Defination List

7/26/2019 Defination List

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/defination-list 1/7

DEFINATION LIST (AS)

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

1) Vector quantites are one which has magnitude and direction.

2) Physic! "#$tities comprises a numerical, magnitude and units.

%EASU&E%ENT TECHNIQUE

') Errors are uncertainties in measured quantities.

) Systetic errors are errors of measurements which occurs according to

some *i+ ,tter$ and always o$e si-e-.

/) &$-o errors are errors with -i**ere$t 0$it#-e and si0$s in repeated

measurement.

) Precisio$ degree of scattering of the measurements about its mean value or

the number of digits from which a value is expressed.

) Acc#rcy the degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to its actual

(true) value. ..

3INE%ATICS

4) Dis,!cee$t(s) is refers to the !i$er -ist$ce of the position of the

moving object from a given reference point.

5) A6er0e s,ee-(u) refers to the total distance traveled over the total time

taken. Its a !calar quantity.

17)A6er0e 6e!ocity refers to the total displacement over the total time taken.

Its a vector quantity.

Constant-Acceleration Linear Motion

v = vο + a•t without x x = vο•t + ½•a•t² without v

v ² = vο² + 2•a• x without t

x = ½•( vο + v) •t without a

1



DYNA%IC

11)Ne8to$9s *irst !8:"very body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion

in a straight line unless a net external force acts on it to change that state.

12)Ne8to$9s seco$- !8: #he rate of change of momentum of a body is directly

proportional to the net force acting on it and takes place in the direction of the

force. Fnet = Σ F Ext = m•a

1')Ne8to$9s thir- !8: $hen two bodies interact, they exert equal and opposite

forces on one another.

1)I$erti is the reluctance of a body to change its state of rest or motion.

1/)The Pri$ci,!e o* Co$ser6tio$ o* %oe$t#:#he total momentum of a

system is constant, provided no external resultant force acts on it.

Linear Momentum

momentum = p = m•v = mass • velocity

momentum is conserved in all types of collisions

1)I,#!se is define as the ch$0e i$ oe$t# .

FO&CES

1)Ce$tre o* 0r6ity of a rigid body is define as the point through which its all

weight is considered to act.

14)Co#,!e is define as the pair of equal and oppositely directed parallel forces ,

whose lines of action do not coincide.

TORQUE= F × D( perpendicular distance)

15)Pri$ci,!e o* %oe$ts, which states that when an object is in equilibrium, the

sum of the clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of the

anticlockwise moments about the same point.

;O&3< ENE&=Y PO;E&

27)Pri$ci,!e o* co$ser6tio$ o* E$er0y can neither be created nor destroyed

in any process. It can be transformed from one form to another, and

2



transferred from one body to another, but the total amount remains constant.

21) ;or> is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force and the

component of the displacement in the direction of the force. W = F . Scosθ

22)I$ter$! e$er0y is the sum of the 3i$etic and Pote$ti! e$er0ies

associated with the random motion of the molecules and atoms within an

objects.

¿¿

E P¿

E K +∑ ¿

U =∑ ¿

∑ ¿

)

2')Po8er is defined as the rate at which work is done or rate of which energy is

transferred. P= FV =W

t

Other formulas: E K =1

2m v

2

, E p=m!

PHASES OF %ATTE&

2)De$sity of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume. "= # V

2/)Press#re is defined as the force acting normally, per unit area. P= F

$=!"

DEFO&%ATION OF SOLID

2)Hoo>es !8 states that within the limit of proportionality , the extension

produced in a material is directly proportional to the load applied.

%athematically F = K% ∧ E&ER'( STORED E=1

2 K %

2

=1

2 F%

2) Stress to be applied force per unit cross&sectional area. ) = F

$

24) Stri$ to be the ratio of extension to original length. *= %

+

3



25) Yo#$0 %o-#!#s to be the ratio of stress to strain. E=)

* '

F +

$ %

'7) D#cti!ity ability to deform under tensile stress this is often characteri*ed by

the material+s ability to be stretched into a wire.

'1) %!!e?i!ity: a similar property, is a material+s ability to deform under

compressive stress

'2)Stre$0th of a material is its ability to withstand an applied stress without

breaking. #he applied stress may be tensile, compressive, or shear.

'') Sti**$ess the resistance of a material to changes it shape.

') E!sticity the property of material that allow it to return to its original shape

si*e after force deforming it has been removed

'/) Hr-$ess the measure of difficulty of scratching a material. -iamonds arethe hardest known material.

;AVE

')Tr$s6erse 86es the displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the

direction of propagation of the wave.

') Lo$0it#-i$! 86es the displacement of the medium is parallel to the

propagation of the wave.'4) Pro0ressi6e 86e wave which transfers energy from one part of a

medium to another.

'5)Perio- the time required to complete a full cycle, # in seconds/cycle.

7)Fre"#e$cy the number of cycles per second, f in 0/seconds or 1ert* (1*).

1)A,!it#-e the maximum displacement from equilibrium position.

2);6e!e$0th distance between two adjacent points on the wavefront which

are in phase .

')Po!ristio$ 2rocess by which a waves oscillations are made to occur in one

plane only perpendicular to the direction of propagationof the wave. 3nly

experienced by transverse waves.

4

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/#c3








)Phse -i**ere$ce 2hase difference between 4 points (4 particles) along the

wave is the fraction of a cycle by which one moves behind the other.

/)I$te$sity of a wave (I) is defined as the ,o8er ,er #$it re.

= P

$ , - $

2

, - 1

d2

Other formulas: V =. 5, T =1

.

SUPE&POSITION

)Pri$ci,!e o* s#,er,ositio$ says that whenever two or more wave meets apoint.the total displacement at any point is equal to the vector sum of their

individual displacement at that point .

)Di**rctio$ #he bending of waves around corners that occurs when a portion

of a wavefront is cut off by a barrier or obstacle.

4)Cohere$t So#rces :!ources are said to be coherent if they have a constant

phase difference which necessarily implies that their frequencies must be the

same.

5)I$ter*ere$ce is the superposing of two or more waves to give a resultant

wave whose amplitude is given by the 2rinciple of superposition.

/7)Pth -i**ere$ce is defined as the differences in the distance traveled by two

waves meets a point.

/1) Di**rctio$ 0rti$0s are reali*ed as fine parallel and equally spaced

grooves or rulings on material surface. d sinθ=n 5

Other formulas:5 ¿

a%

D

ELECT&IC FIELD

5



/2)E!ectric *ie!- stre$0th E at point in an electric field is defined as electric

force per unit positive charge acting by the field at that point. E= F

Q=

V

d

/')E!ectric *ie!- is defined as the region where a charge particle experiences

force due to the field.

CU&&ENT ELECT&ICITY

/)C#rre$t (I) is a measure of the rte o* *!o8 o* e!ectric chr0e Q through a

given cross section of the conductor. =Q

t

//) Pote$ti! -i**ere$ce V between two points in a circuit or across a conductor

is defined as the energy converted from electrical energy to other form of

energy when unit charge passes from one point to the other. V =W

Q

/) &esist$ce 6 of a conductor is defined as the ratio of is the potential

difference across the conductor(7) and is the current (I)flowing in it. R=V

/)E!ectrooti6e *orce(e*) of any source of electrical energy is the amount of

other form of energy converted into electrical energy per unit charge

supplied. E= R+ r ,

Other formulas: P= 2

R= V =V

2

R

D.C CI&CUIT

/4)3irchho**@s First L8 8 #he 9urrent :aw t any junction (or branch point),

the total current entering the junction is equal to the total current leaving the

junction ∑ ¿=∑ OUT

6



/5) 3irchho**@s Seco$- L8 8 #he 7oltage :awIn any closed loop of a

circuit, the algebraic sum of the voltage drops across the resistors is equal to

the algebraic sum of the e.m.f.s. ∑ em. =∑ p/tential dr/p

NUCLEA& PHYSICS7)Isoto,es are atoms with the same proton number, but different in nucleon

number.

1)&-iocti6ity is a type of process experience by unstable nuclei become

stable by emitting energetic radiations.

7

Defination List

Documents

Transcript of Defination List