Deborah Lechner, PT, MS Basic Physical Demands Scaling.
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Transcript of Deborah Lechner, PT, MS Basic Physical Demands Scaling.
Scales Vary by Category of Physical Demands
Categories/ Dimensions Examples
Manual Materials Handling
Position Tolerance (static postures)
Mobility/Movement and Repetitive Motions
Hand FunctionBalanceCoordination
Lift, carry, push, pullSit, stand, stoop,
crouch, reach, kneel Walk, crawl, climb,
stoop, crouch, reachHandling, fingering,
grippingStatic, dynamic Bilateral, eye-hand-
foot, eye-hand, eye-foot
Possible Scales for Physical Demands
Manual Materials HandlingWeight/force handled (lbs/N)Size and shape of object Handles vs. WithoutBilateral vs. UnilateralVertical height of lift Distance of lift
Manual Materials HandlingCan occur in any position & combined with
a variety trunk movement (i.e. bend and rotate while lifting)Lift/Lower – height, position of load and relationship to
body – horizontal distance from loadUnilateralBilateral
CarryUnilateralBilateral
Push/PullUnilateralBilateralWhile whole body is moving
Possible Scales for Physical Demands
Non-Materials HandlingPosture/Positions maintained
Duration (hr, min, sec, % day)Continuous duration (hr, min, sec)Intensity (degrees of position, range of motion,
WNL, min, moderate, severe)Balanced/Symmetrical
Mobility/Ambulation (walk, crawl, climb, run)DistanceRepetitionsSpeedDuration (% of day)
Possible Scales for Physical Demands
Non-Materials handling (cont’d)Repetitive movements (squatting,
reaching, stooping)RepetitionsFrequency Cycle timeDuration (% of day)Continuous durationIntensity (degrees of position, range of
motion, WNL, min, moderate, severe)Balanced/Symmetrical
Scales for BalanceDynamic vs. staticDuration (% of job required)Surface Type
Even surfaceUneven surfaceClimbing (stairs, ladders, poles)Beam and scaffolding/narrow ledges
Surface ConditionsWet vs. dryIce, snowOil
Possible Scales for Hand Function
DurationRepetitionCycle timeGrip strength (lbs)Whole hand vs. individual finger motionOne-handed vs. two-handedLevel of dexterity/coordination/speed
Combined Postures vs. Individual Joint Positions
• Squat/crouchingvs
• Spine flexion• Hip flexion• Knee flexion• Ankle dorsiflexion
• Ability to change position i.e. driving for required distance before stopping, viewing computer monitor and using keyboard for specific periods of time without rest
Simultaneous MotionMotions/Positions happen simultaneously – i.e. Squat
while looking down and reaching while handling. Or sitting on window sill while leaning, holding himself with one arm and reaching with another. NeckTrunkUpper extremities
ShoulderElbowHands
Lower extremitiesHipsKneesAnkles
Correlation to Tasks• Housekeeping (Light to Heavy)
Wet mopping the floorCleaning patient rooms after discharge
• Carpenter (Light to V Heavy)Erects framework for structures and lays subflooringBuilds stairs and lays out and installs partitions and cabinet work.
• Physical Demands:• Walking• Lifting• Pushing • Pulling
• Joint Angle Excursions• Flexion, Extension, rotation, abduction, adduction• Neutral vs. Non-Neutral• Joint angle excursions
Current DOT MMH ScalingDefined in DOT, SCO, & COJClassifies manual materials handling demands:
Occasional Frequent (50%) Constant (20%)
Very Heavy > 100 lb. > 50 lb
> 20 lbHeavy 51 - 100 lb. 25 – 50 lb 10 – 20 lbMedium 21 - 50 lb. 10 -25 1 - 10Light 11-20 lb. 1 - 10 *Sedentary 1 -10 lb. * *
* negligible weight
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Current DOT Duration Scaling
Non-materials handling tasks classified according to duration of demand within the work day
Constantly 2/3 to the full dayFrequently 1/3 to 2/3 of dayOccasionally up to 1/3 of dayNever not required
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Current DOT Dexterity & Coordination Scaling
Dexterity Demands
Classified as an aptitude by the DOTRated on a 1 -5 scale
1 = top 10% of population2 = highest 1/3, exclusive of top 10%3 = middle 1/34 = lowest 1/3, exclusive of bottom 10%5 = lowest 10% of population
Grip Strength not addressedKeyboarding not addressedDuration address through C,F,O,N
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Types of Items & Associated Scales
Type Definition Examples
Cross-Job Relative General work activities - designed to apply to many jobs
Analyze, Calculate, Classify, Climb, Compute, Coordinate, Direct, Evaluate, Inspect, Lift, Monitor, Observe, Stand, Walk
Within-Job Relative Tasks Classic “Verb, Object, Purpose”Designed to be organizationally specific; easily used for HR activities like training
Qualitative Highly abstract, create no quantitative data
Narrative Job Descriptions,Job titles only
Types of ScalesType Scales Examples
Cross-Job Relative Absolute frequency, weight, absolute duration
Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly<10 lbs., 11 – 20 lbs., >20 lbs.0 – 15 min, 16 – 30 min, 30 – 45 minDichotomous : Performed/Not Performed
Within-Job Relative Relative/% time spent, relative importance
¼ of the time, ½ of the time, ¾ of the time10%, 20%, 100%Not Important, Somewhat Important, Very Important
Qualitative No numerical ratings, No comparisons of jobs possible
Narrative Job Descriptions, Simple lists of tasks