Decision Making and JudgingRepresentativeness Heuristic

rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes

may lead one to ignore other relevant information

Decision Making and Judging

Availability Heuristic estimating the likelihood of events

based on their availability in memory if instances come readily to mind

(perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

Example: airplane crash

Decision Making and Judging

Overconfidence tendency to be more confident than

correct tendency to overestimate the

accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgements

Decision Making and Judging

Framing the way an issue is posed how an issue is framed can

significantly affect decisions and judgements

Example: What is the best way to market ground beef- As 25% fat or 75% lean?

Decision Making and JudgingBelief Bias

the tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning

sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid

Belief Perseverance clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the

basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

designing and programming computer systemsto do intelligent things to simulate human thought

processes • intuitive reasoning• learning• understanding language

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence includes practical applications

chess playingindustrial robotsexpert systems

efforts to model human thinking inspired by our current understanding of how the brain works

Artificial Intelligence

Neural Networks computer circuits that mimic the

brain’s interconnected neural cells performing tasks

learning to recognize visual patternslearning to recognize smells