Deadly Persistence Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Kandahar
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Transcript of Deadly Persistence Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Kandahar
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Colonel Trey Turner and Major Jay Adair16 Oct 2009
Deadly PersistenceDeadly PersistenceIntegrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in
KandaharKandahar
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• To provide an overview of the integration of UAVs and ground forces in Kandahar province during 2008
AimAim
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• The Operating Environment• The 2 PPCLI Battle Group• Integrating UAVs into the Joint
Tactical Fight
AgendaAgenda
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• This brief deals with the employment of UAVs, not necessarily “striking” with PGMs from UAVs
• We operated in a “UAV Laboratory” and the lessons learned are applicable across the spectrum
• The key to the employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is the “man”
• Optimal employment of UAVs demands a nuanced understanding of the environment gained only through interaction with the population on the ground
• UAVs and the potential of UAVs influence the manner in which the enemy fights
Bottom Line Up FrontBottom Line Up Front
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“It's not necessarily the strong enemy, it's the very weak institutions of the state... in that
weakness, you have Taliban influence able to move in there, and through coercion of the
people, assert that influence.”LTG Eikenberry – 10 May 2006
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Uzbekistan
RC Capital
Tajikistan
China
PANJSHER
WARDAKBAMIAN
GHAZNI
PAKTIKA
PAKTIA
NANGARHAR
KONAR
BAGHLAN
BADAKHSHATAKHAR
KONDUZ
SAR-E POLFARYAB
BADGHIS
HERAT
GHOWR
FARAH
HELMAND
ZABOL
KANDAHARNIMRUZ
LOW
GARDAIKONDI
ORUZGAN
Kabul
BALKHJOWZJAN
NURESTAN
SAMANGAN
KHOST
PARWAN
LAGHMAN
Turkmenistan
RC West
RC South RC East
Pakistan
41 Nations Total 41 Nations Total 58,932 58,932Top Contributors:Top Contributors:US US 25,300 25,300UK UK 8,600 8,600Germany Germany 3,600 3,600 Canada Canada 3,400 3,400 Italy Italy 2,900 2,900France France 2,700 2,700NetherlandsNetherlands 2,000 2,000Poland Poland 1,700 1,700
41 Nations Total 41 Nations Total 58,932 58,932Top Contributors:Top Contributors:US US 25,300 25,300UK UK 8,600 8,600Germany Germany 3,600 3,600 Canada Canada 3,400 3,400 Italy Italy 2,900 2,900France France 2,700 2,700NetherlandsNetherlands 2,000 2,000Poland Poland 1,700 1,700
NATO/ISAF and OEF Mandates
NATO/ISAF and OEF Mandates USFOR-
A:13,717
USFOR-A:13,717
RC North
Iran
KAIA
KAF
L
As of: 13 Feb 09
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Security Summary Security Summary 20082008
Baluchi Area
NWFP
FATA2
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3
Major INSURGENTLines of Operation
Kinetic Event Density
Increasing• 24% Afghans perceive
improvement, 19% perceive worsening (Sep 08 poll)
• 70% of kinetic events continue to occur in 10% of the districts
• 33% increase in Kinetic Events
• IED events up 27%....single largest cause of casualties
• ISAF/OEF Deaths: up 35%
• Civilian Deaths: up 40% - 46%*
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.. ..
KAF
20 kmKANDAHAR
Kandahar
KAF
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TYPICAL PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY TOPOGRAPHY
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PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY – FROM THE GROUND
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Operational ContextOperational Context
OffenseOffense
DefenseDefenseStabilityStabilityStabilityStability
DefenseDefense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense
DefenseDefense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense
StabilityStabilityStabilityStability
OffenseOffense
DefenseDefense
FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS
OPERATIONAL THEMES
2008
2008
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The Kandahar The Kandahar BattlespaceBattlespace
Ideologically motivated Taliban
Sociologically motivated
mujahideen
Tribal MilitiasPOPULATION
ISAF
ANP, ABP,AHP
ANA
Narco-militia
GIRoA
PopulationPopulation
BG operated in permissive, semi-permissive, non-permissive urban and rural terrain!From TFH Briefing Apr 08
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The 2 PPCLI Battle GroupThe 2 PPCLI Battle Group
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Battle Group Battle Group OrganizationOrganization
E(+)(-)
JDCC OMLTPOMLT
ATTACHMENTS The BG Team
• 848 Regular Force Soldiers
• 174 Reserve Force Soldiers
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• The Battle Group role is to SHAPE the battlespace through lethal and non-lethal action in order to set the security conditions that ENABLE successful ANSF action, development and governance initiatives within the AO – The BG “buys time” to allow Afghans to
take control
Battle Group RoleBattle Group Role
So What? – Protect the Population, Enable other Organizations So What? – Protect the Population, Enable other Organizations
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• Fight in a manner that will allow the war to be won– BG role extends far beyond neutralizing
insurgents• Influence Afghans
– Convince neutrals to support GIROA» Protect/Isolate from the insurgency and its effects
– Retain support of those who already support GIROA» Protect from the insurgency and its effects
– Mentor and facilitate the mentorship of all elements of the GIROA
– Convince insurgents supporters to support GIROA» Hunt and Kill those who need to be killed
Battle Group Role – Layman’s Battle Group Role – Layman’s TermsTerms
NO
BETTER FRIEND
NO
BETTER FRIEND
NO
WORST ENEMY
NO
WORST ENEMY
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• We must focus on the word succeed instead of win in this campaign– Success is tied to the will of the Afghan
people
Battle Group Role – Battle Group Role – SucceedingSucceeding
versus Winningversus Winning
Succeed – “to make good, thrive prosper, or progress in order to accomplish a favourable aim or outcome”
Win – “to acquire, be victorious or triumph as a result of a fight”
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Effects Created by Effects Created by the BGthe BG
Weeks
Months/Years
Years
SE
CU
RIT
Y A
ND
S
TA
BIL
ITY
(M
E)
FA
CIL
ITA
TE
D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
Battle Group
Provincial Reconstruction Team
Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team
BU
ILD
AN
SF
C
AP
AC
ITY
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The Carrot and Stick The Carrot and Stick ApproachApproach
Government Supporters
Government Sympathizers
Neutral Population
Insurgent Sympathizers
Insurgent Supporters
Insurgent Fighters
Consolidate and Strengthen
Protect Persuade Dissuade Deter Marginalize and Defeat
FRIENDLY HOSTILE
Exploit fault lines and break AlliancesExploit fault lines and break Alliances
Part of the SolutionPart of the Solution Part of the ProblemPart of the Problem
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COIN as an ArgumentCOIN as an Argument
TALK FIGHT TALK
A Fight – Talk PropositionA Fight – Talk Proposition
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How the BG OperatedHow the BG Operated
ACCENTUATE POSITIVESACCENTUATE POSITIVES
MITIGATE NEGATIVESMITIGATE NEGATIVES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
PRIMARY ACTIVITIES PHYSICAL OUTPUT EFFECTS OUTPUT
(messages to TA)
FRAMEWORK
OPS
TARGETING
DELIBERATE OPS
Responsive, visible, combined force
Precision collection – Understand the Environment – Find the enemy
Combined Deliberate Ops – Fix and Finish
We are here to protect you (the population) with ANSF on behalf of the GIROA.
We see what goes on in the battlespace and will kill those who fight against the GIROA.
We (the ANSF and ISAF) are stronger than the insurgency and will ultimately prevail.
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The Kandahar Battlespace – A Vicious The Kandahar Battlespace – A Vicious CycleCycle
CF focus resources and establish presence in certain area.
CF presence attracts insurgents who carry out attacks against CF.
Population avoids contact with CF but remain susceptible to insurgent influence.
Population moves from area to avoid the coercion from the insurgents and conflict between CF and insurgents. CF increase force protection – increase distance from population.
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How do we break the cycle?How do we break the cycle?
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Focusing Effort – The Stability Focusing Effort – The Stability Box ConceptBox Concept
KEY
DISRUPT
HOLD
BUILD
BUILD AREASelected where there is support for CF and this support will have disproportionate influence in surrounding area. PRT main effort. Permanently presence. Must protect population 24/7. No kinetic ops in here without PRT authorization.
BUILD AREASelected where there is support for CF and this support will have disproportionate influence in surrounding area. PRT main effort. Permanently presence. Must protect population 24/7. No kinetic ops in here without PRT authorization.
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HOLD AREAOMLT main effort. Mission is to protect Stab Box from direct insurgent influence. No development occurs in this area. Focused IO efforts on elders and leaders to gain consent. Criteria for development needs to be established to be eligible for PRT benefits. Once criteria met, BUILD AREA expands into this area.
HOLD AREAOMLT main effort. Mission is to protect Stab Box from direct insurgent influence. No development occurs in this area. Focused IO efforts on elders and leaders to gain consent. Criteria for development needs to be established to be eligible for PRT benefits. Once criteria met, BUILD AREA expands into this area.
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DISRUPTION AREARemainder of AOR. Focus of BG and SOF activity. Aim to disrupt insurgents and degrade their ability to influence in other areas of the Stab Box.
DISRUPTION AREARemainder of AOR. Focus of BG and SOF activity. Aim to disrupt insurgents and degrade their ability to influence in other areas of the Stab Box.
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The key to success…
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UAVs in COINUAVs in COIN
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One Man’s VisionOne Man’s Vision
“We have just won a war with a lot of heroes flying around in planes. The next war may be fought by airplanes with no men in them at all. It certainly will be fought with planes so far superior to those we have now that there will be no basis for comparison. Take everything you’ve learned about aviation in war, throw it out of the window, and let’s go to work on tomorrow’s aviation. It will be different from anything the world has ever seen.”
Gen Hap Arnold, USAAFVJ Day, 1945
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“Air power contains the seeds of our own destruction if we do not use it responsibly, we can lose this fight.”
General Stan McChrystal COMISAF
16 June 2009
Airpower in COINAirpower in COIN
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Another Man’s VisionAnother Man’s Vision
“We pray to Allah we have American soldiers to kill… but added these bombs from the sky we cannot fight”
Taliban Fighter
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Spectrum of UAV EmploymentSpectrum of UAV Employment
• IPB• Target acquisition• Reconnaissance
• CAS– FMV Support– Air Strike
Coordination– Direct fire support– Dynamic targeting
(hunter-killer)
ISRISR StrikeStrike
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everything everything looks looks
like a naillike a nail
If all you If all you have is a have is a hammer, hammer,
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The TeamThe Team
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Keys to Successful Keys to Successful IntegrationIntegration
• Developing and Maintaining key relationships– Intelligence cells communicating– Pilots speaking to pilots– Debriefing is the norm
• Understanding the capabilities of the UAV• Controlling the asset at the appropriate
headquarters– Controlled at the HQ that can shorten the kill chain the
most• Common operating picture• Unity of command
• Ensuring JTACs and an S2 representative were on duty in the BG TOC– Tracking and striking targets requires patience – the
UAV is only as persistent as those operating it
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The Power to Decide – The Power to Decide – The Certainty to ActThe Certainty to Act
TACP ISR O S2 Ops
Battle CaptS3
Recommendation to Commander – Strike/No Strike
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Keys to Successful Keys to Successful IntegrationIntegration
• Synchronizing ground and air manoeuvre– Battlefield organization – tactical “deep fight”– Ground manoeuvre creates a reaction from the
insurgents– Armed UAVs unnerve the enemy and force them to
make mistakes• Establishing procedural controls that
shortened engagement times• Establishing common sight picture on
the application of ROE• Accepting the Positive Identification
(PID) of the enemy reflects the enemy’s adaptive nature and evolves
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Keys to Successful Keys to Successful IntegrationIntegration
• Employing an effective targeting methodology– Determines the most important “things we do
everyday”• Counterinsurgency Triage
– Those who cannot be influenced– Those who support us– Those who can be influenced
• Answers the question: “Where can we have the greatest impact”?
– What are intended effects?
»How do we achieve those effects?• Does not replace detailed operational planning
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Keys to Successful Keys to Successful IntegrationIntegration
• Employing an effective targeting methodology– Focus on MVTs (people) as the centre of mass– Method – complete a series of targeting cycles
• F3EAD– Find – cross-cueing of all sensors– Fix – the “unblinking eye” – Finish – strike – Exploit – face to face cross-talk– Analyze – face to face cross-talk – shared
analysis– Disseminate – info sharing and process
refinement
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Targeting FrameworkTargeting Framework
Find
Exploit
Finish
Analyze
Fix
Disseminate
(Example)(Example)
TargetingTargetingCycleCycle
AAR facilitates adaptationIntelligence Pursuit
Lethal/Non-lethal
Physical/Moral FixTargeting Cycle
initiated by “FIND”
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The TeamThe Team
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A long road…A long road…
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Doing the Right Thing…Doing the Right Thing…Amidst ChaosAmidst Chaos
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QuestionsQuestions
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• Colonel Trey Turner– [email protected]
• Major Jay Adair – [email protected]
Contact InformationContact Information