December 12th Quick Write: Take the worksheet at the front of the desk. Work on class work sheet...
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Transcript of December 12th Quick Write: Take the worksheet at the front of the desk. Work on class work sheet...
December 12thQuick Write:
Take the worksheet at the front of the desk. Work on class work sheet
Homework:• complete the class work sheet on the Periodic Table• Read pages 150-159• write Cornell Notes for pgs 135-149 if not complete
SWBAT:• Explain the difference between a row and a group in the Periodic table.• define the word valence electrons.•Describe each group.
Closure
List the family names.Describe 5 characteristics you learned about
the alkali elements.What do you find in the box of each element?
December 13thQuick Write:
1. Take out your Cornell Notes and the Chart from yesterday.
2. Define valence electron.3. How is the periodic table organized?
Homework:• review your notes• Both Periodic Table Worksheets must be complete by tomorrow (front and back)
SWBAT:• Explain the difference between a row and a group in the Periodic table.• define the word valence electrons.•Describe each group.
Each electron in an atom has its own distinct amount of energy.
When electrons are in their lowest energy state, it is called the ground state
The ground state for Na is 2-8-1
The Periodic Table
elements: Periodic Table are arranged in increasing atomic number.
Placement or location of elements on the Periodic Table indicates the physical and chemical properties of that element.
Number of protons in an atom (atomic number) identifies the element
Atomic mass: found on the Periodic Table of the Elements
Classifying Elements1. Metals2. Nonmetals3. Metalloids or
semimetals (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te),
4. Noble gases
Metals on the left
Nonmetals on the right
Metalloids semimetals
Group numbers and Family namesWhat are the groups?
The vertical columns Each column is numbered a Group Similar properties but not identical Ex: Group 1: Alkali Metals: Li, Na, K
Soft, white shiny metals All have same number of valence electrons Valence electrons?
The last shell of the atom and the number of electrons
Valence Electron
Periods
Each row is a periodElements are not alike in the propertiesAs you move from left to right the element
goes from an extremely active solid to an inactive gas Why? How can you remember this?
December 14th
Quick Write:1. Place your two Periodic Worksheets on your desk to be
checked for completion.2. Exchange your questions with your partner. Write down
their questions. Class Review
1. What is an ion?
Homework:• study your periodic Worksheets• quiz Friday, December 16th on characteristics of Chemical Families•Test Wednesday, December 21st
Your quizzes will be returned
this week!! : )
SWBAT:• Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families.• Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family.
December 15th
Quick Write:1. Define ions and valence electrons.
Homework:• study your periodic Worksheets• quiz Monday, December 19th on characteristics of Chemical Families• Test Thursday, December 22nd
Molecular Forces Lab is a week late. Late
labs will lose points / week!
SWBAT:• Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families.• Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family.
Your quizzes will be returned
this Friday!! : )
Alkali Metals
Description:• Most reactive metals • always found as compounds in nature• 1 valence electron, tend to lose 1 electron to form positive
ions• Family 1
Usage:Sodium: found in table saltRubidium: found in space vehicle engines
Alkaline Earth Metals
Description:• Reactive metals• always found as compounds in nature• 2 valence electrons, lose 2 electron to form positive ions• Family 2
Usage:Strontium (Sr): found in fireworksRadium (Ra): treatment of cancerBarium (Ba): used in glass making
Transition Elements
Description:• hard solids with high melting point• Valence electrons of 1 or 2 and can lose electrons from the next
energy level• Families 3-12
Usage:Silver (Ag) , Gold (Au): JewelryNickel (Ni): coinsZinc (Zn); paint
Boron Family
Description: have 3 valence electrons Boron is a metalloid Other elements below Boron are metals Family 13
Usage:Boron is used to make heat resistant
glasswareAluminum is most abundant metal.
Carbon Family
Description:4 valence electronsContains non-metal, metal and metalloidsFamily 14
Usage:Carbon is known as “the basis of life”Carbon is found in sugars, starches, fats and
proteins
Nitrogen Family
Description:5 valence electronsAtoms share electrons with other atomsFamily 15
Usages:Nitrogen: 78% of the air around usArsenic in insecticides
Oxygen
Description: 6 valence electrons Share electrons when bonding Family 16
Usages:Oxygen: most abundant element in the
Earth’s CrustOxygen: makes up the ozone layer
Halogens
Description:7 valence electronsMost reactive nonmetalsReact with Alkali metals easilyFamily 17
Usages:Chlorine makes table saltFluoride is in toothpaste
Noble Gases
Description:Have 8 valence electronsDo not form bonds with other atomsCalled inert gasesFamily 18
Usages:Radon: cancer treatmentsNeon: produces red light in neon signsHelium fills balloons to float in air, why do they
float?
December 15th
Quick Write:1. Quiz your partner. Write down their questions and then
answer them.
Homework:• study your periodic Worksheets• quiz tomorrow on characteristics of Chemical Families• Test Wednesday, December 21st
Molecular Forces Lab is a week late. Late
labs will lose points / week!
SWBAT:• Identify unique characteristics of the Chemical Families.• Differentiate between the traits of each Chemical Family.
Your quizzes will be returned
this Friday!! : )
Alkali Metals
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Alkaline Earth Metals
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Transition Elements
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Boron Family
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Carbon Family
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Nitrogen Family
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Oxygen
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Halogens
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Noble Gases
Description:• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• _______________________________________________
Usage:________________________________________________________________________
Group Family Name
Description
1 Alkali Metals
• Very reactive metals • always found as compounds in nature• 1 valence electron, lose 1 electron to form
+1 ions2 Alkaline
Earth Metals
• Reactive metals• always found as compounds in nature• 2 valence electrons, lose 2 electron to
form +2 ions3-12 Transition
elements• an element in a transition• hard solids with high melting point• half filled orbitals• less reactive than Group 1 & 2
17 Halogens • Reactive nonmetals• 7 valence electrons• gain 1 electron to form –1 ions
18 Noble Gases
• Not reactive, do not form ions• Filled, stable valence shell (8 electrons
except He which has 2)
Group Family Name
Description
13
14
15
16
Rare Earth Metals
What is an ion?
Description of the Periodic TableMetalloids/Semimetals: on the zigzag separates metals from nonmetals Examples: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
Nonmetals: gases, liquids or crystalline solids Examples: C, N, O, F, P, Br, gain electrons to become – ion poor conductors of heat and electricity
Other metals: metals good conductors of heat and electricity luster and shine, malleable (can change shape) Examples:Zn, Hg, Sn, Bi, Po
Comparing the physical properties of metals and nonmetals
Silvery gray color except copper and gold
Solid at room temperature except mercury
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable – can be hammered into shapes (thin sheets)
Ductile – can be pulled into wires
Many different colors Sulfur – yellow Chlorine – green Bromine – orange Iodine - purple
Many different states (phases) H, N, O – gas Br – liquid S, C, I – solid
Poor conductors of heat and electricity (except carbon)
Brittle – breaks when hit
Metals Nonmetals
Find the name of each symbol
Group 1 Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Group 2 Alkaline earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Other metals: Z n, Hg, Sn, Bi, Po
Semimetals: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
Nonmetals: C, N, O, F, P, Br
Group 18 Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Quick Write!1. Quiz!
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16TH
SWBAT:• describe the following and provide examples:• Chemical formula• Chemical equation
• describe the parts of an atom and draw an image • label the subatomic particles• compare and contrast between compounds and elements
Homework:• read workbook pgs 15-23• complete all pages due Friday!• find 10 chemical elements that can be found in your house by Friday•Test Tuesday 11/22
AN ATOM
Basic unit of matter, “unable to be cut”
An Element Pure substance entirely of one atom
WHAT ARE THE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES? Proton Neutron Electron
THE ATOM
Nucleus
(a) (b)
Cloud of negativecharge (2 electrons)
Electrons
WHO IS NEILS BOHR?
He proposed a theory: an atom is composed of a dense
nucleus with electrons in its surrounding orbit
electrons must have a certain amount of energy to orbit the nucleus.
Electrons have a more fixed manner around the nucleus.
MODERN ATOM MODEL Electron cloud model Protons
Have a positive charge have a mass of 1.67 x 10-24 g
Atomic number: number of protons
Electrons: Have a negative charge If the atom has no charge there are the same
number of electrons to protons
Mass number: sum of the protons and neutrons together
Quick Write!1. Take out your sheet
from yesterday.
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17TH
SWBAT:• describe the following and provide examples:• Chemical formula• Chemical equation
• describe the parts of an atom and draw an image • label the subatomic particles• compare and contrast between compounds and elements• Calculate the number of neutrons, protons and electrons
Homework:• read textbook pgs. 99 -104 see website for details• read workbook pgs 15-23• complete all pages due Friday!• find 10 chemical elements that can be found in your house by Friday•Test Tuesday 11/22
Quick Write!1. Take out your sheet
from yesterday.2. Answer the Quick
Write Questions
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18TH
SWBAT:• describe the following and provide examples:• Chemical formula• Chemical equation
• describe the parts of an atom and draw an image • label the subatomic particles• compare and contrast between compounds and molecules• Calculate the number of atoms found in each chemical formula
Homework:•Test Tuesday 11/22 Read pgs. 120- 126 practice note taking as you did last night
QUICK WRITE1. List the subatomic particles. Proton Neutron Electron2. Where are each of the particles found and
what is their charge? Proton : + charge , found in nucleus Neutron: no charge, found in nucleus Electron: - charge, found outside of the
nucleus
3. Identify one difference between a molecule and a compound.
Molecules are made of atoms, and compounds are made up of molecules, Label the molecule and the compound: ______________C2H4O2
______________H2O
4. What does a chemical formula tell you? A chemical formula tells you the elements
and number of atoms that are needed to make the molecule or compound.
5. What does a chemical equation tell you? A chemical equation tells you the types of
molecules and or compounds that are needed to complete a chemical reaction to form products.
6. What is a subscript? They are found to the lower right of
each element’s symbol. Provides you the number of atoms of
the element in the compound or molecule.
7. What does the coefficient tell you? Tells you the number of molecules and
atoms found in each chemical equation
NOW LET’S HAVE SOME PRACTICE!
Quick Write!1. Place your
homework on your desk.
2. Complete last week’s worksheet
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 21ST
SWBAT:• identify the Atomic Mass and Atomic Number.• compare a solution to a compound.• compare a heterogeneous mixture to a homogeneous mixture.
Homework:Study for Test see website for details.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
15 7N
Mass Number = protons + neutrons How can you identify it? It is the larger number. It is the mass of the nucleus. Why? Because it contains the protons +
neutrons.
Atomic number = number of protons Smaller number When an atom has no charge, the protons
and electrons are equal in number! Used to identify the element
Atomic number equals the number of ____________ or ________________.
Mass Number equals the number of ______________ + _______________.
The Atom
Atomic NumberSymbolNameMass Number
protonselectrons
protonsneutrons
II. PERIODIC TABLE
CLOSURE Answer the following:
1. What is the difference between a heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture? The heterogeneous mixture will separate upon
standing, you can still see the individual particles and it is not uniform throughout.
A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout, will not separate upon standing and you cannot see individual particles.
2. What is the difference between a compound and a solution?
A compound must be separated by chemical means and a solution can be separated by physical means.
SOLVING FOR THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
Number of neutrons = mass # - atomic #
Question: If the mass number is 15, there is no charge on the atom and the atomic number is 7. How many electrons and neutrons do you have?
Assignment: Finish the rest of the worksheet and turn it in to your teacher.
Quick Write!1. Atom video
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23RD
SWBAT:• identify the Atomic Mass and Atomic Number.• Review of the atom and elements
Homework:Enjoy Turkey Day!!!
ATOM ACTIVITY
Name__________________________ Date ______________
WHAT IS AN ATOM?DESCRIBE THE SUBPARTS OF THE ATOM:
DRAW AND LABEL AN ATOM
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BETWEEN A COMPOUND AND MOLECULE
EXPLAIN AND PROVIDE 3 EXAMPLES FOR EACH
CHEMICAL FORMULAS CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Element Atomic #
Atomic Mass
Mass Number
Protons Neutrons Electrons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ALL ELEMENTS ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE EXCEPT FOR THE FOLLOWING:
Liquids Mercury (Hg) - the
only liquid metal at room temperature
Bromine (Br) - the only liquid nonmetal at room temperature
Gases Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl) All of group 18 (noble
gases)Helium (He), Neon (Ne) Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn)