Dec. 2003802.16 Copyright 2001-2004 Global Wireless Education Consortium 802.16 1 IEEE 802.16.

Dec. 2003 802.16 Copyright 2001-2004 Global Wireless Education Consortium

802.16 1

IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16

Dec. 2003802.16 Copyright 2002-2004 Global Wireless Education

Consortium802.16 2

IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16

© Copyright 2002-2004 Global Wireless Education Consortium

All rights reserved. This module, comprising presentation slides with notes, exercises, projects and Instructor Guide, may not be duplicated in any way without the express written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. The information contained herein is for the personal use of the reader and may not be incorporated in any commercial training materials or for-profit education programs, books, databases, or any kind of software without the written permission of the Global Wireless Education Consortium. Making copies of this module, or any portion, for any purpose other than your own, is a violation of United States copyright laws.

Trademarked names appear throughout this module. All trademarked names have been used with the permission of their owners.


Consortium802.16 3

IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16

GWEC EDUCATION PARTNERS: This material is subject to the legal License Agreement signed by your institution. Please refer to this License Agreement for restrictions of use.

GWEC INDUSTRY MEMBERS: This material is subject to all copyright laws. By GWEC membership agreement, the material may be used for internal training, but may not be repackaged in any way for distribution and/or sale outside your company.


Consortium802.16 4

OutlineOutline

Overview MAC

Convergence sublayer – to accommodate ATM and Ethernet networks

Security sublayer Common part sublayer – the main part of the MAC

Physical layers Coexistence Concluding comments


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OutlineOutline

Overview MAC





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ArchitectureArchitecture


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IEEE 802.16 frequency IEEE 802.16 frequency bandsbands

10-66 GHz (802.16) 2-11 GHz licensed (802.16a) 2-11 GHz unlicensed (802.16a) In the future perhaps under 2 GHz as well


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The architecture of the The architecture of the IEEE 802.16 standard IEEE 802.16 standard


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OutlineOutline

Overview MAC





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Service specific Service specific convergence sublayerconvergence sublayer

Accepting higher-layer data Classification (and processing) of data Delivering this data to the MAC Receiving data from the peer entity

Two convergence sublayers are defined: ATM CS Packet CS


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MAC Common part MAC Common part sublayersublayer

In the downlink the BS does not have to coordinate its transmissions, except for TDD

The uplink is shared on a demand basis In general the multiple-access procedure in the uplink

is implemented using unsolicited bandwidth grants, polling, and contention procedures.

Vendors can optimize system performance


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Frequency-division Frequency-division duplexing (FDD)duplexing (FDD)

Unframed FDD for full-duplex SS The downlink is always on and TDD TDMA in the uplink

Framed FDD - downlink in bursts


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Time-division duplexing Time-division duplexing (TDD)(TDD)

Downlink and uplink – same frequency


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MACMAC

A MAC frame consists of header, payload, and CRC Frames can be concatenated, fragmented, or packed One SS may serve multiple tenants


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Network entry and Network entry and initialization: initialization:

1. Scan for downlink channel;synchronize with BS

2. Obtain uplink transmission parameters

3. Perform ranging (acquire timing offset)

4. Negotiate capabilities

5. Establish IP connectivity

6. Establish time of day

7. Transfer operational parameters

8. Set up connections


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Efficient poll/grant Efficient poll/grant mechanism mechanism

Scheduling services Unsolicited grant service (UGS) - for real-time fixed-size

packets (VOIP, T1/E1) Real-time polling service (rtPS) - for variable-size packets

(MPEG video) Non-real-time polling service (nrtPS) – non-real-time data

with variable-sized packets (FTP) Best effort service


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Requests/grantsRequests/grants

SSs can request bandwidth During these requests collisions can happen (CSMA) If the request is successful the SS will receive a data

grant There are incremental and aggregate requests Requests are per connections, but grants are only

per SS


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Privacy sublayerPrivacy sublayer

Privacy - encrypting connections SS/BS Encryption has two component protocols

Encapsulation protocol for encrypting packet data Privacy key management (PKM) protocol.

Protection from theft of service


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Mesh architectureMesh architecture


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Mesh architectureMesh architecture

In mesh mode channel resources are shared on demand basis

Distributed or centralized scheduling Mesh BS has connection to backbone Omnidirectional or sectorized antenna usually


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MAC support for mesh MAC support for mesh topologytopology

Mesh networks need different multiple-access No separate downlink and uplink Stations can talk directly Only TDD is supported in mesh mode The control part of every frame is reserved for mesh

network configuration packets


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Distributed schedulingDistributed scheduling

Neighborhood – stations one hop away All stations coordinate transmissions in two-hop

neighborhood; BS not needed for scheduling Schedules and schedule changes are sent to all SS

over one particular channel


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Centralized schedulingCentralized scheduling

Same network topology The BS determines flow assignments for all SS less

than HR hops from the BS SS themselves determine the schedule from these

flow assignments


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OutlineOutline

Overview MAC

Physical layers

Coexistence Concluding comments


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PHYPHY

Convergence sublayer PMD sublayer PLME may be implemented

Several PHYs are standardized: Single-carrier (SC) for 10-66 GHz Single-carrier (SC2) for 2-11 GHz OFDM for 2-11 GHz OFDMA for 2-11 GHz

High degree of flexibility for cost, capability, services, capacity


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PHY for 10-66 GHzPHY for 10-66 GHz

TDD and FDD are supported Transmission parameters (modulation, coding) can be

adjusted for each SS on a per frame basis – adaptive modulation

Downlink - randomization, FEC encoding, and modulation according to QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM (optional).

Uplink - randomization of the incoming data, FEC encoding, and modulation using QPSK, 16-QAM (optional), or 64-QAM (optional)


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PreamblesPreambles

Two preambles: one at the beginning of each frame and another at the beginning of each burst within a frame

QPSK Based on 45-degrees rotations 32 or 16 symbols


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Physical layer Physical layer

Synchronization Frequency offsets Power control

These are required, but not defined, left as vendor-specific


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802.16a – 2-11 GHz PHY802.16a – 2-11 GHz PHY

PHY is point-to-multipoint and in unlicensed bands – mesh topology

LOS is not necessary Multipath may be significant Channel BW – 1.5 to 14 MHz Advanced power management Interference mitigation Smart antennas MAC change – ARQ on a per-connection basis


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2-11 GHz OFDM and 2-11 GHz OFDM and OFDMA physical layersOFDMA physical layers

Signal processing operations: Scrambling FEC Interleaving Constellation mapping – QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM OFDM or OFDMA modulation


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OutlineOutline

Overview MAC



Physical layers

Coexistence

Concluding comments


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Three methods for Three methods for interference mitigation in interference mitigation in unlicensed bandsunlicensed bands

Dynamic frequency selection (DFS) Transmitter power control (TPC) Antenna directivity


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Recommended practice for Recommended practice for coexistence in 10-66 GHz coexistence in 10-66 GHz

Design and deployment recommendations Does not cover intra-system problems What does it cover?

Co-channel case: adjacent territory, same band Adjacent channel: territories overlap, adj band

Coexistence is generally good for intra-system performance


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OutlineOutline

Overview MAC



Physical layers Coexistence

Concluding comments


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Current projects within Current projects within 802.16802.16

802.16e – mobility Physical layer below 2 GHz MAC modification to support point-to-point systems


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Individual ContributorsIndividual ContributorsThe following individuals and their organization or institution provided materials, resources, and development input for this module:

Dr. Todor Cooklev, San Francisco State University, E-mail: [email protected] Modified by Dr. Larry Hash

State University of New York Institute of Technology

Dec. 2003802.16 Copyright 2001-2004 Global Wireless Education Consortium 802.16 1 IEEE 802.16.

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