Vispas Aluminium Architectural Decorative Entrance Matting System
Decorative Architectural Ironwork
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Transcript of Decorative Architectural Ironwork
Decorative Architectural Ironwork
Ali Davey Head of Technical Outreach & Education
Historic Scotland Conservation Group
Evolution : Jean Tijou
1693
Carron Ironworks, 1759 - 1982
The Adam Brothers
Carron Ironworks
Why Scotland?
Black Band Ironstone discovered by David Mushet in 1801
Hot Blast invented by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828
Walter MacFarlane & Co Ltd, Saracen Foundry (1850 – 1967)
Drinking Fountains
No. 8
No. 20
No. 21
Fountains & monuments
Buildings
Ca’ D’Oro, Gordon St, Glasgow (1872)Designed by John Honeyman
George Smith & Co 1858 – c.1899
Conservation and Repair
Blast Furnace
Grey Iron Wrought Iron
•Good in compression•Bad in tension•Brittle•Cheaper to produce en masse
•Poor in compression•Good in tension•Expensive to produce en masse
Cast iron
• Higher in carbon (2-4%)• Crystalline• Hard• Brittle• Shaped by casting • Strong compression• Weaker in tension• Good corrosion resistance
Recognising cast iron
• Shaped by casting• Visible mould line• Tapering edges• No undercutting
• Identical, repeating elements• Assembly
• Lugs and flanges • Panels slotted into of columns and stanchions• Bolts• Elements such as finials leaded on
Wrought iron
• Low in carbon (<0.2%)• Contains strands of slag• Fibrous • Malleable• Ductile• Shaped by hammering• Strong in tension • Good corrosion resistance
Iron Ore
Wrought Iron
Stainless Steel
Mild Steel
Cast Iron
OxidationReduction Processing
Oxygen driven off Corrosion
Electron Gain Electron Loss
Electrochemical Series
ZincAluminiumWrought ironCast iron316, 317 Stainless SteelAluminium bronzeLeadNickelBrassCopperManganese bronze, Tin bronzeNickel silver430 Stainless steelNickel, aluminium, bronze (CA 630, 632)316, 317 Stainless steelSilverTitaniumGoldPlatinum
Metals lower on the list will corrode sacrificially
for metals higher on the list
Fixings
History & Construction - Understanding the structure
Research
Assessment & recording - coatings
Repairs – planning and specification
The right facilities
The right skills
Give the contractor a chance !
Walter MacFarlane & Co, Saracen Foundry Spandrel Pattern No 51
Archive Pattern Drawing – digitised for CNC
CNC and pattern making
Cast Iron : the contentious bit....
Repair techniques
•Stitching•Plating•Pinning•Welding•Epoxy
Alternative materials
Cast iron
•Ductile iron (SG iron)•Steel•Aluminium•Bronze
Wrought iron
•Mild steel•Pure iron•Stainless steel
Zinc Phosphate 1 60 micronsZinc Phosphate 2 60 micronsMicaceous Iron Oxide 55 micronsGloss finish 1 35 micronsGloss finish 2 25 micronsTotal DFT 230 microns
The finishing touches are important!