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DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES P. 94
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Transcript of DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES P. 94
DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES
P. 94
An observable property of matter that can be determined without
changing the substance.
Ex: color, density, luster, odor, BP, MP
HOW IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE DIFFERENT FROM A
CHEMICAL CHANGE?
P. 94
In a physical change, the substance remains chemically
identical. In a chemical change, a new substance is formed.
DEFINE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
P. 94
Properties that require a change in the chemical
makeup to observe.Ex: flammability
__________ __________, A RUSSIAN CHEMIST
PUBLISHED THE FIRST PERIODIC TABLE IN 1869.
P. 100
Dimitry Mendeleev
DEFINE PHYSICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT
LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
A change results in the same substance in the end.
Ex: ripping paper, changing states of matter
IN THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE, ELEMENTS ARE PLACED IN SEQUENCE
ACCORDING TO ______________________.
P. 102
Increasing atomic number
DEFINE CHEMICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
Changes that result in the formation of a new substance with
different propertiesex: burning a piece of paper, frying an egg, food spoiling
DEFINE PERIODS
P. 103
The horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Properties are NOT similar in periods.
DEFINE A GROUP (FAMILY) OF ELEMENTS.
P. 105
Family or group:•Same number of electrons in outer (valence) shell
•Similar chemical properties
Period:Same number of energy levels
IDENTIFY THE ATOMIC NUMBER AND THE AVERAGE
ATOMIC MASS OF THE ELEMENT BELOW
P. 104
7
N14.01
Atomic # is 7Atomic Mass is 14.01
STUDY YOUR PERIODIC TABLE – KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE
METALS, NON METAL AND METALLOIDS
-KNOW THE CHARGES ON THE ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 1A, 2A,
3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A
(NOTES)
+1 +2 +3 +/-4 -3 -2 -1 0
STUDY YOUR ELEMENT FLASH CARDS FROM 1ST
QUARTER OR THE CHART ON P. 97 IN YOUR BOOK
DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF A
METAL
(NOTES)
•Shiny 'metallic' appearance •Solids at room temperature (except mercury)
•High melting points •High densities
•Malleable •Ductile
•Thermal conductors •Electrical conductors
•Electron losers
What are the rules for correctly writing a chemical
symbol.
All have capital letters, some have a capital and a lowercase
letter
Describe the properties of a non metal.
•Poor thermal conductors •Poor electrical conductors
•Brittle solids •Little or no metallic luster
•Gain electrons easily •Most are gases at room temperature
•Vary in color
Using your periodic table, predict the formula for the compound formed from
a. C and F d. Al and S
b. Ca and Br e. Fe+2 and O
c. K and CL f. Fe+3 and O
CF4
CaBr2
KCl
Al2S3
FeOFe2O3
Describe the properties of a metalloid.
They have some properties of metals, some properties of
nonmetals
What is the name of a compound formed when
A. Fe+2 combines with OB. Fe+3 combines with O
P 35
Iron(II)Oxide
Iron(III)Oxide
Cation Anion Formula
Mg+2 OH –
NH+4 NO 3 -
Ca+2 PO4 -3
Cation Anion Formula
Mg+2 OH – Mg(OH)2
NH4+1 NO3 1 - NH4NO3
Ca+2 PO4 -3 Ca3(PO4)2
How does a balanced equation reflect the Law of Conservation of
Matter?
The number of individual atoms of elements on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms in the
product side
Matter can’t be created or destroyed
Name the seven diatomic elements and correctly write their
symbols.
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
2 H2O ___________
^ ____________label the subscript and the coefficient.
2 H2O Subscript
Coefficient
CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O
In the above equation, the reactants are found on the _________ side while the products are found on the _________ side of the equation.
In the above equation, the reactants are found on the
LEFT side while the products are found on the RIGHT side of
the equation.
In Chemistry, a _______ is defined as a unit for counting
atoms and molecules.
P 135
MOLE
Complete an atom inventory for the Equation below and use it to
balance the equation. ___ C3H8+ ___O2 ---> ____CO2 + __H2O
__ C3H8+ 5 O2 ---> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O3 C 38 H 8
10 O 6+4=10
There are _____ x _____ particles in one mole of any
substance (Avogadro’s number.)
P 135
There are 6.02x 1023 particles in one mole of any substance
Find the molar mass of : A. N2
B. C2 H22 O11
C. CuFeS2
N2 =14 x2= 28.0g/mole
C12H22O11=144 + 22+ 176=342g/mole
CuFeS2 =63.5+55.8+64.2= 183.5g/molr
Define renewable resources
P 145
Resources that are replenished readily by natural processes
ex: trees, animals, cotton
Determine the % composition of Cu in CuFeS2.
P. 140
63.55/183.54 x100%=34.62% Cu
Define nonrenewable resources.
P 145
Resources that are not easily replenished by nature, or take a long
time to replenishex: crude oil, natural gas, precious
metals
Describe the composition of a U.S. penny
A. Pre- 1982B. Post- 1982
*Review your shrinking it rich labP 96
Pre-1982=all CopperPost-1982= mainly Zinc with a
Copper coating
Define recycling
P 146
changing a product’s form to make a new product
ex: Al cans, glass
Bldg Skills # 5 p.121Answer questions 1 a, b, c and 2
a, b, c,
Define reusing
P 145
Using a product for the same use or another use before it is
discardedex: coffee can as a pencil cup,
2L bottle bird feeder
Define reducing P 145
Cutting down on the amount of material used
ex: reducing thickness of Al cans and car doors, double
sided dittos
A liquid is a state of matter that has definite ________ but no
______________________. It will take and
__________________________.
A liquid is a state of matter that has definite volume but no
definite shape. It will take on the shape of its container
What is a polyatomic ion ?P.33
A ion (charged) made up of many atoms
Define atomName the particles that make up an atom and their location in the
atom.P 32
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains that element’s properties
Proton=+1 charge, in the nucleusNeutron= 0charge, in the nucleusElectron=-1 charge, in the electron cloud around the nucleus
Describe a suspensionP 25
A heterogeneous mixture containing large particles that
settle to the bottom of a container.
Ex: Italian dressing
How is an ion different from an atom? P 32
An atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
(no overall charge)
An ion has lost or gained electrons to become electrically charged.
(+ or -)
Describe a colloidP 25
A heterogeneous mixture that has small particles that don’t settle out
of the mixture.
It shows the Tyndall effectex: milk
What is a cation? P 33
A positively charged ion resulting from a LOSS of
electrons
Describe a solutionP 25
A homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout, and appears as if it were one
substance. Ex: salt-water, cool-aid
What is an anion? Pg 33
A negatively charged ion that results from a GAIN of electrons
What is the Tyndall effect and through which type of mixture can you
observe it?
Pg. 25
Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by the particles in a mixture.
It determines a colloid
In a solution, the __________ is the
dissolving agent, and the __________ is the
dissolved substance.
Pg. 45
In a solution, the solvent is the dissolving agent,
and the solute is the dissolved substance.
Describe a polar molecule.
Pg. 51
A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons that gives the molecule + and –
charged regions
Practice making metric conversions. *Remember*
King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk.
Water is a polar substance/solvent. This
means that water will dissolve _______.
Pg. 59
Other polar or ionic substances
Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be considered to be
_________. This means that they will dissolve in a __________ solvent.
Pg. 59
Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be
considered to be NONPOLAR This means that they will dissolve in a NONPOLAR
solvent.
Two examples of polar substances that will dissolve
in water are ___________ and _____________.
Pg. 59
Rubbing alcohol and sugar
Two examples of non-polar substances are
____________ and gasoline.
Oil, kerosene, diesel
Likes dissolve __________.
Pg. 59
Like dissolves like
What is the difference between direct and indirect
water use?
Direct is seen water use.Ex: drinking water, bottles water,
washing your dishes
Indirect is unseen (behind the scenes) water use.
Ex: water to grow plants, water to cool machines in the creation of an
egg carton
How is the worlds water supply distributed around the
planet?
Pg. 16
OceansGlaciersGroundwaterLakesAtmosphereRivers
Nature’s water purification system is called the ________
__________.
Pg. 70
Hydrologic cycle or water cycle
Describe the hydrologic cycle.
Pg. 71
Four steps that repeat:Evaporation
CondensationPrecipitation
Runoff (Bacterial action and f)iltration
Review the pH scale on pg. 57
pH 1-7 =acidicpH 7= neutral
pH 7-14= basic
Explain the steps of the water treatment process.
Pg. 72-73
Screening-filtering
Pre-chlorination-kill bacteria
Flocculation-binds to particles
Settling-allow particles to settle out
Sand filtration-fine filtration
Post chlorination-prevent new bacteria
What are THM’s and the problem associated with
them?
Pg. 74
TrihalomethanesFormed by excessive chlorine
usage when they react with organic carbons
They cause cancer
Describe hard water.
Pg. 76
Water that contains Calcium, Iron, and Magnesium
What is gray water?
What is the formula for determining Density?
D= mass/volume
The density of H20 as a liquid is ________ and as a solid is
_________.
The density of H20 as a liquid is 1.00g/ml and as a solid is less
dense than its liquid
Practice reading a solubility curve.
Air is a mixture of gases. Name the major and minor
components of air and the % of these molecules present.
Air is a SOLUTION
N2 =78%O2 = 21%
Ar = less than 1% CO2 =less than 1%
Name the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the ground
up.
What are the properties of a gas?
Air has massAir has volume
Air exerts pressure in all directions
Air pressure goes from high to low
Define pressure and show the formula used to determine
pressure.
Pressure is force per unit of area
P= F/A
What is a force?
What is SI unit for measuring force?
Force is a Push or Pull
Newtons
What values represent standard pressure?
760mmHg, 14.7 psi, 1.0atm…
Explain the Kinetic Theory of Matter.
The motion of a gas is fast and random
The motion of molecules and the spacing between molecules determines the state of matter
Define temperature.
Temp is a measure of molecular motion, when measured in
Kelvin
What values represent (standard) temperature?
0 Celsius or 273 Kelvin
What is the SI unit for temperature?
273 Kelvin
According to Boyles Law, what is the relationship
between pressure and volume at a constant temperature?
Pressure and volume are INVERSELY related
How is Boyles Law stated mathematically?
P1V1 = P2V2
According to Charles Law, what is the relationship between volume and
temperature at a constant pressure?
Volume and temperature are DIRECTLY related
How is Charles Law stated mathematically?
P1/V1 = P2/V2
How is energy from the Sun transmitted to the Earth?
As Electromagnetic Radiation (EM)
Define photons.
Bundles of light energy
What is a wavelength?
Distance between repeating parts of a wave
Describe electromagnetic spectrum.
A range of waves that carry varying amounts of energy from
the sun.
Review the order of the electromagnetic spectrum
from highest energy to lowest energy.
GammaX-Ray
UVVisible
IRMicrowave
Radio
Define frequency
The number of waves that pass a certain point in a second
Name the four layers of the atmosphere.
Define greenhouse effect.
The trapping of IR radiation by the planet, allowing it to be re-
radiated after the sun goes down
The increases in the % of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere is due to what (two) factors?
DeforestationIndustrialization
Burning of fossil fuelsProduction of concrete
Acid rain is defined as _____________________.
Rain with a pH of below 7.
Produced through the combination of SOx with rain to
make sulfuric acid
Acid rain is caused by sulfur oxides (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). What is the
greatest producer ofA. SO2
B. NOx
Industry is the major cause of each
Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is
called the ________ layer which consists of gaseous
____________ (O3).
Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is
called the OZONE layer which consists of gaseous OZONE
(O3).