INDEX

Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone, 668Acoustic

anisotropy, 59, 585basement, 86, 639impedance, computation of, 625, Site 398, 63

pseudologs, 623stratigraphy, 91, 639

Site 398, 761unit 3, nature of, 86velocity, 585

Age of opening of North Atlantic, 28Agglutinated foraminifers, 290, 294, 691

residual, 292Algerianus Zone (Mci 21), foraminifers, 291Alkalinity, 578Alteration indexes, 543Ammonites, 56, 75, 290, 297

Douvilleiceras mammilatum Zone, 362Euhoplites lautus Zone, 362

loricatus Zone, 362Hoplites dentatus Zone, 362Lower Cretaceous, 361systematic descriptions, 362

Amorphous kerogen, 550Ampere Bank, 659Angola Basin, 575, 735Angular unconformity, 56, 93Anistropy, degree of cementation, relationship to, 585Anomaly / , 639

MO, 63934, 95, 766

Anoxic conditions, 56Antarctic bottom water, formation of, 511Antarctica, ice formation on, 441Anticlines, diapiric, 636Aptychus, 297, 404Argo Formation, 28Assemblage-lithofacies relationship, lithologic sub-unit

Illb, 308Sub-unit Ilia, 306

Ila, 300lie, 303lid, 304IVa, 309IVb, 310

Unit V, 311Atlantic, opening of, 667

Siliceous reproductivity, 49subsidence and opening of, 674

Attapulgite, 52, 56formation of, 437

Authorship, responsibility for, 5Autochronous facies, 48Azores-Gibraltar line, 768

Background and objectives, Site 398, 26Bacterial, sulfate reduction, 733

activity, 44Base-of-slope province, 374Basement, 639Basins and Site 398, correlation between regional, 647Bedoulian group, 290Bejaouaennsis Zone (MCi 23), 292Belemnites, 55, 297Benthic, foraminifers, 729

assemblages, 293residual, 290, 293, 295

Betic system, 658Biogenic activity, indexes of organic matter, 419

minerals, Lower Cretaceous sediments, 686Biostratigraphy, 69

Cenozoic foraminifers, 69, 255Lower Cretaceous, 688nannofossils, 327

Bioturbation: See Burrowsevidence for, 258

Bitumen content, Hole 397 sediments, 543Black shale deposition, 30, 55, 56, 405, 437, 665, 667

719analysis of, 472organic matter in, 719

Block-faulting, 93Bottom currents, 375, 380

temperatures, 511water, formation of, Antarctic, 511waters, low-oxygen conditions, 728

Bottom-current activity, 48, 729Bouma sequences, 53Broinsonia parca Zone, defined, 331Burial depth and carbonate content, sound velocity re-

lationship to, 646Burrows, 41, 42, 54, 258, 419, 729

Chondrites, 36, 51, 381Helminthoides, 381Mycellia, 36, 381Zoophycos, 37, 51, 381

Chiatozygus litterarius Zone, 76Cabri Zone (Mci 19), 291Calcicalithina oblongata Zone, defined, 330, 76Calcite, origin of, 435

compensation depth, 385Calcium carbonate content, relationship to reflectors,

590Calpionellids, 289Campanian-Cenomanian hiatus, 51, 534Campanian/Maestrichtian boundary, 77Cape Basin, 553, 575Carbon, Hole 398D, geochemistry of, 554

Holes 397 and 397A, Geochemistry of, 553

777

isotope event, 489isotope data, 48913 data, isotopic unit, 50914, isotopes from bulk carbonate samples, 493Lithologic unit 1, geochemistry of, 554

2, geochemistry of, 5553, geochemistry of, 5554, geochemistry of, 561

Carbon-carbonate analyses, 16, 65Carbon-oxygen isotopes, effect of diagenesis on, 493Carbon-13 values, Cretaceous-Tertiary transition,

change in, 494post-Eocene, 494

Carbonate bomb data, 13compensation depth, 244, 297, 299content, 535

sound velocity, relationship to burial depthand, 646

cycles, 385preservation, 45samples, oxygen 18 and carbon 14, isotopes, 493sedimentation and diagenesis, 732

Carbonification level, 695Catagenesis, primary, 719Catinaster coalithus Zone, defined, 358Cementation, relationship to anistropy, 585Cenomanian transgression, 636, 674

section, Site 398D, 404Cenomanian/Campanian unconformity, 527Cenozoic compressional movements, 675

foraminifers, biostratigraphy, 675nannofossils, 72objectives, 31paleotemperatures, Site 398, 507palynology, 74sedimentary evolution, 48structural evolution, 651sediments, diagenesis, 44sequence, 44worldwide cooling, 441Ceratolithus tricorniculatus Zone, defined, 359Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone, 95, 768Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, defined, 72, 331

oamaruensis Zone, defined, 353Chiastozygus litterarius Zone, defined, 74, 330Chiphragmalithus alatus Zone, defined, 72, 352Chloroform extracts, 517Chlorophyll diagenesis, 571Chondrites, burrows, 36, 51, 381Chronostratigraphy, 289

foraminifers, 237Circulation changes, North Atlantic, 31Clay content, compressional velocity, relationship to,

589Climatic and eustatic oscillations, 389

indicator, smectite, 441oscillations, cyclic sedimentation as a result of, 48

Clinoptilolite, origin of, 438Compressional movements, Cenozoic, 675

stresses, 636velocity, relationship to clay content, 589wave velocities as a function of pressure, 587

Computation of acoustic impedances, 625Condensed sedimentation, 294Continental blocks, subsidence of, 93Continental deposits, 636

fragmentation, geometry of initial, 28margin, tectonic setting, West Iberia, 753

of Iberia, dominant structural trends, 753margins, history of, 30

mechanisms to explain, formation and, evolu-tion of, 768

rise province of passive margins, 374Contourite, 381Convoluted bedding, 53Cooling, Cenozoic worldwide, 441Copper porphyrin, 573Core temperature, effect on velocity measurements,585Correlation between regional basins and Site 398, 647

of lithology with acoustics, Formation la, 647lb, 6473, 6474, 647

reflection profiles with, drilling results, 80Correspondence analysis, aim of, 469Cretaceous, Black shales, 719

foraminifers, 74, 289magnetic quiet zone, 766nannofossils, 76, 77, 329palynofacies, 453petroleum-generating capability of, 533Sedimentary environments, Site 398, 719quiet zone, 639sediments, lipid geochemistry of, 567

nature and, origin of organic content, 529sapropelic, 529

shales, geochemistry, 513mineral carbon, 513organic carbon, 514

petrography, 523Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 44

paleotemperature trends, 477transition, change in carbon-13 values, 494

Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary, foraminifers, 69Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, nannofossils, 77Cretahabdulus crenulatus Zone, 74Cristobalite, origin of, 438Cross-laminations, 53Cruciellipsis curvillieri Zone, 76

defined, 330Cruciplacolithus tennis Zone, defined, 72, 331Current deposition, 646Cyclic association, 385

bedding, rhythmic and, 48sedimentation, 387

as a result of, climatic oscillations, 48Dark shales, 292, 297, 299, 302, 305

778

Debris flow, 48, 51, 53, 55, 384, 548deposits, 35, 388sedimentary structures, 411

Deep oceanic circulation, 674Deep-sea fan, 53, 405,

environment, graded sequences, 405Degree of cementation, relationship to anisotropy, 585Delta systems, 56, 724Deltaic progradation, 53Demagnetization, 602Diagenesis, carbonate sedimentation and, 732

Cenozoic sediments, 44carbon-oxygen isotopes, effect of, 493

Diagenetic modification, bearing on isotope data, 488trends, oxygen-isotopic composition, 477

Diapiric, anticlines, 636Diaprisim, 665

salt, 764Dictyomitra somphedia Zone, 688Differential pelagic settling, 377Dilution, 380Discoaster asymmetricus Zone, defined, 73, 74, 359

binodosus Zone, defined, 349brouweri Zone, defined, 359calcaris Zone, defined, 73, 358druggi Zone, defined, 358exilis Zone, defined, 73, 358hamatus Zone, defined, 358kugleri Zone, defined, 73, 358lodoensis zone, defined, 72, 349mohleri Zone, defined, 349multiradiatus Zone, defined, 72, 349nodifer Zone, defined, 72, 352pentaradiatus Zone, defined, 359quinqueramus Zone, defined, 73, 359saipanensis Zone, defined, 352sublodoensis Zone, defined, 72, 349surculus Zone, defined, 73, 359

Discontinuity, 421Dispersed organic matter (DOM), geochemistry of, 695Dissolution, 289, 380, 381

effect on isotopic signal, 507foraminifers, 255, 297

Distal-type, graded units, 384Doukala Formation, 28Douvilleiceras mammilatum Zone, 362Downhole measurements, 80Drilling results, correlation of reflection profiles with,

80characteristics, Site 398, 5, 63deviation, effect on paleomagnetic results, 604operations, 32

DPEP/etio ratio, 573Early Cretaceous, nannofossils, 76

Cretaceous rifting, 649tension tectonics, 666

Cretaceous-early Miocene unconformity, 533Cretaceous-Miocene unconformity, 535evolution, North America, tensional episode, 93

Ecostratigraphic units, 297Ecostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous formations, 296

Edgari Zone, 79Eiffelithus turriseiffeli Zone, 76

defined, 330Ellipsolithus macellus Zone, defined, 349Emiliania huxleyi Zone, defined, 359Environmental conditions, reducing, 667Environments, changes in, 658Eocene, foraminifers, 71

nannofossils, 72paleotemperatures, 74reverse faults, 651sedimentary hiatus, 242

Eocene/Oligocene boundary, nannofossils, 73transition, 511

Ericsonia subdisticha Zone, defined, 353Erosion, Formation 1, 646Erosional surfaces, depth of, 653Etio series, 573Eugubina Zone, 296Euhoplites lautus Zone, 362

loricatus Zone, 362Eustatic oscillations, 389Evaporites, 93, 735Evaporitic sediments, 636

series, 93Evolution of Continental margins, mechanisms to ex-

plain, 768facies, 387paleotemperatures, 508

Exinitic palynofacies, 454Expansion, oceanic, 658Facies association, 385

units, 388Faeroe-Shetland shelf, 57Fan-shaped sedimentary features, 94Fasciculithus tympaniformis Zone, 72

defined, 349Faulted blocks, 93Faults, 658

reverse, 671strike-slip, 757

Ferreolensis Zone (Mci 20), 291Fibrous clays, origin of, 435Flame structures, 42, 46Flaser lamination, 46

structure, 41Fluorescence analyses, 69Foraminiferal lysocline, 45Foraminifers, agglutinated, 290, 294, 691

Algerianus Zone (Mci 21), 291Assemblages, classification of, 287Bedoulian group, 290Bejaouaennsis Zone (Mci 23), 292benthic, 729

assemblages, 293residual, 295

biostratigraphy, 237, 255Cenozoic, 69chronostratigraphy, 237Cretaceous, 74, 289Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary, 69

779

dissolution, 255, 297, 374Edgari Zone, 79Eocene, 71Ferreolensis Zone (Mci 20), 291Globigerinatheka subconglobata Zone, 242Globigerina angulisuturalis Zone, 71, 242

eugubina Zone, 237Globigerinatheka zonal marker, 71globorotalia angulata Zone, 69

aragonensis Zone, 241cerroazulensis Zone, 242edgari Zone, 71, 241formosa formosa Zone, 71, 241opima opima Zone, 71pseudobulloides Zone, 69, 237pseudomenardii Zone, 69, 240pusilla pusilla Zone, 69, 240subbotinae Zone, 71, 241trinidadensis Zone, 69, 237unicata Zone, 69velascoensis Zone, 240

Late Cretaceous, 75Mamillatum Zone, 75Mesozoic, 74Mci 13/Mci 14 boundary, 290

15/Mci 16 boundary, 29024 Mci 25 boundary, 75, 29325/Mci 26 boundary, 29326/Mci 27 boundary, 293

M PI 6 Zone, 72Miocene, 71Oligocene, 71Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, 242Paleocene, 69Pleistocene, 72Pliocene, 72residual assemblages, 290, 294reworked, 289, 292taxonomical notes, 263Trochoidea Zone, (Mci 22) 75, 292Truncatulinoides rohri Zone, 242Zone Mci 22, 292

23, 292M PI 1-Sphaeroidinellopsis Acme Zone, 258MP12, 258, 261, 262M PI 3, 261, 262MP14, 261, 263M PI 5, 261, 263M PI 6, 261, 262, 263N.10, 262N.10/N.11, 259N.11/N.12, 259N.12, 260, 262N.13, 259, 260, 262N.15, 260N.16, 260, 262N.17, 26ρ, 262N.22, 72, 262, 263N.4, 262N.6, 71, 259, 262N.7, 259

N.8, 259, 262N.9, 262N.9/N.11,259

Formation 1, 641erosion, 646sedimentary ridge, 646

la, correlation of with acoustics, 647lb, correlation of with acoustics, 6472, 6413, 640

correlation of with acoustics, 6474, 639, 647

Fractures, 649Fusainization, 695Galicia Bank, 26, 633, 665, 757, 770

shallow-water deposition, 647structural evolution of, 654

Gartnerago obliquum Zone, defined, 331Gault formations, 293Gelinite, 527Geochemical measurements, 16Geochemistry carbon 553, Cretaceous shales, 513

and mineralogy, Zone1, 4342, 4343,4344, 4345,4347, 4328,4329, 432

dispersed organic matter (DOM), 695of carbon, Hole 398D, 554

Holes 397 and 397A, 553lithologic Unit 1, 554

2, 5553, 5554, 561

sediments, Site 398, 63Geophysical data, underway, 613Geothermal gradient, 527Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, defined, 359Globierinatheka subconglobata Zone, 242Globigerina ampliapertura Zone, 242

angulisuturalis Zone, 71, 242eugubina Zone, 69, 237

Globigerinatheka zonal marker, 71Globorotalia angulata Zone, 69

aragonensis Zone, 241cerroazulensis Zone, 242edgari Zone, 71, 241formosa formosa Zone, 71opima opima Zone, 71pseudobulloides Zone, 237pseudomenardii Zone, 69, 240pusilla pusilla Zone, 69, 240subbotinae Zone, 71, 241trinidadensis Zone, 69, 237unicata Zone, 69velascoensis Zone, 240

Gorringe Bank, 659

780

Graben-type Subsidence, 768Grabens, 93, 649, 665, 666

evidence for formation of, 666filling of, 667Triassic, 658

Grading, normal, 47reverse, 47sequences, 666

Grain-size analyses, 16GRAPE, gravimetric density and porosity, Site 398,

comparison between, 59data, methods, 16scane technique, 588

Gravimetric chunk technique, 588data, methods, 16density and porosity, Site 398, comparison be-

tween, 59syringe technique, 588

Greigite, 562Gypsum, 51, 667

crystals, 56, 432Half graben, 754Hauterivian to Cenomanian section, Site 398D, major

sediment intervals, 404Heat flow, 80Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta Zone, defined, 358

reticulata Zone, defined, 353Heliolithus kleinpelli Zone, defined, 349Helminthoides, 381Hematite, magnetization, 604Hercynian Range, 633Heulandite, 685Hole 397 sediments, bitumen content, 543

397A, organic carbon, 543398C, sediments, iron concentration, 501

manganese concentrations, 497oxygen isotopes, 497strontium concentrations, 497

398D, foraminifers biostratigraphy, 237geochemistry of, carbon, 554hydrocarbons, 561paleoenvironment, reconstruction of, 405sediment accumulation rate, 244

Holes 397 and 397A, geochemistry of, carbon, 553Hoplites dentatus Zone, 362Horst, structures, 91, 665, 754Humic coal facies, 529

components, 517organic matter, 534

recycled, 535Humocollinnite, 529Hydrobiont lipids, 719Hydrocarbon analyses, 69

generation, 527source rock potential, 527

Hydrocarbons, 695Hole 398D, 561

Hydrogen index, 514Iberia-Newfoundland seaway, 57

Iberian continental margin, 547margin, tectonics and, sedimentation, 665Abyssal Plain, 633, 671

Ice formation on Antarctica, 441Illite/montmorillonite ratio, 687Inclined bedding and progradation, Unit I, 646Inertinite, source of, 550Inoceramus, 297, 404Inorganic components, lithologic Unit I, 298

Ha, 300Sub-unit lie, 303

lid, 304Ilia, 306Illb, 308IVa, 309IVb, 310

Insoluble organic matter, 543Interstitial water, chemistry, Site 398, 63

manganese in, 578potassium in, 578strontium in, 578studies, 577

Interval 1, organic geochemistry, 5142, organic geochemistry, 5143, organic geochemistry, 5144, organic geochemistry, 514

Iron concentration, Hole 398C sediments, 501Ismolithus recurvus Zone, 72Isotope data, diagenetic modification bearing on, 488Isotopes from bulk carbonate samples, oxygen 18 and

carbon 14, 493Isotopic analyses, methods, 477

results of, 479signal, dissolution effect on, 507

recrystallization, effect on, 507unit, Carbon 13 data, 509

I Paleocene-Eocene, 508II, Oligocene-Miocene sediments, 509III, Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, 511

units, 508Isthmolithus recurvus Zone, defined, 353/-anomaly, 94Jurassic facies, 647Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tensional episode, 766Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary, 665Kaolinite, 435Kelvin Seamount, 658Kerogen, 543

fraction, 517maturity, 533, 536

Site 398 sediments, 535Site 397, 535

to petroleum thermal conversion, 547type, Site 398, 535types, 514

Ketones, 567Key reflectors, identification of, 82King's Trough, 96, 768Labrador Biscay Faults, 93

781

Laminae, truncated, 46Laminations, sedimentary structures, 404Leg 47 sediments, petroleum-generating potential, 547Lepisphere structure, 438Limestone, shallow-water, 52Lipid geochemistry of Cretaceous sediments, 567Liptinite, 550Lithologic units, 35

geochemistry of, carbon, 554inorganic components, 298

2, geochemistry of, carbon, 5553, geochemistry of, carbon, 554, geochemistry of, carbon, 5615, 665Subunit la, 35

Ha, assemblage-lithofades relationships, 300organogenic components, 299

lib, organogenic components, 301lie, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 303

inorganic components, 303organogenic components, 302

lid, organogenic components, 304Ilia, inorganic components, 306

organogenic components, 305Illb, assemblage-lithofacies relationship, 308IVa, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 309

inorganic components, 309organogenic components, 309

IVb, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 310inorganic components, 310organic components, 310

Unit I, lithofacies relationships, 298II, sediment accumulation rate, 299V, assemblage-lithofacies relationships, 311

inorganic components, 311organogenic components, 311

Unit 1, 666,6832, 666,6833, 666, 6854, 665

Lithosphere, thermal contraction of, 768Lithostratigraphy, 34Lithoterms, 287Lithraphidites alatus Zone, defined, 330

quadratus Zone, defined, 77, 331Low-angle repetitive microfaults, 46Low-oxygen conditions, bottom waters, 728Lower Cretaceous, Ammonoidea, 361

biostratigraphy, 688sediments, biogenic minerals, 686

terrigenous minerals, 685Lysocline, 244M-0 anomalies, 95Mackinawite, 562Macrofauna, 300Macrofossils, 666

Ammonites, 75, 290, 297Aptychus, 297, 404Belemnites, 55, 247Inoceramus, 297, 404Rhyncholites, 297

Maestrichtian time, North Atlantic widening of, 439Magnetic data, North Atlantic, 764

inclinations, 607stratigraphy, Site 398, 606

Magnetization, hematite, 604Main acoustic units, identification of, 85Major sediment intervals, Hauterivian to Cenomanian

section, Site 398D, 404Mamillatum Zone, 75Manganese, 686

concentration, Hole 398C, 497interstitial water, 578

Margin, subsidence of the, 667Markalius inversus Zone, defined, 72, 331Marthasterites furcatus Zone, 74

defined, 331contortus Zone, 72

defined, 349tribrachiatus Zone, defined, 349

Mass-gravity sediments, 384Maturity, organic matter, 527, 548Mci 13/Mci 14 boundary, 290

15/Mci 16 boundary, 29024/Mci 25 boundary, 75

Meguma Formation, 28Mesogean realm, 93Mesozoic

climatic events, 31deposits, 50foraminifers, 74nannofossils, 76objectives, Site 398, 29palynology, 78palynostratigraphy, 77sedimentation rates, 54, 55structural and sedimentary evolution during the, 649tectonic and sedimentary evolution, 54

Metamorphic rocks, 646Methodology, optical study of organic matter, 529Micrinitic, palynofacies, 454Microcross-lamination, 46Microfaults, 41, 381

low-angle repetitive, 46Micula mura Zone, defined, 77, 331

staurophora Zone, defined, 331Mineral carbon, Cretaceous shales, 513

composition, Sub-unit 1C, 41Mineralogy

Zone, 4341,4342,4343,4344,4345, 4347,4328,4329,432

Miocene foraminifers, 71Mud flow, 35, 48, 384

turbidites, 385units, 51

782

Mycellia, 36, 381Nannofossils, Calcareous

biostratigraphy, 327Broinsonia parca Zone, defined, 331Chiatozygus litterarius Zone, 76Calcicalithina oblongata Zone, 76

defined, 330Campanian/Maestrichtian boundary, 77Catinaster coalithus Zone, defined, 358Cenozoic, 72Ceratolithus tricorniculatus Zone, defined, 359Chiasmolithus danicus Zone, 72

defined, 331oamaruensis Zone, defined, 353

Chiastozygus litterarius Zone, 74Chiphragmalithus alatus Zone, 72

defined, 352Cretaceous, 329

Late, 77Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, 77Cretahabdulus crenulatus Zone, 74Cruciellipsis curvillieri Zone, 76

defined, 330Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone, 72

defined, 331Discoaster asymmetricus Zone, 73, 359

binodosus Zone, 74defined, 349

brouweri Zone, defined, 359calcaris Zone, defined, 73, 358druggi Zone, defined, 358exilis Zone, 73, 358hamatus Zone, defined, 358kugleri Zone, 73, 358lodoensis Zone, 72

defined, 349mohleri Zone, defined, 349multiradiatus Zone, 72

defined, 349nodifer Zone, 71

defined, 352pentaradiatus Zone, defined, 359quinqueramus Zone, 73

defined, 359saipanensis Zone, defined, 352sublodoensis Zone, 72

defined, 349surculus Zone, 73

defined, 359dissolution of, 375Early Cretaceous, 76Eiffelithus turriseiffeli Zone, 76

defined, 330Ellipsolithus macellus Zone, defined, 349Emiliania huxleyi Zone, defined, 359Eocene, 72Eocene/Oligocene boundary, 73Ericsonia subdisticha Zone, defined, 353Fasciculithus tympaniformis Zone, defined, 349Gartnerago obliquum Zone, defined, 331

Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone, 73defined, 73, 359

Globigerina ampliapertura Zone, 242Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta Zone, defined, 358

reticulata Zone, defined, 353Heliolithus kleinpelli Zone, defined, 349Ismolithus recurvus Zone, 72

defined, 353Lithastrinus floralis Zone, defined, 330Lithraphidites quadratus Zone, 77

defined, 331alatus Zone, defined, 330

Markalius inversus Zone, 72defined, 331

Marthasterites contortus Zone, 72defined, 349

tribrachiatus Zone, defined, 349turcatus Zone, 74

defined, 331Mesozoic, 76Micula mura Zone, 77

defined, 331staurophora Zone, defined, 331

Natural remanent magnetization (NRM), 599Nazare Fault, 635Neogene tectonic movement, 651, 671Neritic limestones, 646Newfoundland fracture zone, 29, 766Newfoundland-Azores-Gibralter fracture zone, 80Nickel porphyrins, 572Normal grading, 47North America, tensional episode, early evolution, 93

Atlantic, age of opening of, 28, 95circulation changes, 31magnetic data, 764sea-floor spreading, beginning of, 766widening of, Maestrichtian time, 439

NRM intensities, Site 398, 600Oceanic, expansion, 658

spreading, 649Odd molecular weight series, 573Oil-generation zone, top, 533

zone, 517Oligocene, 73Oligocene, foraminifers, 71

nannos, 73Oligocene/Miocene boundary, 73Oligocene/Miocene sediments, isotopic unit II, 509Opening of North Atlantic, 95, 667

subsidence and, 674Operations, Site 398, 31Oporto Seamount, 757Optical study, Organic matter, 529Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, 242Organic and black shales, 523, 719

carbonate content, 535carbon, 66, 695

Cretaceous shales, 514Hole 397A, 543content, sediments, Site 397, 534

783

Sub-unit 3A, 44necessary for generation of Petroleum, 547

content, Cretaceous sediments, nature and originof, 529

extract, Site 397, 534Site 398, 535

geochemistry, Interval 1, 5142, 5143, 5144, 514

matter, determination of Thermal maturity of, 547types of, 550biogenic activity, indexes of, 419insoluble, 543maturity, 527, 548optical study, 529origin and thermal maturity, 66redeposited, 524

Organic components, lithologic Sub-unit Ha, 299lib, 301lie, 302lid, 304Ilia, 305Illb, 308IVa, 309IVb, 310

Unit V, 311Origin and thermal maturity, organic matter, 66

of calcite, 435fibrous clays, 435organic content, Cretaceous sediments, 529smectite, 435Vigo Seamount, 651

Orphan Knoll, 658Ostracodes, 297Oxygen index, 514

isotope data, interpretation of, 488isotopes, Hole 398C, sediments, 497isotopic composition, diagenetic trends, 47718 and carbon 14, isotopes from bulk carbonate

samples, 493Oxygen-minimum model, 735

zone, 548Oxygen-18 values, post-Eocene, 494Paleocene, 72Paleocene, foraminifers, 69

nannofossils, 72Paleocene-Eocene, isotopic unit I, 508Paleoenvironmental models, 735Paleoenvironment, reconstruction of, Hole 398D, 405Paleoenvironment and preservation, nannofossils, 73, 77Paleogene turbidite sequence, depth of deposition, 244Paleomagnetic results, drilling deviation, effect on, 604

results, 599Paleomagnetism, 80Paleotemperature trends, Cretaceous/Tertiary bound-

ary, 477Paleotemperatures, Cenozoic, 507

Eocene, 74evolution of, 508

Palynofacies, Cretaceous, 453

exinitic, 454micrinitic, 454xenomorphic, 454

Palynology, Cenozoic, 74Mesozoic, 77, 78

Palynomorphs, 451palynostratigraphic unit I, 454

II, 456III, 456

Parhabdolithus angustus Zone, 76defined, 330

Parhabdolithus angustus Zone, defined, 330Pleistocene, 73Pliocene, 73Prediscosphaera cretacea Zone, defined, 330Preservation and, paleoenvironment, 73, 77, 327Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone, 73

defined, 359Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, defined, 359Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, 73

defined, 358ciperoensis Zone, defined, 358distentus Zone, defined, 358heteromorphus Zone, defined, 358predistentus Zone, defined, 358pseudoradians Zone, 72

defined, 353Tetralithus aculeus Zone, 77

defined, 331obscurus Zone, defined, 331trifidus Zone, 77

Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, 73defined, 358

Paris Basin, 58Passive continental margin, 373

margins, tectonics of, 374Continental rise province of, 374

Petroleum, minimum amount of, organic carbon neces-sary for generation of, 547

source rocks, Site 398, 547thermal conversion, kerogen to, 547potential, Source rock, 545

Petroleum-generating potential, Leg 47 sediments, 547Cretaceous Black shale, 533

Physical properties, 16measurements, 585shear strength, 589Site 398 sediments, 58static GRAPE technique, 589

Physiographic changes, effects on sedimentation, 441Pleistocene, climatic cycles, 35

foraminifers, 72nannofossils, 73

Pliocene, foraminifers, 72nannofossils, 73

Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, isotopic unit III, 511Pore-water sampler, in situ, 19Porosity, Site 398, comparison between, GRAPE, grav-

imetric density and, 59sediments, water content and, 62

Porto Seamount, 93, 633, 651

784

Portuguese shelf, 93Post-Eocene, carbon-13 values, 494

oxygen-18 values, 494Potassium in interstitial water, 578Potential generation product, Site 397, 535Prediscosphaera cretacea Zone, 76

defined, 330Preservation, nannofossils, paleoenvironment and, 73,

77, 327Pressure, compressional wave velocities as a function

of, 587Primary catagenesis, 719Progradation, Unit I, inclined bedding and, 646Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone, defined, 73, 359Pyrenean Flysch series, 405

Orogen, 658Mountains, uplift of, 439

Pyritic spherules, 419Pyrolysis analysis, 517

measurements, 547Radiolarians

Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone, 688Distyomitra somphedia Zone, 688Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone, 688, 689

Reconstruction of Hole 398D, paleoenvironment, 405Recrystallization, effect on isotopic signal, 507Recycled humic organic matter, 535Red clays, deposition of, 733Redeposited organic matter, 524Reducing environmental conditions, 667Reflectance values, 524Reflectors, calcium carbonate content, relationship

to, 590Reprocessing seismic sections, 625Residual assemblages, foraminifers, 294

agglutinated, 292benthic, 290, 293, 295

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone, defined, 359Reverse, faults, 671

Eocene compression, 651grading, 47

Reworked foraminifers, 289, 292Rhyncholites, 297Rhythmic and cyclic bedding, 48

association, 385bedding, 35, 41, 44sedimentation, 41, 666, 728, 736

Rif system, 658Rifting, Early Cretaceous, 649Ripple lamination, 46Salinity stratification, 735Salt diapirism, 93, 764Sapropelic Cretaceous sediments, 529Scaglia Rossa pelagic limestone, 604, 608Scientific objectives for Site 398, 29Sea-floor spreading, 94, 658

beginning of in North Atlantic, 766Sea-surface productivity, 724Second rifting phase, separation of Europe from Amer-

ica, 673Sedimentation rates, Mesozoic, 55

Sediment accumulation rate, 35, 41, 78, 385, 607, 724Hole 398D, 244lithologic Unit II, 299Mesozoic, 54Site 397, 578

classification, 13texture, 375

Sedimentary environments, Cretaceous, 719evolution, Cenozoic, 48

Mesozoic, 649hiatus, Eocene, 242ridge, Formation 1, 646structures, 46

laminations, 404slumps, 292, 297, 419

units, Site 398, 287Sedimentation, Iberian margin, 665

physiographic changes, effects on, 441Sediments, biogenic minerals, Lower Cretaceous, 686

oxygen isotopes, Hole 398C, 497Site 397, organic carbon content, 534strontium concentrations, Hole 398C, 497terrigenous minerals, Lower Cretaceous, 685

Seismic reflectors, 80sections, reprocessing, 625

Semi-grabens, 649Separation of Europe from America, second rifting

phase, 673Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone, 688, 689Shallow-water deposition, 665

Galicia Bank, 647Shallow-water limestone, 52Shear strength, physical properties, 589

measurements, methods, 18Shipboard scientific procedures, 10Siderite, 733

crystals, 686Siliceous reproductivity, Atlantic, 49Site survey data, 5Site 397, kerogen type, 534

kerogen maturity in sediments, 535organic carbon content, sediments, 534

extract, 534potential generation product, 535sedimentation rates, 578

Site 398acoustic anisotorpy, 59

impedance, 63stratigraphy, 761

background and objectives, 26Cenozoic objectives, 31

Paleotemperatures, 507correlation between regional basins and, 647Cretaceous sedimentary environments, 719drilling characteristics, 5

rate, 63Geochemistry of sediments, 63Interstitial water chemistry, 63kerogen maturity, 535kerogen type, 535magnetic stratigraphy, 606

785

Mesozoic objectives, 29NRM intensities, 600operations, 31organic extracts, 535petroleum, source rocks, 533physical properties, 58principal results, 25scientific objectives for, 29sedimentary units, 287sonic velocity of sediments, 58stratigraphy, 761vertical evolution, 770

movements, 770Vigo Seamount, 25water content and porosity, 62

Slides, 384Slumps, 42, 48, 53, 292, 297, 384, 405, 419

deposits, 35, 384, 548mass, 55units, 53

Slumped intervals, 75Smear-slide analysis, 13Smectite, climatic indicator, 441

origin of, 435Sonic velocity data, methods, 16

of Site 398 sediments, 58relationship to burial depth and carbonate con-

tent, 646Source of, inertinite, 550

vitrinite, 550rock, petroleum potential, 533, 545

Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, defined, 73, 358ciperoensis Zone, defined, 358distenus Zone, defined, 358heteromorphus Zone, defined, 358predistentus Zone, 73

defined, 358pseudoradians Zone, defined, 72, 353

Stable inclinations, 606Static GRAPE technique, physical properties, 589Stratigraphic hiatus, 31, 76, 78, 294, 419Strike-slip, faulting, 757Strontium concentrations, Hole 398C, sediments, 497

in interstitial water, 578Structural and sedimentary evolution during the, Meso-

zoic, 649evolution, Cenozoic, 651

Galicia Bank, 654trends, Continental margin of Iberia, 753

Submarine fan, 405Subsidence, Graben-type, 768

and opening of the Atlantic, 674curve, 49, 244

Continental blocks, 93Sub-unit lie, 291

lid, assemblage-lithofades relationships, 304inorganic components, 304

IIA, inorganic components, 300Ilia, assemblage-lithofacies relationship, 306Illb, inorganic components, 308

organogenic components, 308

1A, lithologic units, 351C, lithology, 37

mineral composition, 41sedimentation rate, 41

Sulfate reduction, 578, 728bacterial, 733

Surface temperatures, 511temperature variations, 488to bottom temperature gradient, 511

Swiss Pre-Alpine flysch, 405Syndepositional faults, 42Synthetic seismogram, 623Systematic descriptions, Ammonites, 362

foraminifers, 263Tectonic and sedimentary evolution, Mesozoic, 54

movement, late Eocene, Neogene, 651movement, Neogene, 671setting, West Iberian, Continental margin, 753significance, turbidite facies, 388

Tectonics and sedimentation, Iberian margin, 665Tectonism, 669Telenite, 529Temperature gradient, surface to bottom, 511

water masses, 258Tension tectonics, Early Cretaceous, 666Tensional episode, Early evolution, North America, 93

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, 93Terpenes, 561Terrigenous minerals, Lower Cretaceous, sediments, 685

organic matter, 724Tertiary/Cretaceous boundary, 296Tethyan Ocean, closure of, 49Tetralithus aculeus Zone, defined, 77, 331

obscurus Zone, defined, 331trifidus Zone, defined, 77, 331

Tetrapyrrole pigments, 571Thermal alteration index, 543

contraction of lithosphere, 768conversion, kerogen to petroleum, 547maturation, 529maturity, organic matter, 66

of organic matter, determination of, 547stress, 573Alteration Index (TAI), 529

Tore-Madeira rise, 639, 766Transgression, Cenomanian, 636, 674Transported sediments, 288Triassic-Liassic episode of rifting, 93

salt domes, 667Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone, defined, 73, 358Trochoidea Zone, (Mci 22), 75, 292Truncatulinoides rohri Zone, 242Turbidite sequence, 405Turbidite-bottom current sedimentation, 46Turbidite, 53, 383, 548, 666

facies, tectonic significance, 388Turbidity currents, 48, 375, 383, 404Unconformity, 646

Angular, 56, 93Early Cretaceous-early Miocene, 533

Cretaceous-Miocene, 535

786

Underway geophysical data, 613Unit 1, inclined bedding and progradation, 646

2, lithology, 413, lithology, 514, lithology, 515, lithology, 53

Uplift of Pyrenean Mountains, 439Vanadyl porphyrins, 573Vasco da Gama Seamounts, 633, 757, 770Vegetal debris, 419Velocity groups, 87

measurements, core temperature, effect on, 585repeatability of, 586

Vertical evolution, Site 398, 770movements, Site 398, 770

Vertisols, 437

Vigo Seamount, 25, 665, 757, 770origin of, 651

Vitrinite, Source of, 550reflectance, 525, 535, 547, 548

Water content and porosity, Site 398 sediments, 62masses, temperature of, 258

Wealden deltas, 55West Iberian Continental margin, tectonic setting, 753Wet-gas generation zone, top, 534Windsor Formation, 28Winnowed sediments, 381Wood fragments, 55, 56Wykeman-Farrance van shear device, 589X-ray mineralogy, methods of, 430Xenomorphic palynofacies, 454Zeolite analysis, 58

787