Decentralized Power Generation using Clean Fuels...• The Energy Trilemma can be addressed using...
Transcript of Decentralized Power Generation using Clean Fuels...• The Energy Trilemma can be addressed using...
Decentralized Power
Generation using Clean Fuels
Michael Welch
Industry Marketing Manager, Siemens Industrial
Turbomachinery Ltd, UK
• Electricity is key to:– Economic growth
– Improving quality of life
• The challenge is to provide electricity that is:– Secure
– Affordable
– Minimal environmental footprint
ADDRESSING THE ENERGY TRILEMMA
• Large power plant connected to transmission network– Lowest cost of electricity
– Most efficient method
– Lowest $/kW investment
• High initial investment– Long-term growth forecast to
justify investment
• Impact of investment delay
– Transmission line investment
– Transmission losses
– Impractical for 100% electrification
CENTRALIZED GENERATION
• Locate power generation close to actual consumers– Create local Microgrid
– Transmission reinforcement
– Reduced losses
– Reduced investment
– Multiple units: Security of local supplies
– Use locally available fuel
• Potential to use industrial plant as ‘anchor’ to electrify area
DECENTRALIZED GENERATION
Ubungo Power Plant, Tanzania
• Centralized power favours coal
or natural gas
• Natural gas cleanest fossil fuel
for decentralized power too
– Gas pipeline access issues
– High cost of small scale LNG
infrastructure
• Historically default to Fuel Oils
– Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
– Diesel
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
• Fuel Oils are highly polluting
– High CO2 emissions
– High pollutant emissions
• NOx (Smog)
• CO (poisonous)
• SOx (acid rain)
• PM (potential carcinogen)
– Hazardous to human health
– Spillage
• Storage issues and security
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
• Consider cleaner fuels for
decentralized power
– LPG
• Readily available
• Transportable
• Easy to store
• Lower CO2 and pollutant
emissions than Fuel Oils
– Biogas
• Anaerobic digestion of wastes
FUELLING THE POWER PLANT
CO2 Emissions from combustion only in lb/mmbtu(source US EIA)
• A By-product from the Oil & Gas Industry
– African countries export LPG
LPG
• Clean-burning without need for
additional abatement systems
– Lower NOx than Fuel Oils
– No SOx
– Lower CO
– Lower PM
• No ground pollution
• Easy to store
– Easier to store and transport than
LNG too
LPG
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
GTNatural
Gas
GTDiesel
GT LPG RICEHFO
NOx (Tonnes/year) for 50MW
Maximum annual NOx emissions for a 50MW power
plant under World Bank guidelines
• Excellent fuel for the smaller Gas Turbines in Decentralized Power applications– Similar performance to natural gas
– Suitable for Dry Low Emissions combustors
– Maintenance schedule as natural gas
– Interchangeable: ‘NG ready’
• Offers potential for clean, high efficiency Distributed Power– Combined cycle or CHP
LPG
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
NaturalGas
100%Propane
Diesel
Performance Comparison 7MW Gas Turbine
(Natural Gas = 100)
Power Efficiency
Increasing
C4 Content
• Methane / CO2 mixture
• Produced by Anaerobic Digestion
– Municipal Wastes (Landfill Gas), Waste Water Treatment, Industrial
Off-gas (Ethanol)
BIOGAS
• Can be used as a fuel– 100% Biogas
– Biogas / Natural Gas blends
• Gas turbine performance as natural gas (or better)
• Fuel flexibility of small gas turbines allows multi-fuel solutions in single solution– Biogas to natural gas to LPG!
BIOGAS
7MW Gas Turbine in CHP application, USA.
Capable of operating on processed landfill
gas, natural gas and diesel
• Potential to use Agricultural Wastes for Poly-generation
BIOGAS
Bio-RefineryAgricultural
WastesBiogas
Power Plant
Steam
Ethanol Electricity
(for export)
• Future possibilities to create sustainable local economy from
wastes
BIOGAS
Biogas
Power Plant
Steam Electricity
Exhaust
GasesCarbon
Capture
System
Water
CO2
Speciality Chemicals
Electrolysis
Hydrogen
• The Energy Trilemma can be addressed using locally
available or readily transportable clean fuels
• LPG
• Biogas
• Encourages local and regional economic growth and
improves quality of life
• Decentralized Power Generation provides
• Affordable electricity
• Security of Supply
• Low environmental footprint
CONCLUSIONS