ? G ? ?
• List what takes place during the three stages of DNA replication.
• Where is the DNA mutation?
T A G G C C T G T C G A A C A G T
A T C C G G A C A A C T T G T C A