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<D]ÕOÕPGD�VWDQGDUWODU�GL÷HU�VWDQGDUWODUGDQ�IDUNOÕ�RODUDN��U�QH�GH÷LO�V�UHFH�\|QHOLN�RODUDNG�ú�Q�OPHNWHGLU�� %|\OHFH� �U�Q�Q� JHOLúWLUPH� HYUHOHULQLQ� VWDQGDUWODúPDVÕ� JHUHNPHNWHGLU�=LUD�EDNÕP�YH�RQXQ�VHEHS�YHUGL÷L�WDQÕPODPD�YH�WDVDUÕP�V�UHoOHULQLQ�WHNUDUODQPDVÕ�DQFDNV�UHo� VWDQGDUWODUÕ� LOH� NRWDUÕODELOLU�� <D]ÕOÕP� VWDQGDUWODUÕ� XOXVDO�� DVNHUL�� WHNQLN� YH� WLFDULNXUXOXúODU� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� JHOLúWLULOPHNWHGLU�� *�Q�P�]� GRQDQÕP�� D÷� YH� \D]ÕOÕP� WHNQRORMLVL|]HOOLNOH� WHNQLN� YH� WLFDUL� VWDQGDUWODUÕQ� NXOODQÕPÕQÕ� \D\JÕQODúWÕUPDNWDGÕU�� ,(((� YH� ,62VWDQGDWODUÕ� HQ�oRN�NDEXO�J|UHQ�VWDQGDUWODU�ROPXúWXU��6WDQGDUWODU�DVOÕQGD�\D]ÕOÕPGD�NDOLWHJ�YHQFHVLQL�VD÷ODPDN�PDNVDGÕ\OD�RUWD\D�oÕNPÕúWÕU��%X�DQODPGD�VDGHFH�ELU�VWDQGDUW�ROPDVÕ\HWHUOL�GH÷LOGLU��]LUD�VWDQGDUWÕQ�NDOLWH�IDNW|UOHULQL�GLUHNW�RODUDN�HWNLOHPHVL�YH�L\LOHúWLUPHVLgerekmektedir.

<D]ÕOÕPGD� NDOLWH� � NDUPDúÕN� YH� oRN� ER\XWOX� SHUVSHNWLIOHU� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU�%XQODU� DUDVÕQGD� HQ� |QHPOLOHUL� NXOODQÕFÕ�� UHWLFL�� U�Q� YH� GH÷HU� SHUVSHNWLIOHULGLU�*�Q�P�]GH� HQ� GRPLQDQW� RODQ� SHUVSHNWLI� GH÷HU� SHUVSHNWLIL� ROPXúWXU�� =LUD� NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ\D]ÕOÕPD�QH�NDGDU�|GH\HFH÷L�\D]ÕOÕP�NDOLWHVLQL�HQ�ID]OD�HWNLOH\HQ�IDNW|U�ROPXúWXU��&00YH� ,62� �� NDOLWH� |Oo�P� PRGHOOHUL� DUDúWÕUÕFÕ� YH� NDOLWH� J�YHQFH� VWDQGDUWODUÕ� �UHWHQRUJDQL]DV\RQODUÕQ�HQ�ID]OD�LWLEDU�HWWLNOHUL�PRGHOOHUGLU��*HUHN�\D]ÕOÕPGD�NDOLWH�IDNW|UOHULQLEHOLUOHPHN� JHUHNVH� EXQODUÕ� VWDQGDUWODúWÕUPDN� ROGXNoD� NDUPDúÕN� ELU� SUREOHPGLU�� =LUD� ELU\D]ÕOÕP� �U�Q�Q�Q� GH÷HUOHQGLUPHQLQ� PDWHPDWLNVHO� RODUDN� GR÷UX� \DSÕODELOPHVL� P�PN�Q


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 8

GH÷LOGLU��$QFDN�\DNODúÕN�GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU�\DSÕODELOLU��%X�WHPHO�SUREOHP�\D]ÕOÕPGD�NDOLWHJ�YHQFHVL�YH�VWDQGDUWODúPDQÕQ�VHYL\HVLQL�GH�EHOLUOHPHNWHGLU�

Faruk Polat.DVÕP��


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 9

1.1. 1(61(�7(.12/2-ø6ø

<D]ÕOÕP�JHOLúWLUPH��]RU�YH�]DPDQ�LVWH\HQ�ELU�V�UHoWLU��<D]ÕOÕP�VLVWHPOHULQLQ�KDFLP�RODUDNE�\�NO�÷��YH�DUWDQ�NDUPDúÕNOÕ÷Õ��\D]ÕOÕP�JHOLúWLULFLOHULQL�EX�NDUPDúÕNOÕ÷Õ�NRQWURO�HWPH\H\|QOHQGLUPLúWLU�� +HU� ]DPDQ� WHPHO� DPDo� YHULPOLOLN�� WHNUDU� NXOODQÕODELOLUOLN� YHEDNÕODELOLUOL÷L� L\LOHúWLUPHN� YH� PDVUDIÕ� D]DOWPDN� ROPXúWXU�� <D]ÕOÕP� NDUPDúÕNOÕ÷ÕSUREOHPLQH� o|]�P� RODUDN� IDUNOÕ� SURJUDPODPD�PHWRGRORMLOHUL� JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU�� <RUGDPVDOSURJUDPODPD� YH� \DSÕVDO� SURJUDPODPD� ELU� V�UH� SRS�OHU� \DNODúÕPODU� ROPDODUÕQD� NDUúÕQJ�Q�P�]GH� GH� WHPHOOHULQLQ� JHoHUOL� ROPDODUÕ� VHEHEL\OH� HWNLQOL÷L� ELOLQPHNWHGLU�� $QFDNJ�Q�P�]GH�RUWD\D�oÕNPDNWD�RODQ�NDUPDúÕN�SUREOHPOHU�QHVQH\H�\|QHOLN�\DNODúÕPÕQ��PLWYHULFL�ELU�o|]�P�ROGX÷XQX�J|VWHUPHNWHGLU>$ELWHEXO��6WHILN��@�

1HVQH\H� \|QHOLN� \DNODúÕP� LON� RODUDN� �� \ÕOÕQGD� 6LPXOD� SURJUDPODPD� GLOL� LOH� RUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU��¶OL�\ÕOODUÕQ�VRQODUÕQGD�$GHOH�*ROGEHUJ�YH�$ODQ�.D\�WDUDIÕQGDQ�JHOLúWLULOHQSmalltalk diliyle programlamaya yeni bir boyut getirebildi[Goldberg83]. Nesneye yönelik\DNODúÕP�� VDUPDODQDQ� �HQFDSVXODWHG�� HGLOHQ� YHUL� YH� PHWRGODUGDQ� ROXúDQ� QHVQHOHULQKL\HUDUúLN� VÕQÕIODU� ELoLPLQGH� LIDGH� HGLOPHVL� YH� LúOHQPHVLQL� |QJ|U�U�� 1HVQH\H� \|QHOLN\DNODúÕP�J�Q�P�]GH�\D\JÕQ�RODUDN�NXOODQÕOPDNWD�ROXS��QHVQH\H�\|QHOLN�DQDOL]��22$²2EMHFW�2ULHQWHG�$QDO\VLV��QHVQH\H�\|QHOLN�WDVDUÕP��22'²2EMHFW�2ULHQWHG�'HVLJQ��YHnesneye yönelik programlama (OOP�Object-Oriented Programming) olarak literatür veWHNQRORMLGH�\HU�EXOPXúWXU�

.ODVLN� \DSÕVDO� \DNODúÕPODUÕQ� WDPDPHQ� QHVQH� WHNQRORMLVLQH� G|Q�úW�U�OPHVLWDPDPODQDPDPÕúWÕU�� g]HOOLNOH� OHJDF\� VLVWHPOHULQ� ROGX÷X� JLEL� NRUXQPDVÕ� JHUHNOLOL÷LG|Q�ú�P�Q�WDPDPHQ�JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQL�LPNDQVÕ]�NÕOPDNWDGÕU��1HVQH�WHNQRORMLVL�WHNUDUNXOODQÕODELOLUOLN�� NDUúÕOÕNOÕ� oDOÕúDELOLUOLN� YH� NDUPDúÕN� QHVQHOHULQ� � PRGHOOHQHELOPHVL� JLELDYDQWDMODU�VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU>(ZDOG��D@��1HVQH�WHNQRORMLVLQLQ�EDúDUÕOÕ�RODELOPHVL�LoLQ�QHVQH\H\|QHOLN�SURJUDPODPD�|QFHVL�DúDPDODUÕQ�\DQL�DQDOL]�YH� WDVDUÕPÕQ�QHVQH\H�\|QHOLN�RODUDNJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL� JHUHNOLGLU�� 1HVQH\H� \|QHOLN� DQDOL]� YH� WDVDUÕPOD� JHUoHNOHúWLULPLú� RODQPRGHO� YH� JHUHoOHU� DUWÕN� RUWDN� ELU� VWDQGDUW� GLOGH� JHUoHNOHúWLULOPH\H� oDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU�gUQH÷LQ� 80/� �8QLILHG�0RGHOLQJ� /DQJXDJH�� JHOLúWLULFLOHULQ� �]HULQGH� DQODúWÕNODUÕ� QHVQHYHUL� PRGHOL� RODUDN� DQDOL]� YH� WDVDUÕPGD� NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�� 6RQ� J�QOHUGH� 20*� � �2EMHFW0DQDJHPQW� *URXS�� JUXEX� �UHWLFL� ILUPD� YH� WLFDUL� NRQXODUGDQ� ED÷ÕPVÕ]� ELU� PHWRGRORML�]HULQGH�oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU�

'D÷ÕWÕN�QHVQH�\|QHWLFLVLQLQ�EHOOL�EDúOÕ�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ��ùHNLO��

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· 1HVQHOHULQ�D÷��]HULQGH�J|oHELOPHVL��\HU�GH÷LúWLUPHOHUL��


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 10

· 0HWRGODUÕQ�oDOÕúPD�RUWDPÕQD�\�NOHQPHVL�

· 0HWRG�oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ�oL]HOJHOHQPHVL�YH�VHQNURQL]DV\RQX�

· Ara ve sonuç nesnelerinin saklanabilmesi.

· Güvenlik ve

· Kurtarma.

1HVQH� \|QHWLFLVL� LOHUL� VHYL\HGH�� X]DNWDNL� QHVQH� VLVWHPOHULQH� KÕ]OÕ� HULúLPL�� DNWLI� YHNDUPDúÕN�QHVQHOHUL�GH�GHVWHNOHPHOLGLU�

1.1.1. NESNEYE YÖNE/ø.�<$./$ù,0,1�8<*8/$0$�6(9ø<(6ø

$QFDN� QHVQH� WHNQRORMLVL� GDKD� oRN� VRQ� �� \ÕOGÕU� \D\JÕQODúPÕú� YH� SRS�OHU� KDOH� JHOPLúWLU�1HVQH\H� \|QHOLN� \DNODúÕP� SURJUDPODPDGD� IDUNOÕ� ELU� G�ú�QPH� WDU]Õ� VXQPDNWDGÕU�� 9HULQHVQHOHU� RODUDN� LIDGH� HGLOPHNOH� ELUOLNWH�� QHVQHOHULQ� J|VWHULPL� ELUELUOHUL� LOH� RODQ� LOLúNLVLNODVLN� YHUL� YH� IRQNVL\RQODUD� QD]DUDQ� GDKD� NROD\� YH� JHUoH÷H� \DNÕQ� úHNLOGH� LIDGHHGLOHELOPHNWHGLU�� 1HVQH\H� \|QHOLN� NDYUDPODUÕQ� X\JXODPD� VHYL\HOHULQL� �� DQD� NDWHJRUL\HD\ÕUDELOLUL]�

i.

6DUPDODPD� QHVQH\H� \|QHOLN� \DNODúÕPÕQ� HQ� |QHPOL� |]HOOL÷LGLU�� $QD� IHOVHIHQHVQHQLQ�\HUHO�YHUL�YH�LúOHPOHULQLQ��GHWD\ODUÕQÕ�VDNODPDNWÕU��1HVQHOHU�ELUELUOHUL�LOH�L\LWDQÕPODQPÕú� DUD\�]OHUOH� ELOJL� DOÕúYHULúLQGH� EXOXQXUODU�� %LULQFL� VHYL\HGH�� D\QÕ� �EHQ]HU� � \DSÕ� YH� |]HOOLNOHUH� VDKLS� QHVQHOHULQ� JUXSODPDVÕQÕ� VD÷OD\DQ� PHNDQL]PDEXOXQPDNWDGÕU��7HN�VHYL\H�VLVWHPOHUGH�QHVQHOHU�GL÷HU�QHVQHOHUGHQ�W�UHWLOLU�YH�VÕQÕIODU\RNWXU�� 7HNUDU� NXOODQÕODELOLUOLN� � DQFDN� QHVQHOHULQ� NXOODQPD� \HWNLOHULQL� GL÷HUnesnelere vermesiyle mümkün olabilir. Microsoft�un OLE (Object Linking andEmbedding) ve COM (Component Object Model) ürünü bu kategoriyegirmektedir[Brockschmidt94].

ii.

øNLQFL� VHYL\HGH�� QHVQH� WHNQRORMLVL� LODYH� RODUDN� NDOÕWÕP� YH� oRNOX\DSÕPHNDQL]PDODUÕQÕ� LoHULU�� 6R\XWODPD� VÕQÕIODU� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� HOGH� HGLOPHNWH� ROXS�� VÕQÕIODUKL\HUDUúLN� ELU� NDOÕWÕP� \DSÕVÕQGD� � RUJDQL]H� HGLOPHNWHGLU�� $OW� VÕQÕI�� VW� VÕQÕIÕQ� W�PLúOHP�YH�YHULOHULQH�NDOÕWÕP�YDVÕWDVÕ\OD�VDKLSWLU��*HoHUVL]�NÕOPD��RYHUULGLQJ��YH�X]DQWÕ�H[WHQVLRQ�� VW� VÕQÕIODUGDQ� HGLQLOHQ� LúOHPOHULQ� WDPDPÕ\OD� GH÷LúPHVL� YH\DIRQNVL\RQDOLWH� DUWWÕUÕPÕQD� VHEHS� ROXUODU�� 7HNUDU� NXOODQÕODELOLUOLN� LVH� VÕQÕIN�W�SKDQHOHUL�YDVÕWDVÕ\OD�VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU��6ÕQÕI�N�W�SKDQHOHULQLQ�VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ�HVQHNOL÷HUD÷PHQ�� SURJDPFÕODUÕQ� HWNLQ� ELU� NXOODQÕP� LoLQ� \�]OHUFH� VÕQÕI� YH� ELUELUOHUL\OH� RODQ


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 11

LOLúNLOHULQL� |÷UHQPHOHUL� JHUHNPHNWHGLU�� 0LFURVRIW¶XQ� 0)&� �0LFURVRIW� )RXQGDWLRQ&ODVVHV��YH�5RJXH�:DYH¶LQ�7RROV��U�QOHUL�VÕQÕI�N�W�SKDQHOHULQH�|UQHN�YHULOHELOLU�

iii.

ho�QF�� VHYL\HGH�� QHVQH\H� \|QHOLN� SODWIRUPODU� VÕQÕI� N�W�SKDQHOHULQLQ� |WHVLQGHELU� VR\XWODPD� G�]H\L� JHWLULUOHU�� %X� SODWIRUPODU�� VÕQÕI� N�W�SKDQHOHULQH� LODYH� RODUDNQHVQHOHULQ� ELUELUOHUL\OH� HWNLOHúLPOHULQLQ� � WDU]ODUÕQÕ� GD� LoHULU�� %X� QHGHQOH� SODWIRUPJHQHO� ELU� X\JXODPD� ROXS�� VSHVLILN� X\JXODPDODUGD� \HQLGHQ� NXOODQÕODELOLU�� gUQH÷LQ0DF$SS�� 0DFLQWRVK� X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQ� \D]ÕODELOGL÷L� ELU� SODWIRUPGXU�� %|\OHFHSODWIRUPDODU� KHP� WDVDUÕPÕQ� KHP� GH� NRGXQ� WHNUDU� NXOODQÕODELOPHVLQH� RODQDN� WDQÕU�%XUDGD� JHOLúWLULFLQLQ� J|UHYL� X\JXODPD\D� HQ� X\JXQ� SODWIRUPX� EHOLUOHPHNWLU�� %Xplatformlara örnek olarak Taligent�in Commonpoint, IBM�in VisualAge ve3DUF3ODFH�'LJLWDO¶ÕQ�9LVXDO:RUNV��U�QOHUL�YHULOHELOLU�

1HVQH�WHNQRORMLVLQLQ�J�Q�JHoWLNoH�DUWDQ�NXOODQÕPÕ�YH�NDEXO��20*��2EMHFW�0DQDJHPHQW*URXS��YH�2'0*��2EMHFW�'DWD�0DQDJHPHQW�*URXS��JLEL�JUXSODUÕQ�QHVQH\H�\|QHOLNWHNQRORMLGH� VWDQGDUWODúPD� \|Q�QGH� � oDOÕúPDODU� \DSPDODUÕQD� VHEHS� ROPXúWXU�� %XUDGDNLWHPHO� DPDo��QHVQH\H�\|QHOLN� X\JXODPDODUGD� HOGHNL� DUD\�]� WDQÕPODPDODUÕQÕ� GLNNDWH� DODQRUWDN� ELU� \DSÕVDO� VWDQGDUW� ROXúWXUPDNWÕU�� %|\OHFH� \D]ÕOÕP� �U�QOHULQLQ� �� VLVWHPOHULQLQWDúÕQDELOLUOL÷L��NDUúÕOÕNOÕ�oDOÕúDELOLUOL÷L�YH�WHNUDU�NXOODQÕODELOLUOL÷LQL�HOGH�HGLOHELOLU��gUQH÷LQ�20*� WDUDIÕQGDQ� JHOLúWLULOHQ� &25%$� �&RPPRQ� 2EMHFW� 5HTXHVW� %URNHU� $UFKLWHFWXUH�GD÷ÕWÕN� QHVQH\H� \|QHOLN� LVWHPFL� VXQXPFX� PLPDULOHUL� LoLQ� ELU� VWDQGDUWWÕU�� &25%$QHVQHOHULQLQ�úHIIDI�RODUDN�20*¶QLQ�25%¶VL�YDVÕWDVÕ\OD�QHVQH�VXQXPFXODUÕ�LOH�HWNLOHúPHVLRODQDNOÕGÕU�� 25%� KHWHURMHQ� GD÷ÕWÕN� RUWDPODUGDNL� IDUNOÕ� PDNLQDODU� �]HULQGH� oDOÕúDQX\JXODPDODUÕQ�NDUúÕOÕNOÕ�oDOÕúDELOLUOL÷LQL�VD÷ODU��%X�VWDQGDUWODUD�X\XP�J|VWHUHQ�ED]Õ�WLFDULürünler:

· +HZOHWW�3DFNDUG¶ÕQ�'LVWULEXWHG�6PDOOWDON��U�Q��

· 'LJLWDO¶ÕQ�2EMHFW%URNHU��U�Q��

· ,21$¶QÕQ�2UEL[��U�Q��

· IBM�in SOMobjects ürünü.

1.1.2. '$ö,7,.�7(.12/2-ø

'D÷ÕWÕN� WHNQRORML� RWRQRP� ELOJLVD\DU� VLVWHPOHULQLQ� ELU� D÷� �]HULQGH� RUWDN� KDIÕ]DNXOODQPDNVÕ]ÕQ� ED÷ODQDELOPHVL� YH� LúOHWLOHELOPHVLQL� DPDoODU�� g]HOOLNOH� E�\�N� ER\ELOJLVD\DUODUGDQ� NLúLVHO� ELOJLVD\DU� YH� Lú� LVWDV\RQODUÕQD� JHoLOPHVL� � YH� GROD\ÕVÕ\ODX\JXODPDODUÕQ� GD� GD÷ÕWÕN� RODUDN� JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL� JHUH÷L� GD÷ÕWÕN� LúOHPH� |QHPND]DQPÕúWÕU��'D÷ÕWÕN�WHNQRORML�|QFHOHUL�SDUDOHO�YH�ELUELUOHULQH�\DNÕQ�ELOJLVD\DU�VLVWHPOHULQH


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&25%$¶GD� ELU� QHVQHQLQ� DUD\�]�� 20*� � ,'/� LOH� WDQÕPODQÕU�� $UD\�]� WDQÕPÕ� QHVQHQLQJHUoHNOHúWLUGL÷L� LúOHPOHUL� YH� JHUHNOL� JLUGL�oÕNWÕ� SDUDPHWUHOHULQL� EHOLUOHU�� %X� DUD\�]WDQÕPODPDODUÕ� LVWHPFL� YH� VXQXPFX� WDUDIÕQGDNL� LúOHPOHULQ� D\QÕ� DUD\�]� YDVÕDWVÕ\ODJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQH� RODQDN� VD÷ODU�� øVWHPFL� YH� QHVQH� VXQXPFXVX� HQ� D]� �o� NDEXN� � LOHELUELULQGHQ�D\UÕOPÕúWÕU�

· øVWHPFL�WDUDIÕQGD�ELU�,'/�NDEX÷X�

· %LU�25%��H÷HU�X]DNWD�ELU�VLVWHPOH�NDUúÕOÕNOÕ�oDOÕúÕ\RUVD�ELUGHQ�ID]OD�25%��NDEX÷X�

· 1HVQH�VXQXPFXVX�WDUDIÕQGD�ELU�,'/�NDEX÷X�

Bu izolasyon sayesinde önemli bir seviyede esneklik elde edilebilmektedir. CORBA buúHNLOGH� VDUPDODPD\Õ� VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�� øVWHPFLOHU� ELU� QHVQH\H� DQFDN� ,'/� DUD\�]OHULYDVÕWDVÕ\OD� HULúLUOHU� YH� PLPDUL� \DSÕ� EX� DUD\�]�Q� E\SDVV� HGLOHUHN� JHUoHNOHúWLUPHGHWD\ODUÕQD�HULúLPL�HQJHOOHU��%|\OHFH�LVWHPFLOHU

· programlama dilleri,

· LúOHWLP�VLVWHPL�

· GRQDQÕP�SODWIRUPX�

· veri gösterimi,

· D÷��]HULQGHNL�GD÷ÕOÕP�


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 17

· SURWRNROOHU�YH�GL÷HU

IDNW|UOHUGHQ�ED÷ÕPVÕ]�QHVQH�JHUoHNOHúPHVL�VD÷ODU�

,'/� DUD\�]�� LVWHPFL� YH\D� NXOODQÕFÕ\D� EHOLUOL� ELU� HWNLOHúLPL� JDUDQWL� HGHU�� <DQL� LVWHPFLDUD\�]H� EHOLUOL� ELU�PHVDM� \ROODGÕ÷Õ� ]DPDQ� EHNOHQHQ� FHYDEÕQ� JHUL\H� J|QGHULOPHVL� JDUDQWLDOWÕQD� DOÕQPÕúWÕU��1HVQH� VXQXPFXVX� LVH� DUD\�]GH� EHOLUOHQHQ� LúOHPOHULQ� W�P�Q�� KHUKDQJLELU� SURJUDPODPD� GLOLQGH� JHUoHNOHúWLUPHNOH� VRUXPOXGXU�� &25%$� X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL�LNL�IDUNÕ�DúDPDGD�\DSÕOÕU�

· 20*��,'/¶GH�NRQWUDWÕQ�NRGODQPDVÕ�

· C++, C veya Smalltalk gibi programlama dillerinin biriyle bu uygulamDQÕQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL�

Hemen hemen tüm önemli programlama dilleri için OMG standart çevrimcileriWDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU��,'/��YHUL�W�UOHUL��PHWRG�oD÷ÕUPD�YH�GL÷HU�\DSÕODUÕQ�QDVÕO�SURJUDPODPD�GLOLYHUL� W�UOHUL�� IRQNVL\RQ� oD÷ÕUPD� YH� GLO� \DSÕODUÕQD� oHYULOHFH÷LQL� EHOLUOHU�� ,'/� GHUOH\LFLVLoHYULP� WDQÕPODPDODUÕQÕ�NXOODQDUDN� ,'/� LúOHPOHULQL� IRQNVL\RQ�oD÷ÕUPD�N�PHVLQH� oHYLULU�3URJUDPFÕODU� ,'/� N�W�÷�Q�� HVDV� DODUDN� SURJUDPODPD� GLOL� oHYLULFLVLQL� NXOODQDUDNIRQNVL\RQ� NDUúÕOÕNODUÕQÕ� �UHWHELOLUOHU�� 'HUOHPH� YH� OLQN� HWPH� LúOHPOHULQLQ� DUGÕQGDQ� EXIRQNVL\RQODUÕQ� QHVQH� VXQXPFXVXQGD� JHUHNOL� LúOHPOHUL� oD÷ÕUPDODUÕ� VD÷ODQDELOLU�� 'LOoHYLULPL��20*¶\H�DLW�ELU�WDQÕPODPD�ROGX÷X�LoLQ�KHU�ILUPDQÕQ�,'/�GHUOH\LFLVL�YHULOHQ�ELU,'/�N�W�÷��LoLQ�D\QÕ�IRQNVL\RQ�oD÷UÕP�N�PHVLQL�ROXúWXUXU��%|\OHFH�GLO� LoLQ�KDQJL�25%VHoLOLUVH�VHoLOVLQ�QHVQH�VXQXPFXVX�D\QÕ�SURJUDPODPD�GLOL� V|]GL]LPLQL�NXOODQDUDN� LVNHOHW\DSÕ\D�HULúLU��(÷HU�IDUNOÕ�25%�SODWIRUPXQD�JHoLú�V|]�NRQXVX�ROXUVD�SURJUDP�NRGXQXQ�EXSDUoDVÕ�NROD\OÕNOD�WDúÕQDELOLU�

+DOL�KD]ÕUGD�&25%$��&��&��6PDOOWDON��$GD��&2%2/�YH�-DYD�SURJUDPODPD�GLOOHUL�LoLQ,'/� � GLO� oHYULPOHUL� WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU�� 'LO� oHYULPLQGH� 20*� WDUDIÕQGDQ� ELU� VWDQGDUWJHWLULOPHPLúWLU�� :HE� �]HULQGH� 25%²25%� � ED÷ODQDELOLUOL÷L� VD\HVLQGH� � &25%$QHVQHOHULQLQ� D÷� �]HULQGHQ� NDUúÕOÕNOÕ� LúOHUOL÷L� VD÷ODQDELOPHNWHGLU�� 25%¶OHU� D÷� �]HULQGHQHVQH� \HU� ELOJLOHULQL� ELUELUOHULQH� LOHWPHN� PDNVDGÕ\OD� 20*� WDUDIÕQGDQ� EHOLUOHQHQ� ,'5�,QWHURSHUDEOH�2EMHFW�5HIHUHQFH��VHUYLVLQL�NXOODQPDNWDGÕU��%X�ELOJL\L�X\JXODPDQÕQ�QHVQHUHIHUDQVODUÕQGDQ� oÕNDUPDN� RODQDNOÕ� GH÷LOGLU�� øVWHPFL� X\JXODPDODUÕ� ELU� QHVQHQLQ� \HULQLDQFDN��NHQGLVLQH�EX�ELOJL�YHULOGL÷LQGH�|÷UHQHELOLU�

,QWHUQHW� �]HULQGHNL� � ,QWHU�2UE� 3URWRNRO� YH\D� ,,23� SURWRNROOHUL� � 20*� JUXEX� WDUDIÕQGDQVWDQGDUW� SURWRNROOHU� RODUDN� JHOLúWLULOPLú� ROXS� IDUNOÕ� 25%¶OHU� DUDVÕQGD� NDUúÕOÕNOÕ� LúOHUOL÷LVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU��<D]ÕOÕP�SL\DVDVÕQGD�EXOXQDQ�25%¶OHU�GLUHNW�RODUDN�\DGD�ELU�DUD\RO�YH\DELU� SUR[\� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� ,,23� LOH� ELUELUOHUL� LOH� � NRQXúDELOPHNWHGLUOHU�� ',,� �'\QDPLF,QYRFDWLRQ� ,QWHUIDFH�� &25%$� VLVWHPOHULQH� HVQHNOLN� ND]DQPÕúWÕU�� ',,� KHUKDQJL� ELUistemciye

· yeni nesneleri bulma,


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 18

· EXQODUÕQ�DUD\�]OHULQL�EXOPD�

· oD÷UÕPODUÕ�ROXúWXUPD�YH�JHUoHNOHúWLUPH�YH

· VRQXoODUÕ�HOGH�HWPH

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1.3.1.2. 20$�0ø0$5ø6ø

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· 1HVQH�LúOHPFLOHULQLQ�QDVÕO�oD÷UÕODFD÷ÕQÕ��20*��,'/¶GH�KD]ÕUODQPÕú�V|]GL]LPGRNXPDQÕ��YH

· +HU� LúOHPLQ�QH�\DSWÕ÷ÕQÕ� LoHULU� �øQJLOL]FH�RODUDN�KD]ÕUODQPÕú�RODQ� DQODPELOLPGRNXPDQÕ��

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1.3.1.3. &25%$�6(59ø6/(5ø


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 19

CORBA Servisleri nesneye yönelik uygulama ve parçalar için temel, sistem seviyesindeKL]PHWOHU� VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�� )RUPHO� RODUDN� VD÷ODQDQ� �� VHUYLV� DúD÷ÕGD� OLVWHOHQPLúWLU�� %XVHUYLVOHU�\HQL�V�U�POHUGH�DUWPDNWDGÕU�

1.

<DúDP�G|QJ�V��VHUYLVL�

2.

%D÷ÕQWÕ�VHUYLVL�

3.

øVLPOHQGLUPH�VHUYLVL�

4.

.DOÕFÕ�QHVQH�VHUYLVL�

5.

Globalizasyon servisi.

6.

Event servisi.

7.

Nesne sorgulama servisi.

8.

Nesne karakteristikleri servisi.

9.

Haraket servisi.

10.

3DUDOHO�LúOHPH�VHUYLVL�

11.

Lisans servisi.

12.

Güvenlik servisi.

13.

Güvenli zaman servisi.

14.

Ticaret servisi.

15.

Nesne kolleksiyon servisi.

&25%$�YH�20*��,'/�X\JXODPDODUÕQ� �ELUELUOHULQH�ED÷ODQGÕNODUÕ� WHOHIRQ�KDWWÕ�YH�DOIDEHRODUDN� G�ú�Q�OHELOLU�� 20$� LVH� X\JXODPDODUÕQ� ELUELUOHUL� LOH� NRQXúWXNODUÕ� GLOLVWDQGDUWODúWÕUPDNWDGÕU��%XQD�LODYH�RODUDN�øVLPOHQGLUPH�YH�7LFDUHW�JLEL�VHUYLVOHU�YDVÕWDVÕ\ODLVWHPFL� YH� QHVQH� JHUoHNOHúWLULFLVLQH� WHPHO� LúOHWPH� VHUYLVOHUL� VXQXOXU�� %|\OHFH� ELU� VHUYLVYH\D�QHVQH\L�NXOODQPDN�LVWHGL÷LQL]GH�\HULQL�EXOXS�LOHWLúLP�NXUXS�NXOODQDELOLUVLQL]�

1.3.1.4. CORBA ÜST S(59ø6/(5ø


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 20

&25%$�hVW�6HUYLVOHUL�NDEX÷X�20*�WDUDIÕQGDQ�LNL�|QHPOL�SDUoD\D�D\UÕOPÕúWÕU��\DWD\�YHdikey olmak üzere. CORBA Üst Servisleri, CORBA Servisleri ve Uygulama1HVQHOHULQLQ� DUDVÕQÕ� GROGXUPDNWDGÕU�� 7�P� PLPDUL� \DSÕ� WLFDUL� ELU� �U�Q� RODUDNG�ú�Q�OG�÷�QGH� úLUNHWOHULQ� VLVWHPOHULQL� HQWHJUH� HWPHOHUL� LoLQ� JHUHNOL� RODQ� X\JXODPDVHYL\HVLQGH� YHUL� YH� LúOHPOHULQ� RUWDN� NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD� RODQDN� WDQÕU�� (Q� �VW� VHYL\HGHX\JXODPD� QHVQHOHULQLQ� VWDQGDUWODúPDVÕ� ]RU� ROGX÷XQGDQ�� LVWHPFL� SDUoD� \D]ÕOÕPODUÕQNXOODQDELOHFH÷L� � RUWD� VHYL\HGHNL� &25%$� hVW� 6HUYLVOHUL� VWDQGDUWODúWÕUÕODELOLU�� %|\OHFHWHPHO� LúOHPOHU�HQ�DOW�VHYL\HGH� �&25%$�6HUYLVOHUL\OH��RUWD�|OoHNOL� LúOHPOHU�&25%$�hVW6HUYLVOHUL\OH� DUWWÕUÕP� YH� HQWHJUDV\RQ� JHUHNWLUHQ� LúOHPOHU� LVH� HQ� �VW� VHYL\HGHJHUoHNOHúWLUOHELOLU�

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· .XOODQÕFÕ�DUD\�]��

· Veri yönetimi.

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· øú�\|QHWLPL�

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· øú�QHVQHOHUL�

· )LQDQV��$OÕúYHULú�

· Elektronik Ticaret.

· Üretim.

· Telekominikasyon.

· 6D÷OÕN�

· 7DúÕPD�

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 21

ED÷ODQPDODUÕ� V|]� NRQXVXGXU�� ¶OL� \ÕOODUÕQ� EDúODUÕQGD� 26,� �2SHQ� 6\VWHPV,QWHUFRQQHFWLRQ�� LOH� \HGL� VHYL\HGH� ED÷ODQDELOLUOLN� WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU>=LPPHUPDQ��@��%X� HQDOWWD�ELW�YH�E\WH�VHYL\HVLQGH�ED÷ODQDELOLUOLNWHQ�HQ��VW�VHYL\HGH�X\JXODPD�SURWRNROOHULQGHED÷ODQDELOLUOL÷H� RODQDN� YHUPHNWHGLU>812��@�� $\QÕ� YH\D� IDUNOÕ� PDNLQDODUGDNL� LúOHPOHULVRFNHW¶OHU�YDVÕWDVÕ\OD�ELUELUOHULQH�ED÷ODQPDN�P�PN�QG�U�

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· NEO (SunSoft).

· VisiBroker (VisiGenic).

· PowerBroker (ExperSoft).

· SmallTalkBroker (DNS Technologies).

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· DSOM (IBM).

· DAIS (ICL).

· SORBET (Siemens Nixdorf).

· NonStop DOM (Tandem).

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 22

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1.3.2.2.1. ACTIVEX K21752//(5ø

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 27

· '&20� DoÕN� WHNQRORML� ROPDVÕ� JHUH÷L� IDUNOÕ� SODWIRUPODUGD� oDOÕúDELOPHNWHGLU�0LFURVRIW�� '&20¶XQ� IDUNOÕ� LúOHWLP� VLVWHPOHULQGH� oDOÕúDELOPHVLQLGHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�� %X� KHU� W�UO��81,;� ED÷ÕPOÕ�PDNLQDODU� LoLQ� JHoHULGLU�� 6RIWZDUH$*��'&20¶X�6RODULV�ED÷ÕPOÕ�LúOHWLP�VLVWHPOHULQGH��GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�

1.3.2.3.1. DCOM VE Aö/$5

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1.3.2.3.2. DCOM VE INTERNET

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· '&20� � 7&3�,3�� 8'3�,3�� ,3;�63;�� $SSOH7DON� YH� +773� JLEL� IDUNOÕ� D÷SURWRNROOHUL�LOH�SDUoD�SURJUDPODUÕQ�HWNLOHúPHVLQH�RODQDN�WDQÕU�

· '&20�SURJUDPODPD�GLOLQGHQ�ED÷ÕPVÕ]�ROPDVÕ�JHUH÷L� �-DYD�$SSOHW¶OHUL�YH�GLOGHQED÷ÕPVÕ]�$FWLYH;�SDUoDODUÕQÕQ�,QWHUQHW��]HULQGH�NDUúÕOÕNOÕ�HWNLOHúPHVLQL�VD÷ODU�

· DCOM Internet üzerinde Java programlama diline ilave olarak C, COBOL, Basic,3DVFDO� SURJUDPODPD� GLOOHULQGH� ROXúWXUXODELOHQ� SDUoD� SURJUDPODUÕQ� ELUELUOHUL� LOHHWNLOHúPHVLQL�VD÷ODU�

· DCOM Internet�in onaya dayanan güvenlik sistemine Window NT�nin dahazengin güvenlik seviye ve servislerini entegre edebilemektedir.

· '&20�LOHWLúLP�WHNQRORMLVLQGH�oRN�\D\JÕQ�RODUDN�NXOODQÕOPDNWD�RODQ�2SHQ�*URXS'&(��53&�PHNDQL]PDVÕQD�ED÷ÕPOÕGÕU�


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 28

1.3.2.3.3. DCOM VE P$5d$ <$=,/,0 ø+7ø<$&,

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· VLVWHPGH�PH\GDQD�JHOHELOHFHN�ELU�KDWD��DNVDPD�VRQUDVÕ�SDUoD�SURJUDPODUÕQ�NODVLNUROOEDFN�YH�NXUWDUPD�LúOHPOHULQH�RODQDN�YHUHQ�KDUDNHW�

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· VXQXPFX� �]HULQGH� oDOÕúDQ� SDUoD� X\JXODPDODUÕQ� +70/¶H� ED÷ÕPOÕ� X\XPOXuygulamalarla kolay entegrasyonu ve

· legacy sistemlerin parça uygulamalarla entegrasyonunu

VD÷ODU�

1.3.3. COM VE OMG CORBA ARASINDAKI FARKLAR

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 29

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· %LUOHúLN�'RN�PDQ²2/(�\DSÕVDO�VDNODPD��2SHQ'RF�LVH�%HQWR�\DSÕVDO�VDNODPD\|QWHPLQL�NXOODQÕU�

· Nesne Modeli�OLE�de COM, OpenDoc�da SOM nesne modelleridir.

· Nesneye-Yönelim�OLE nesneye dayanan, OpenDoc ise nesneye yöneliktir.

· CORBA�ya Uyum²2/(¶GH�&25%$� WDQÕPDODPDODUÕ� NXOODQÕOPDPDNOD� EHUDEHUNDUúÕOÕNOÕ� LúOHUOLN� YH� SD\ODúÕP� LoLQ� SUDWLN� o|]�POHU� �UHWLOPLúWLU�� 2SHQ'RF&25%$¶\Õ�WDNLS�HWPHNWHGLU�

· $÷� <D]ÕOÕP� 'HVWH÷L�OLE�de DCOM, OpenDoc�da DSOM ve CORBA 2uyumlu ORB�ler desteklenmektedir.

· Güvenlik²2/(¶GH� &20� '&(�53&� RWXUXP� RWRUL]DV\RQX� LOH� LúOHWLP� VLVWHPLJ�YHQOL÷LQGHQ� LVWLIDGH� HGLOPHNWHGLU�� 2SHQ'RF� LVH� &25%$¶QÕQ� J�YHQOLNúHPVL\HVLQL�NXOODQPDNWDGÕU�


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 30

2/(�� &20� YH� '&20� �:LQGRZV¶XQ� SODWIRUP� RODUDN� NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ� PDVD�VW�� ELOJLVD\DU\D]ÕOÕP� SD]DUÕQGD� �VW�QO�N� VD÷ODUNHQ� 2SHQ'RF�620� :LQGRZV� GÕúÕQGD� PDVD�VW�ELOJLVD\DU��Lú�LVWDV\RQODUÕ�YH�GL÷HU�SODWIRUPODUGD�EDúDUÕOÕ�RODFDNWÕU��$÷�RUWDPODUÕQGD�NROD\NXOODQÕP��NDUúÕOÕNOÕ�LúOHUOLN��WHNUDU�NXOODQÕODELOLUOLN�YH�KD]ÕU�EXOXQDELOLUOLN�IDNW|UOHUL�KDQJLWHNQRORMLQLQ�NDEXO�J|UHFH÷LQL�EHOLUOH\HFHN�IDNW|UOHULQ�EDúÕQGD�JHOPHNWHGLU��%X�IDNW|UOHUHX]XQ� YDGHGH� NDOLWH�� IRQNVL\RQDOLWH�� ID\GD� YH� SD]DUGDNL� NXOODQÕFÕ�JHOLúWLULFL� SD\ÕQÕ� GDeklemek gerekmektedir.

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 31

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 42

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 43

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 44

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 45

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 46

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 47

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øú� 6LVWHPOHUL� 3ODQODPD� *HUHoOHUL�� 7HPHO� DPDo� IDUNOÕ� RUJDQL]DV\RQHO� ELULPOHUDUDVÕQGDNL� YHUL� DNÕú� ELOJLVLQLQ� PRGHOOHQPHVLGLU�� %X� NDWHJRULGHNL� |UQHN� JHUHoOHU�Foundation (Arthur Anderson), Interactive Engineering Workbench(Knowledgeware), Information Engineering Facility (Texas Instruments).

2.

3URMH�<|QHWLPL�*HUHoOHUL��%X� JHUHoOHU� SURMH� \|QHWLFLOHULQH� \D]ÕOÕP� LoLQ� JHUHNOL� RODQLúJ�F�� SDUD� YH� ]DPDQ� WDKPLQLQL� VD÷ODU�� %X� NDWHJRULGHNL� |UQHN� JHUHoOHU�� '(&3ODQ(DEC), Mac Project (Apple Computer), RMS/PC, R-Trace (Transform Logic),Checkpoint (Software Productivity Research).

3.

'HVWHN� *HUHoOHUL�� %X� JHUHoOHULQ� DPDFÕ� WHPHO� \D]ÕOÕP� P�KHQGLVOL÷L� V�UHoOHULQLWDQÕPODPDGD� X\JXODPD� GHVWH÷L� YHUPHNWLU�� 'HVWHN� JHUHoOHUL� G|UW� IDUNOÕ� NDWHJRULGHGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU�

· Dokümantasyon gereçleri: Interleaf (Interleaf), PageMaker (Aldus)

· 6LVWHP�\D]ÕOÕP�JHUHoOHUL��81,;��øú�LVWDV\RQ��UHWLFLOHUL��906��'(&�

· Kalite güvence gereçleri: Q/Auditor (Eden Systems), Auditor (SoftwareCorp.)

· 9HUL� WDEDQÕ� JHUHoOHUL�� &&&� �6RIWDUH� &RUS�� (326� �6RIWZDUH� 3URGXFWVServices, Inc.)

4.

$QDOL]� YH� 7DVDUÕP�*HUHoOHUL�� %X� JHUHoOHU� \D]ÕOÕP�P�KHQGLVLQH� WDVDUODQDFDN� VLVWHPPRGHOLQL� RWRPDWLN� �� \DUÕ�RWRPDWLN� RODUDN� �UHWPH� GHVWH÷L� VD÷ODU�� %X� JHUHoOHU� VLVWHPPRGHOLQLQ��UHWLOPHVL�\DQÕVÕUD�PRGHO�NDOLWHVLQL�GH÷HUOHQGLUPHNWH�GH�NXOODQÕOÕU��$QDOL]YH�WDVDUÕP�JHUHoOHUL��DQD�NDWHJRUL\H�D\UÕODELOLU�

· <DSÕVDO� DQDOL]� YH� WDVDUÕP� JHUHoOHUL�� 7HDPZRUN� �&DGUH� WHFKQRORJLHV�� ,QF��Software Through Pictures (Interactive Development Environments),Excelerator (Index Technologies).

· 3URWRWLS� YH� EHQ]HúLP� JHUHoOHUL�� 6WDWHPDWH� �,�ORJL[�� &DUG7RRO�5HDG\Systems), ADAS (Cadre Technologies).

· $UD\�]� WDVDUÕP�YH�JHOLúWLUPH�JHUHoOHUL��0RWLI� �2SHQ�6RIWZDUH�)RXQGDWLRQ��Windows (Microsoft), UIMX (Visual Edge Software, Hewlett-Packard).

· $QDOL]� YH� WDVDUÕP� oÕNDUÕP� PDNLQDODUÕ�� 9LUWXDO� 6RIWZDUH� )DFWRU\(Systematica), DECDesign (DEC).


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 48

5.

3ODQODPD�JHUHoOHUL��%X�JHUHoOHU�IDUNOÕ�SURJUDPODPD�GLOOHULQLQ�W�P�RODQDNODUÕQÕ�NDSVDUYH��o�DQD�NDWHJRUL\H�D\UÕOPDNWDGÕU�

· .ODVLN�.RGODPD� JHUHoOHUL�� VD\ÕODUÕ� \�]OHUL� EXODQ� GHUOH\LFL�� HGLWRU� YH� \DQOÕúD\ÕNOD\ÕFÕODU��GHEXJJHU��

· ��.XúDN� .RGODPD� JHUHoOHUL�� 1HWURQ�&$3� �1HWURQ�� &RUYLVLRQ� �&RUWH[��Transform (Transform Logic), Meastro (Softlab)

· Nesneye Yönelik Programlama gereçleri: Objective-C (Stepstone, Inc.),Eiffel (Interactive Software Engineering), Smalltalk V (Digitalk),ObjectWorks (ParcPlace Systems), Encapsulator (Hewlett-Packard).

6.

Entegrasyon ve test gereçleri: Bu gereçler üç ana kategoride incelenmektedir:

· 6WDWLN�DQDOL]�JHUHoOHUL��\D]ÕOÕP�P�KHQGLVLQH�WHVW�|UQHNOHUL�oÕNDUPDGD�GHVWHNverir. Bu kategorideki örnekler BAT/ACT (McCabe Associates, Inc.), T�3URJUDPPLQJ� (QYLURQPHQWV�� ,QF�� %X� JHUHoOHU� SL\DVD\D� �o� IDUNOÕ� úHNLOGHV�U�OP�úW�U�

¨

Koda dayanan test gereçleri

¨

8]PDQODúPÕú�WHVW�GLOOHUL��$7/$6�JLEL�

¨

Gereksinime dayanan test gereçleri

· 'LQDPLN�DQDOL]�JHUHoOHUL��oDOÕúDQ�SURJUDPOD�HWNLOHúHUHN�\D]ÕOÕP�P�KHQGLVLQLdestekler. Bu kategorideki örnekler Xray/DX (Microtec Research), TCAT-PATH/C (Software Research), Software Analysis Workstation (CadreTechnologies).

· Test yönetim gereçleri: DTM (DEC), T (Programming Environments, Inc.).

7.

3URWRWLS� �UHWPH� JHUHoOHUL�� %X� JHUHoOHU� SURWRWLS� PHWRGRORMLVLQH� GD\DQDQ� \D]ÕOÕPP�KHQGLVOL÷L�PHWRGRORMLVLQL�JHUoHNOHúWLULU��%X�NDWHJRULGHNL�|UQHN�JHUHoOHU�+\SHUFDUG(Apple Computer), Demo II (Norton Utilities), Focus (Information Builders), VAXCOBOL generators (DEC), SQL Forms, Menu, Report Writer (Oracle).

8.

%DNÕP� JHUHoOHUL�� <D]ÕOÕPOD� LOH� LOJLOL� LúOHULQ� \DNODúÕN� ��¶LQL� ROXúWXUDQ� EDNÕPV�UHoOHULQL�JHUoHNOHúWLULU��øNL�DQD�\DNODúÕP�

· Ters Mühendislik Gereçleri (statik / dinamik): Objective-C Browser(Stepstone), Seela (Tuval Software Industries), EDSA (Array Systems),PathMap (Cadre), HyperVue (Ten X Technology), VIA/Center (ViaSoft,Inc.).


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 49

· Tekrar Mühendislik Gereçleri: Bachman Re-engineering Product Set(Bachman Information System), Pathvue & Retrofit (XA Systems Corp.).

9.

)UDPHZRUN�*HUHoOHUL��&$6(�JHUHoOHUL��YHUL�WDEDQÕ�\|QHWLP�VLVWHPOHUL��NRQILJXUDV\RQ\|QHWLPLQL�GHVWHNOH\HQ�KHWHURMHQ�HQWHJUDV\RQ�SODWIURPODUÕGÕU��%X�NDWHJRULGHNL�|UQHNgereçler Software Backplane (Atherton Technology), AD/Cycle (IBM), Cohesion(DEC), DSEE (Hewlett-Packard, Apollo), NSE (Sun Microsystems).

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iii.

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iv.

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v.

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9HUL�HQWHJUDV\RQXQXQ�DPDFÕ�JHUHoOHULQ�SD\ODúWÕ÷Õ�ELU�YHUL�GHSRVX�ROXúWXUPDNWÕU��%|\OHFHW�P�JHUHoOHU�RUWDN�YHUL�PRGHOLQL�SD\ODúÕU�YH�QHVQH�\|QHWLP�VHUYLVOHULQL�GHVWHNOH\HQ�JOREDOELU�DUD\�]�LOH�HWNLOHúLU��%X�\DNODúÕP�LON�RODUDN�$%'�6DYXQPD�%DNDQOÕ÷Õ¶ÕQFD�KD]ÕUODWÕODQraporla (�Requirements for Ada Programming Support Environments�)|QHULOPLúWL>:DVVHUPDQ��@�� %|\OH� ELU� RUWDN� YHUL� GHSRVXQX� LON� NH]� WLFDUL� RODUDN� � ,'(¶V6RIWZDUH� ILUPDVÕ� 3LFWXUHV� LVPL\OH� SL\DVD\D� V�UG�� ,%0� LVH� VDGHFH�PRGHO� RODUDN� �$'� �&\FOH��U�Q��LOH�RUWDN�YHUL�GHSR�\|QHWLFLVL�YH�RUWDN�YHUL�PRGHOLQL�GHVWHNOHPLúWLU�

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 50

HQWHJUDV\RQX� D\QÕ� ]DPDQGD� &25%$¶GD� GD� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� *HUHo� HQWHJUDV\RQX� EXIDNW|UOHU� VHEHEL\OH� NDUPDúÕN� ELU� V�UHo� ROXS� WHNQLN� YH� Lú� XQVXUODUÕQÕQ� ELU� DUD\DJHWLULOPHVLQL�JHUHNWLUPHNWHGLU>.LWFKHQKDP��3DUQDV��@��6WDQGDUWODUÕQ�JHOLúNLQ��ROPDPDVÕVHEHEL\OH� DQFDN� LNLúHUOL� JHUHo� HQWHJUDV\RQX� \ROXQD� JLGLOPLúWLU�� <D]ÕOÕP� JHOLúWLUPHGHNXUDPVDO� YH� SUDWLN� GHQH\LPOHU� �� |QHPOL� IDNW|U� �]HULQGH� GXUPDNWDGÕU�� %X� IDNW|UOHUgünümüz ve gelecek bilgi teknolojilerinin en önemli özelliklerini belirlemektedir:

· Soyutlama.

· $QDOL]�YH�WDVDUÕP�PHWRGODUÕ�YH�IRUPDOL]DV\RQ�

· .XOODQÕFÕ�DUD\�]�SURWRWLS��UHWLPL�

· Modülerite ve mimari.

· <DúDP�G|QJ�V��YH�V�UHoOHU�

· 7HNUDU�NXOODQÕODELOLUOLN�

· Ölçütler.

· *HUHo�YH�HQWHJUDV\RQ�RUWDPODUÕ�

6RQ�ELU�NDo�\ÕOGÕU�\D]ÕOÕP�P�KHQGLVOL÷L�V�UHoOHULQGH�EX�IDNW|UOHU�NÕVPHQ�X\JXODQPÕú�ROXSND\GD� GH÷HU� ELU� LOHUOHPH� HOGH� HGLOPLúWLU>&KLNRIVN\��@�� gUQH÷LQ� QHVQH\H� \|QHOLNWHNQLNOHULQ� \D\JÕQODúDQ� NDEXO�� YH� $3,¶OHUH� �$SSOLFDWLRQ� 3URJUDPPLQJ� ,QWHUIDFHV�� RODQWDOHS� VR\XWODPD� YH� PRGXODULWHQLQ� HOGH� HGLOPHVLQGH� |QHPOL� LOHUOHPHOHU� DUDVÕQGDVD\ÕOPDNWDGÕU�� ,QWHUQHW� YH� :RUOG� :LGH� :HE� LOH� LOJLOL� JHOLúHQ� NDYUDPODUÕQ� oR÷XQOX÷XEHQ]HU� ILNLUOHULQ� X\JXODQPDVÕ� RODUDN� J|U�OHELOLU�� $\QÕ� úHNLOGH� 5$'� JHUHoOHULQLQ� RUWD\DoÕNPDVÕ\OD� WHNUDU� NXODQÕODELOLUOLN�� -DYD� 6DQDO� 0DNLQDVÕ� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� GD� HOGH� HGLOHQVR\XWODPD� |QHPOL� LOHUOHPHOHU� DUDVÕQGD� VD\ÕODELOLU�� %X� JHUHoOHULQ� KHSVL� NROOHNWLI� RODUDN\D]ÕOÕP� VLVWHPOHULQLQ� �UHWLOPHVLQGHNL� ]DPDQ� PDVUDIÕQÕ� D]DOWÕUNHQ� EDNÕP� NROD\OÕ÷ÕQÕ� GDVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU>%RHKP��@�

<D]ÕOÕP�P�KHQGLVOL÷LQLQ�ELU�P�KHQGLVOLN�GLVLSOLQL�ROGX÷X�DQFDN�\ÕOODU�VRQUD�GRQDQÕPGDQ]L\DGH� \D]ÕOÕPÕQ� |QHP� ND]DQPDVÕ\OD� ELUOLNWH� SHNLúPLúWLU�� $QFDN� GLVLSOLQLQ� � HQ� |QHPOLSUREOHPL� RWXUPXú� IRUPHO� PRGHO� HNVLNOL÷L� YH� VWDQGDUWODúPDGDNL� \HWHUVL]OL÷LGLU�� <D]ÕOÕPP�KHQGLVOL÷L�PHWRGRORMLOHULQLQ�WXWDUOÕ�RODUDN�NXOODQÕPÕ�DQFDN�GLVLSOLQLQ�ROJXQODúPDVÕ� LOHP�PN�Q�RODFDNWÕU��2OJXQODúPD�V�UHFL�KDOL�KD]ÕUGDNL�JHOLúWLUPH�PHWRGRORMLOHULQLQ�YH�JHUHoHQWHJUDV\RQ�PHNDQL]PDODUÕQÕQ�NRQVROXGDV\RQX�LOH�P�PN�Q�RODFDNWÕU�

2.3. <$=,/,0�0h+(1'ø6/øöø�67$1'$57/$5,


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 51

2.3.1. *ø5øù

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2.3.3. NEDEN STANDAR7/$5$�ø+7ø<$d�9$5"

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 52

· .DOLWH� J�YHQFHVL� HQ� L\L� GHQH\LPL� YH� SUDWL÷L� \DQVÕWDQ� VWDQGDUWODUÕQ� WDNLSHGLOPHVLQL�]RUXQOX�NÕODU�

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I.

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· ABD: ANSI (American National Standards Institute), NIST (NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology).

· øQJLWHUH��%6,��%ULWLVK�6WDQGDUGV�,QVWLWXWH��

· Fransa: ANFOR.

· Almanya: DIN (Deutsches Institute Für Normung).

· Kanada: EDP (Canada Government Standards Committee).

· Japonya: JIS (Japanase Industrial Standards Committee).

II.

8OXVODUDUDVÕ�YH�%|OJHVHO�6WDQGDUG�2OXúWXUDQ�.XUXOXúODU�

· ISO (International Organization for Standardization).

· IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission).

· IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing).

· IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).

· ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

· W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).

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· DoD (Department of Defense, USA).

· NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organiation).

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2101-M-T-A-02.doc 55

· IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electonics Engineers).

· ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers).

· DISA (Data Interchange Standards Organization).

· ITI (Information Technology Industry Council).

· ICI (International Communications Industries).

· NIST (Institute of Standards and Technology).

2.3.7. %(//ø�%$ù/,�<AZILIM STANDARTLARI

%X� NÕVÕPGD� \D]ÕOÕP� VHNW|U�QGH� G�Q\DGD� HQ� oRN� NXOODQÕODQ� WHNQLN�� WLFDUL� YH� DVNHULVWDQGDUWODU� RUMLQDO� LVLPOHUL\OH� OLVWOHQPLúWLU>,(((��@�� ,(((� YH� ,62� VWDQGDUWODUÕ� WHNQLN� YHWLFDUL�RODUDN�HQ�oRN�NDEXO�J|UHQ�VWDQGDUWODUGÕU��$VNHUL�\D]ÕOÕP�X\JXODPDODUÕ�GD�1$72�YH$%'�XOXVDO�VWDQGDUWODUÕQD�GD\DQPDNWDGÕU�

2.3.7.1. IEEE YAZILIM STANDARTLARI

· IEEE 610.12: Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology

· IEEE 730: Software Quality Assurance Plans

· IEEE 730.1: Guide for Software Assurance Planning

· IEEE 828: Software Configuration Management Plans

· IEEE 829: Software Test Documentation

· IEEE 830: Software Requirements Specifications

· IEEE 982.1: Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software

· IEEE 982.2: Guide for the Use of IEEE Standard Dictionary of Measures

to Produce Reliable Software

· IEEE 1002: Taxonomy of Software Engineering Standards


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 56

· IEEE 1008: Software Unit Testing

· IEEE 1012: Software Verification and Validation Plans

· IEEE 1012.1: Guide for Software Verification and Validation Plans

· IEEE 1016: Recommended Practice for Software Design Descriptions

· IEEE 1016.1: Guide to Software Design Descriptions

· IEEE 1028: Software Reviews and Audits

· IEEE 1042: Software Configuration Management

· IEEE 1044: Classification for Software Anomalies

· IEEE 1045: Software Productivity Metrics

· IEEE 1058.1: Software Project Management Plans

· IEEE 1061: A Software Quality Metrics Methodology

· IEEE 1062: Recommended Practice for Software Acquisition

· IEEE 1063: Software Users Documentation

· IEEE 1074: Standard for Software Life Cycle Process

· IEEE 1209: Recommended Practice for the Evaluation and Selection of

CASE Tools

· IEEE 1219: Software Mainetance

· IEEE 1228: Software Safety Plans

2.3.7.2. ISO YAZILIM STANDARTLARI

· ISO 2382: Information Processing Vocabulary

· ISO TR 12382: Permuted Index of the Vocabulary of Information

Technology

· ISO 2382-20: Information Technology-Vocabulary Part 20: System

Development

· ISO 5806: Information Processing-Specification of Single-Hit Decision-

Tables


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 57

· ISO 5807: Information Processing-Documentation Symbols and

Conventions for Data, Program and System Flowcharts, Program Network

Charts and System Resource Charts

· ISO 6592: Information Processing-Guidelines for the Documentation of

Computer-Based Application Systems

· ISO 6593: Information Processing-Program Flow for Processing

Sequential Files in Terms of Record Groups

· ISO 8631: Information Technology-Program Constructs and Conventions

for Their Representation

· ISO 8790: Information Processing Systems-Computer System

Configuration Diagram Symbols and Conventions

· ISO 9000-3: Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standarts�Part

3, Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001 to the Development, Supply, and

Maintenance of Software

· ISO 9001: Quality Systems�Model for Quality Assurance in Design /

Development, Production, Installation and Servicing

· ISO 9126: Information Technology�Software Product Evaluation�

Quality Characteristics and Guidelines for their Use

· ISO 9127: Information Processing Systems�User Documentation and

Cover Information for Customer Software Packages

· ISO TR 9294: Information Processing�Guidelines for the Management

of Software Documentation

2.3.7.3. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY SEI (SOFTWAREENGINEERING INSTITUTE) STANDARTLARI

· SEI CMU/SEI-87-TR-23 A Method for Assessing the Software

Engineering Capability of Contractors

· SEI CMU/SEI-91-TR-24 Capability Maturity Model for Software


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 58

· SEI CMU/SEI-91-TR-25 Key Practices of the Capability Maturity

Model

2.3.7.4. NATO STANDARTLARI

· NATO AQAP-13 Software Quality Control Requirements

· NATO AQAP-14 Guide for the Evaluation of a Contractor�s Software

Quality Control System for Compliance with AQAP-13

· NATO STANAG 4159 Material Configuration Management Policy and

Procedure for Multinational Joint Projects

2.3.7.5. DOD YAZILIM STANDARTLARI

· DOD AFISC SSH 1-1 Software System Safety

· DOD AFSC/AFLCP 800-45 Acquisition Management Softare Risk

Abatement

· DOD AFSCP 800-14 Air Force Systems Command Software Quality

Indicators

· DOD AFSCP 800-43 Air Force System Command Software Management

Indicators

· DOD ASDP 800-5 Software Development Capability / Capacity Review

· DOD DOD-STD-1467 (AR) Software Support Environment

· DOD DOD-STD-2167A Defense System Software Development

· DOD DOD-STD-2168 Defense System Software Quality Program

· DOD DOD-STD-7935A DOD Automated Information Systems (AIS)

Documentation Standards

· DOD IDS 1501200001 ICAM Documentation Standards


2101-M-T-A-02.doc 59

· DOD MIL-HDBK-59A Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic

Support (CALS) Program Implementation Guide

· DOD MIL-HDBK-286 A Guide for DOD-STD-2168 Defense System

Software Quality Program

· DOD MIL-HDBK-287 A Tailoring Guide for DOD-STD-2167A Defense

System Software Development

· DOD MIL-HDBK-347 Mission Critical Computer Resources Software

Support

· DOD MIL-HDBK-782 (AR) Software Support Environment Acquisition

· DOD MIL-STD-490A Specification Practices

· DOD MIL-STD-882B System Safety Program Requirements

· DOD MIL-STD-973 Configuration Management

· DOD MIL-STD-1521 B (USAF) Technical Reviews and Audits for

Systems, Equipments, and Computer Software

· DOD MIL-STD-1535B Supplier Quality Assurance Program

Requirements

· DOD MIL-STD-1574A (USAF) System Safety Program for Space and

Missile Systems

· DOD MIL-STD-1803 (USAF) Software Development Integrity Program

(SDIP)

· DOD NBSIR 79-1940 (R) ICAM Software Documentation Standards

· DOD NSWC TR 89-33 Software System Safety Design Guidelines and

Recommendadtions

· DOD TADSTAND E Software Development, Documentation, Testing

Policy for Navy Mission Critical Systems

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dDOÕœPD%HOJHVL - İnovasyon · nesneye yönelik programlama (OOPŠObject-Oriented Programming)...

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