Defence and Global Security Energy · and Global Security Energy. Technologies for Information and...

6 & 7 mai 2008CEA presentation : organization and activities 1

Atomic Energy Commission

Defence and Global Security

Energy

Technologies for Information and Health

From atom to industry

Jean–Pierre Le Roux, Deputy CEO


Clear strategies

Technology development and transfer

Training and dissemination of knowledge

Defence and global security

Energy (low carbon)

TechnologiesFundamental

Researchfor informationand health


10,500 employees Budget: €1.9BN, including €840M in subsidies

Civilian CEA key figures

3,293 scientific publications in 2005 (ISI base)958 PhD students305 priority patents filed1250 delivered priority patents in portfolio 667 active partnership agreements with industries364 current licence agreements 100 spin-off start-ups created from the CEA since 1984Main shareholder of AREVA group

61,000 employees and €10.9BN in turnover(2006 data, unless otherwise specified)


CEA : Organization

4 Functional Divisions

National Institutefor NuclearSciences

and Techniques

4 Operational Divisions

Informationand systems management

Strategyand

ExternalRelations

RiskControl

HumanResources

andTrainingPhysical

Sciences

Nuclear

FundamentalResearch

TechnologicalResearch

Defence

LifeSciences

Alain BugatChairman and

Chief Executive Officer

Jean-Pierre Le Roux

Deputy CEO

High Commissionerfor Atomic Energy

Bernard Bigot

High Commissionerfor Atomic Energy

Bernard Bigot

General Management

5 Transverse Programmes NTE Security Materials Technologies for Health Nanosciences


MaterialsLe-Ripault, Valduc

Lasers and plasmas

Nuclear sciences, software technologies, high performance computing, biomedicine

Micro/NanotechnologyNanobiotechnology

CEA : local actor with the French Regions

Nuclear : Nuclear fuel cycle, wastemanagement ValrhoFusion, fissionCadarache

Cadarache

Valrho

Cesta

Le-Ripault Valduc

Fontenay aux Roses

Bruyères le ChâtelSaclay

Grenoble


Energy policy worldwide : new context, new challenges, new attitude

Safety of suppliesRise in the price of oil and gas

Sustainable developmentAwareness of the effects of global warmingLow carbon technologies

Public perception of nuclear power Convergence role for nuclear and renewable in the world energy mix

RelaunchRelaunch of civil of civil nuclearnuclear powerpowerIncreaseIncrease in R&D for in R&D for renewablerenewable energiesenergies


The energy mix in France

0

100

200

300

400

500 TWh

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

541TWh

Hydro

NuclearFossil

12%

78%

10%

Oil crisis 1973

Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) 1977

Unit 58 (Civaux 2) 1999

2005 : Nuclear : 78 % of total energy production Thermal : 12 %Hydraulic, wind and photovoltaic : 10 %


• Energy bill : 38.3 billion € in 2005, or 2.26% of GDP (5 % in 1981)

• Rate of energy independance : 49,8 % in 2005 (26 % in 1973)

French energy policy and nuclear power

• Electricity production covering all national requirements and enabling France to be the leading electricity exporter in the world

• A network of nuclear power stations that makes France the second producer of nuclear-generated electricity in the OECD after the United States

• 4th biggest energy consumer in the OECD (276.5 MTOE in 2005), France is only in the 27th place for CO2 emissions in relation to the GDP (2003, IEA)

• Competitive electricity for industry and for domestic consumers, characterised by stable prices


Nuclear

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Fossil Fuels

Renewable

H2

TODAY TomorrowEnergy mix balanced

Renewables

Possible evolution of energy mix in France


Low carbon energy technologies

CEA: • develop technologies that contribute to widening the choice of the future energy mix in France within the framework of sustainable development and securing supplies,

• contribute to maintaining the French nuclear industry’s leading position in the world: a major economic and technical challenge,

• implement a research strategy on NTE hydrogen and fuel cells, development of biomass, solar, photovoltaic and thermal energy sources,

• promote scientific excellence by ensuring national and international recognition of our teams,

• contribute to education and training in order to have the necessary skilled people available.


11 segments including 5 in Fundamental Research

35 %

2006 - 2015Fundamental Research in energy

Radiobiology – nuclear toxicology

Fundamental Research for industrial innovation

Nuclear technologies for health

and biotechnologies

Large-scale research facilities

The Medium & Long Term Plan (2006 - 2015)

Research on nuclear wastes

Optimisation of industrial nuclear use

Nuclear systems of the future

New Technologies for Energy (NTE)

Micronanotechnologies

Software and information system technologies

65 %

2 broad fields in civilian activitiesNon-greenhouse gas emitting energy

Technologies for information and health

Fundamental Research: a sustained effort for the duration of the plan


Support to the existing NPP, experimental and simulation tools

Support and optimize nuclear industry at the request of industrial partners

• Increase competitiveness of nuclear power generated electricity:- Extend life time of reactors and major components, increase

flexibility and plant availability, improve fuel performance• Improve Nuclear Power Plants safety

- Severe and basic accidents, periodic safety review- Optimize Spent fuel Reprocessing Technology: Reprocess

higher burn-up UOX fuels and other types of fuels, lower the costs and the environmental impact

Set up experimental facilities for tomorrow and develop simulation tools

• Development of the future generation of simulation tools– From the microscopic behavior to the technological

model (materials and mechanics, neutronics, fuel, thermal hydraulics)

• Updating nuclear experimental facilities– Research reactors (Osiris, Orphee, …) and Hot labs

(Atalante, LECI, LECA-Star..)

• Design and construction of the Jules Horowitz Reactor


Using the results of scientific work done within the framework of 1991 law and following a public debate (Sept 05 to Jan 06), on High Level Long Life Radioactive waste

A new waste management law (June 2006) :• a national plan on radioactive materials and radioactive waste

management (up-grading by Parliament every three years)• a R & D program with a time schedule to implement this plan• a step by step programme of HLLL waste management, including

3 complementary solutions :

– Partitioning-transmutation : R & D in the framework of Gen IV Systems (J. Chirac : prototype in 2020)

– Geological disposal for the final HL waste (operation in 2025)

– Intermediate storage for industrial flexibility

• A secured financing of radioactive waste management and R & D (Dedicated fund)

2006: A new waste management law


Future Nuclear Systems

Innovations in current systems- Prepare the Generation III reactor, EPR

- A matured concept based on experience feed back of current PWRs,

- Significant improvements in Safety- Studies of scenarios : research on plutonium and

minor actinide management involving various kind of reactors (fast and thermal reactors)

Le Le projetprojet EPREPR

Core meltspreading area

Double-wall containmentwith ventilation and filtration system

Containmentheat removalsystem

Four-trainredundancyfor main safeguardsystems

Inner refuelingwater storage tank

EPR

Le Le projetprojet EPREPR

Core meltspreading area

Double-wall containmentwith ventilation and filtration system

Containmentheat removalsystem

Four-trainredundancyfor main safeguardsystems



EPR

E.U.

Generation IV

The CEA is preparing the medium and long term future, providing innovations for nuclear power production systems and fuel cycle

Innovations for future systems (Generation IV initiative)-Prepare and assess new generations of future nuclear energy systems (reactor and fuel cycle) respecting five fundamental criteria :

. Economy and safety,

. Save natural resources (extract most of the fuel energy),

. minimize waste production (recycling and MA transmutation)

. reduce proliferation risks (Pu burning, closed cycle) -Include new applications such as hydrogen production and soft water production by desalinization


New Technologies for Energy

Hydrogen and fuel cells technologiesHydrogen production with a nuclear power plant

studiesHigh pressure hydrogen storagePEMC, SOFC and micro fuel cellsInnovative process for biofuel production

Solar cells technology• Silicon and polymer cells• Solar modules and systems

Energy storage and efficiencyNanomaterials for energy

Platforms• Sushypro (Cadarache) for H2 production• Paclab (Grenoble) for fuel cells• Ines (Chambery) for solar energy

Research targets: low greenhouse gas emissions for transports and housing


Fundamental Research in energy

• Controlled nuclear fusion: support of the Iter project • Contribute to understanding climatic variability and the impact of

human activities on climate• Build upstream research in the nuclear field• Sciences of matter: understanding major questions on matter and

universe

• Hosting of ITER project at Cadarache• Start of the LHC• Participation in GIS (Scientific Interest

Groups):– Climate, Environment and Society– “Physique des deux infinis”


Fundamental Research for industrial innovation

• Support research in the field of nanosciences, between physics, chemistry and biology

• Understand the properties of materials, crucial in the development of new technologies

• Maintain and develop CEA’s expertise in the field of cryomagnetics, accelerators and detectors

Participation in RTRA:

Triangle de la Physique (The Physics Triangle)

Nanosciences on the limits of nanoelectronics


Micro-nanotechnologies• Increasing importance of the Minatec centre, inaugurated mid 2006

• Development of micro and nanotechnologies activity in connection with the Minalogic “pôle de compétitivité”

• “Label Carnot” obtained in 2006

• Microelectronics:– CMOS processes and devices in the framework of

the “Nanotec 300” programme, in collaboration with STM

– Advanced materials: “Nanosmart” Programme with SOITEC

– Post-Cmos technologies• Microsystems: Technologies and components for IR

imaging, integrated magnetic and passive components, micro sensors for industry and defence

• Biology and health systems: Integrated sensors for digital X and gamma-ray imaging, biochips

• Telecoms and communicating objects: Architectures and components for nomadic electronics


Software and information system technologies

• Implementation of “Digiteo labs” cluster in partnership with the Inria, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Supelec, University of Paris XI

• “Label Carnot” obtained in 2006 • The CEA is a founding member of the Digiteo RTRA

(launched in October 2006)

• On-board and interactive systems– Innovative hardware and software architectures– Smart man-machine interactions

• Captors and signal processing– Development of smart sensors– Ionising radiation metrology (activity and

dose): Henri Becquerel National Laboratory

To become, at Saclay, one of the leading European centres for research in software and information system technologies


Radiobiology-nuclear toxicology

Coordination of radiobiological research since 1995– Integrated Risc-Rad project (FP6 Euratom, 29 partners,

11 countries) in the field of radiobiology and low doses

Coordination of the Nuclear Environmental Toxicology programme

– With CNRS, Inserm, Inra and the Universities, since 2004 – 200 people x year –> 400 publications– Contributed to relaunching studies on toxicology at a

national level

• Effects of ionising radiation in humans– Characterise elements of response (including molecular and cellular level)– Identify exposure markers and individual radiosensitivity– Assess pathological risks and therapeutic possibilities (including cancer)– Study genetic risks for future generations

• Toxic effects of elements used in nuclear research and industry– Define incorporation ways of nuclear toxins into living organisms– Evaluate modes of action of toxins and tolerance/detoxification

• Participation in international committees on radioprotection regulations


Nuclear-based technologies for health and biotechnologies

• Biomedical Imaging (in vivo)– New imaging tools and methods– Imaging of cognitive processes; nuclear medicine; tools for

developing new drugs • Micro & nano-technologies applied to health (in vitro)

– New global analysis methods (bio-analysis tools, biochips)– New labelling strategies (development and improvement)– Properties of Biomolecules (optimisation)– High performance tools for structural studies

Cancéropôle (Cancer Research Centre) and Neuropôle(Neurological Research Centre) in the Ile-de-France region Coordination of the Emil network of excellence in molecular oncology imagingGenopole® National Network of Genetic Resarch Centres (Evry and Rhône-Alpes).3 Thematic applied research networks and 3 thematic research and care networksIseult/Inumac: Franco-German R&D project for the development of high magnetic field molecular imaging (AII) Partnership for Structural Biology, new methods for innovative medicine

Develop technologies for health from nuclear-based resources


Defence and security

Nuclear reactors for shipsDesign and maintain nuclear reactors for nuclear powered ships in the French navy: submarines) and the “Charles de Gaulle” Carrier Vessel Nuclear The RES (prototype test reactor ) is under construction at Cadarache (storage pool available since 2005 and the divergence of the reactor is scheduled for 2010)

Fight against proliferation and BRNC TerrorismCEA is involved in ensuring compliance with the Non Proliferation Treaty and Comprehensive Nuclear Tests Ban Treaty Organization implementations CEA coordinates the interministerial programme to minimize terrorist threats (nuclear, radiological, biological and chemical threats) since 2005 with Institut Pasteur, Inra, IRSN, etc.

• Sustainability of nuclear deterrenceguarantee the reliability and safety of nuclear warheads through simulation :

• development of detailed physical models• construction of new facilities for validation of

numerical models Tera 10 Supercomputer, AIRIX X- ray machine, Megajoule Laser facility (LMJ)


Very Large Research Facilities

• Key events:– Inauguration of the Soleil synchrotron (end of 2006) – Upgrade of the Orphée reactor from 2010 – Construction of Spiral 2 (commissioning in 2010) Caen

GANILSOLEIL

ESRF

ILLGrenoble

SaclayCaen

ORPHEE-LLB

Participation to the construction, operation and funding of a few national and international large infrastructures


Education and trainingCEA is strongly involved in education and training :

1,200 researchers-lecturers and experts are involved in teaching within higher educationschools and Universities

INSTN (Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires) created in 1956 jointly with the french Ministery of researchand higher education:

Nuclear energeering « Génie atomique »,qualified to award 26 master’s degree specialisations an 3 professional degreeprogrammesEuropean projects: ENETRAP (radioprotection), EMIL (molecular imaging), NEPTUNO (Nuclear European Platform of Training and UNiversityOrganisations)Training courses: standard and specific (dismantling, reactors, safety, neutronics, waste management, …)Seminars and Summer schools,Doctoral programs.

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