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Introducing FunctionalGrammarSecond Edition

Geoff ThompsonUniversity of iverpool

A memb er of the H odder Headline GroupLONDONDistributed in the United States of America byOxford University Press Inc., New York

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Contents

Foreword ix cknowledgements xiThe purposes of linguistic analysis 11.1 Starting points 11.1.1 Going in through form 2

1.1.2 Going in through meaning 61.2 Language, context and function: a preliminary exploration 10Exercise 12Recognizing clauses and clause constituents 142.1 Breaking up th e sentence - and labelling the parts 142.1.1 Recognizing constituen ts 152.1.2 Structural and functional labels 182.2 Ranks 21

Exercises 26An overview of functional grammar 283.1 Three kinds of meaning 283.1.1 The three metafunctions 303.1.2 Three kinds of function in the clause 323.1.3 Three kinds of struc ture in the clause 343.1.4 Showing the options: systems networks 35

3.1.5 A fourth metafunction 383.2 Register and genre 393.2.1 Register (and the corpus) 403.2.2 Genre 42Exercise 44Interacting: the interpersonal metafunction 4545464949505254

4.14 .24 .3

IntroductionRoles of addressers and audienceMood4.3.14.3.24.3.34.3.4

The structure of the MoodIdentifying Subject and FiniteMeanings of Subject and FiniteMood in non-declarative clauses

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6.4

6.56.6

6.7

6.86.9

CONTENTS

Special thematic structures6.4.1 Them atic equatives6.4.2 Predicated Them e6.4.3 Thematized comm ent6.4.4 Preposed Them e6.4.5 Passive clauses and Th em eTheme in clause complexesMultiple Them e6.6.1 Conj unctions in Them e6.6.2 Conjunctive and modal Adjuncts in Theme6.6.3 Textual, interpersonal and experientialelements in Them e6.6.4 Interrogatives as mu ltiple ThemesSome problems in Them e analysis6.7.1 Ex istential there in Theme6.7.2 Them e in reported clauses6.7.3 Interpolations in Th em e6.7.4 Preposed attributivesTheme in textA final note on identifying Them eExercises

7 Organizing the message: the textual metafunction - cohesion7.1

7.2

7.37.4

Cohesion and coherenceReference and ellipsis7.2.1 Reference7.2.2 EllipsisConjunctionCohesion in tex tExercise8 Clauses in combination

8.18.28.3

i

8.4

IntroductionUnits of analysisTypes of relations between clauses8.3.1 Logical dependency relations8.3.2 Logico-semantic relationsExpansion8.4.1 Elaborating8.4.2 Extending8.4.3 Enhancing

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8.5 Projection 2098.5.1 Qu otes and reports 2108.5.2 Facts 2138.5.3 Proj ection in tex t 215Exercises 216

9 Grammatical metaphor 2199.1 Introduction 2199.2 Gramm atical metaph or 2209.3 Experiential and logical metapho rs 2249.4 Interpersonal metapho rs 2319.5 Textual metap hor 2359.6 A cautionary note 236Exercises 237

10 Implications and applications of functional grammar 24010.1 Three-dim ensional analysis of texts 24010.2 A summary review of functional grammar 24710.3 Using functional grammar 24910.4 Closing 251 nswers to exercises 253Further reading 283References 288Index 293