Deep ocean adaptations

• The clam Calyptogena magnifica, which lives on deep-sea vents, depends on a bacterium to supply it with nutrients; the bacterium is transmitted through the clam’s eggs. The same goes for our mitochondria — the remnants of bacteria that live in our cells and provide us with energy.

http://judson.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/a-mutual-affair/index.html 

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/22deep.html?_r=1&ref=science&oref=slogin

Important Dates:

• Thursday, April 30: boat field trip from 11 am – 1 pmMeeting at the boat dock 10:50 am; Boat Leaves exactly at 11 am!Jacket, closed shoes, sunscreen, water are must!

• Tuesday, May 5: Invasive species class at the boat dock 11-12:15; if weather allows;

• FINAL EXAM: HW part on Tuesday, May 12 to prepare for the Final week of May 18 (group work and individual questions similar to MID-TERM);

• Please - NO MAKEUPS!

Article:http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08fish.html?ex=1208318400&en=c81b1195b68e2f90&ei=5070&emc=eta1

Sounds:http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/04/07/science/20080408_FISH_FEATURE.html#

SOUNDS IN THE OCEAN

• http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=467&srcid=430

• A new buoy system off the Massachusetts coast helps scientists track right whales and warn ships of their presence. http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1185143625/bctid1488623605

•http://www.listenforwhales.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=437

• http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/update-items/right-whale-projects

• The speed of sound in water increases with increasing water temperature, increasing salinity and increasing pressure (depth). The approximate change in the speed of sound with a change in each property is:

• Temperature 1°C = 4.0 m/sSalinity 1PSU = 1.4 m/sDepth (pressure) 1km = 17 m/s

• Ocean speed of sound ~1500 m/s; • Air speed of sound ~ 344m/s

http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2492

Seafloor Mapping Methods

USGS

Mapping seafloor surficial geological habitat in Massachusetts state waters

Seafloor Mapping of Stellwagen Bank & Massachusetts Bay

• completed by scientists at USGS, Woods Hole

1994-1998

1994 2007

2001 2002-2004

2003 2004

Mapping Begins & Continues

2006 2008+

Changing physical and chemical properties of the ocean:

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080929144116.htm

Bloop

• http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/sound01/background/seasounds/media/bloop.html

Hydrophones:

• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/haru_system.html

Sensing oceans from space

• http://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/48sensing/48.html

• TOPEX/POSEIDON, identified three El Nino events in 1992-93 and 1994-95, and in 1997-98 during sea level observations of the Pacific Ocean.

http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/oceanography_how_deep.html

Deep ocean creatures, adaptations & sounds

• Article for prep http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08fish.html?ex=1208318400&en=c81b1195b68e2f90&ei=5070&emc=eta1