DCTE 760/860 Instruction Delivery Systems DCTE 860 Professor Gertrude (Trudy) W. Abramson, Ed.D....

DCTE 760/860DCTE 760/860Instruction Delivery SystemsInstruction Delivery Systems

DCTE 860DCTE 860Professor Gertrude (Trudy) W. Abramson, Ed.D.Professor Gertrude (Trudy) W. Abramson, Ed.D.

DCTE 760DCTE 760Patricia M. Deubel, Ph.D.Patricia M. Deubel, Ph.D.

P. Deubel, Ph.D. DCTE 760

Goals for this weekend--Students will...Goals for this weekend--Students will...

Understand what is expected to successfully complete assignments, and participate in forums

Discuss topics and learning objectives for mini-courses

Choose a term for teaching

Decide between book reviews or literature reviews

Discuss what constitutes success in DL from a teaching and learning perspective

Have course photo taken.


Instruction Delivery System: Setting for Instruction Delivery System: Setting for instruction...instruction...

Traditional Classrooms

Our IDS: On-campus meetings Asynchronous computer use with forums ESET Email Instructor’s homepage

Other examples: WebCT Earthweb Moderator

• Blackboard• PlaceWare Auditorium


Instructional Design ProcessInstructional Design Process

Analysis: Instructional, content, and audience needs.

Design: Form instructional goals and objectives.

Development: Lessons and plans made for course management. Media selections are made.

*Implementation: Student interaction, course management*Internet instruction must accommodate different browsers and modem speeds of end-users.

Evaluation: Assessment of the product as a tool for instruction.


Bloom’s TaxonomyBloom’s Taxonomy

Synthesis Evaluation

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge Benchmarks for Success


Bloom and DCTE 760/860 Objectives???Bloom and DCTE 760/860 Objectives???

Synthesis Evaluation

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

Read

Facilitate

Participate

Reflect

Review


Bloom’s Taxonomy in this Course...Bloom’s Taxonomy in this Course...

Knowledge: read widely in the literature of distance and adult education

Synthesis: facilitate (teach) short, online learning courses

Application: participate as students in several, short, online learning courses

Comprehension, Synthesis: keep journals and prepare reflections papers

Analysis, Synthesis: prepare highly specialized reviews of the literature

Analysis, Evaluation: review state-of-the-art electronic learning spaces, and relevant books and articles.


Assignment One: Teaching and LearningAssignment One: Teaching and Learning

What does it mean to design a course?

Designing instruction involves: analyzing requirements

selecting media

designing instructional events


Curriculum and the SyllabusCurriculum and the Syllabus

PedagogyPedagogy


Pedagogy: Pedagogy: One-to-One / One-to-Many One-to-One / One-to-Many Techniques...Techniques...

Lecture/Tests/quizzes

Telephone calls

Voice-mail and/or Fax

Surface mail

Email

Internet Chat

Bulletin boards

Mailing lists

Newsgroups

One-Way Video

Interactive Video-Conference

The Web


Pedagogy: Pedagogy: Many to Many TechniquesMany to Many Techniques......

Discussion groups

Role plays

Seminars

Sharing assignment solutions

Collaborative compositions

Debates

Simulations/games

Case studies

Brainstorming

Forums

Group projects


Objectives are measureable...Objectives are measureable...

1. Condition: circumstances, commands, materials, directions to initiate action.

2. Action Verb: do something

3. Criteria: to a specified degree to say the learning has been accomplished.

Example: (Condition) After searching for 10 articles on grant writing, the student will (action verb) select the five articles that (criteria) contain the most information about writing grants.


Discussion…Are these objectives ok?Discussion…Are these objectives ok?

Using WebCT as a teaching tool--Course Objectives Familiarization with WebCT tools and terminology Familiarization with WebCT course management tools Provide an opportunity to apply learning theories to an

online environment Provide an opportunity to explore online teaching

strategies


Multiple Intelligences...Multiple Intelligences...

Logical/mathematical

Verbal/linguistic

Visual/spatial

Body/kinesthetic

Musical/rhythmic

Intrapersonal

Interpersonal

Naturalist (?)


Internal1. Reception.2. Expectancy3. Retrieval to working memory.

4. Selective perception.

5. Semantic encoding.

6. Learner responds.7. Reinforcement.8. Retrieval and reinforcement.

8. Retrieval and reinforcement.9. Retrieval and spaced review.

Gagne’s Instructional Events andGagne’s Instructional Events and

External1. Gain attention.2. Tell learners the objective.3. Stimulate recall of prior learning.4. Tell or show the students what

they are to do

5. Provide learning guidance.

6. Elicit performance.7. Provide feedback.8. Assess performance.

8. Assess performance.9. Enhance retention and transfer of

learning.


Need Ideas?Need Ideas?

Grant Writing Social Ecology JumpStart - The Chain of Survival for Medical

Emergencies Web-Based Excel Training for K-12 Teachers JavaScript Basics Mastering the Art of Photography Topics in astronomy: orbital mechanics, pulsars, and

black holes. How to design the Ergonomically Correct Workstation Using WebCT as a Teaching Tool


Assignment Two: Literature Synthesis...Assignment Two: Literature Synthesis...

Synthesis involves an analysis as a foundation, but requires the student to:

originate,

integrate, and

combine ideas

into a product that is new to him or her.


Focused? Narrow Target Population?Focused? Narrow Target Population?

Topic (too broad): Distance education at the K-12 level. Target population (too broad): Target population: K-12

administrators and teachers considering implementing distance learning.

Topic (ok): Structure of an anytime/anyplace classroom. Target population (too broad): College faculty that have

been asked to design and facilitate online courses.

Topic (ok): Technical training via distance education. Target population(ok): Technical trainers and technical

curriculum developers.


Assignment Three: Journals and ReflectionsAssignment Three: Journals and Reflections

Reflect on tips, lessons learned on being the teacher

Compare and contrast your instructional design with that of others

Compare and contrast instructional delivery systems used

Reflect on learner experiences

Suggest solutions


Assignment Four: Knowledge ContributionsAssignment Four: Knowledge Contributions

Issue (B. Muse, Institute class): Can an institution really prevent student registration in popular online classes for any reasons other than those in the policy handbook? Can there be two sets of admission policies, one for online and one for face-to-face? Should space be reserved for those who need the class the most, including the disabled?

Case: Student Complains About Course Admission Policy That Favors Disabled. http://chronicle.com/free/2001/01/2001013001u.htmFlorida Gulf Coast University found out the hard way that there may be challenges to discriminatory policies. Some questions asked on the Florida Gulf Coast application form requested highly subjective responses for admission to a class. A student complained, the complaint was not successful, and the particular student who filed it was later admitted to the class, but the incident provokes thought for distance learning providers.


Knowledge Contribution: Issue Response...Knowledge Contribution: Issue Response...

Issue Response (P. Deubel): Can we require online courses?

Case: Starting next year, new students at Fairleigh Dickinson University will be required to take at least one course a year online. It's believed to be a first for a college or university.

Questions: Is the University justifying the cost of getting into online education? How this will affect enrollment? Has the university dealt with the issues of different learning styles, lack of maturity of some entering college freshmen, the greater need for writing skills, lack of technology skills for many, some subjects that may not translate as well to an online format as other subjects may, and faculty resistance?

Sources: Katz, R. N., & Associates. (1999). Dancing with the devil... Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital...


Prepare for Saturday...Prepare for Saturday...

Think of a mini-course that might be appropriate for you. Write a few learning objectives, taking into consideration the levels of Bloom's taxonomy. Decide which of the terms A, B, C, E, or E would be best for you as teacher.

Give consideration to your choice of book reviews or literature review. If you choose to do a literature review, try to write down a topic and a narrowly focused target population.


Saturday’s Agenda:Saturday’s Agenda:

Spend the first two hours brainstorming ideas for mini-courses and possible learning objectives.

Sign up for teaching mini-course terms A, B, C, D, E.

Discuss class examples of narrowly focused literature reviews

Give overview of considerations for Power Point presentations.


PP Slides: Audience Perspective...PP Slides: Audience Perspective...

What are the purposes of slides?

How many slides in a 20 minute presentation?

Should slides be handed out? If so, when?

Should words dance onto the screen?

Should words become prominent and fade?

Should the background have a message?

How many levels of indentation can still be seen from the distance?


PP Slides: Uses...PP Slides: Uses...

Outlines the session

Can be used to create handouts. Extra notes can be added.

Emphasizes key points

Demonstrate something visual that discussion cannot replicate

Use to post lectures for student review or for students who were unable to attend class

Update lectures for additional presentations

Organize thoughts in preparation for writing an article.


PP Slides: Tips...PP Slides: Tips...

Slow down. Too many slides may lose the audience. Expand upon bulleted points. Match slide content with dialog. Words that fade diminish their importance.

Avoid font size less than 24 points. Consider only two levels of indentation for readability. Pretest from the back of a room before presenting. Avoid excessive animation and sound.

Know your audience (multiple intelligences). Is razzle-dazzle needed?


Sunday: Success, The 5 P’s...Sunday: Success, The 5 P’s...


Successful Online Teaching: Think Global...Successful Online Teaching: Think Global...

Consider an international audience.

Media should reflect the diversity of potential learners.

Deductive Thinkers

Inductive Thinkers


Successful Online TeachingSuccessful Online Teaching

Design for the least experiencedwith technology.

Complete course design/development before delivery. Set 1 day/week to manage course.

Factors: time commitment, tracking student progress, evaluating matched to course objectives adequate feedback (use anything that works,

response time, “got it”), communication (interaction tools and activities)


Successful Online Teaching: The teacher...Successful Online Teaching: The teacher...

Is organized, patient, flexible

Is a mentor as well as facilitator of knowledge

Understands problems with hardware and delivery tools

Has a presence 24/7-- fosters a sense of community

Is comfortable with new role: “guide on the side”

Can condense multiple perspectives into a coherent discussion


Successful Online Teaching: Visual Design...Successful Online Teaching: Visual Design...

Limit navigation levels

Graphics should support learning without unnecessary increase in download time.

Chunk layout.

Use 50% of white space, centered, for extensive reading.

Design for 640 x 480 screen size, small monitors.

Provide links to plug-ins. Consider modems of students.


Successful Online LearningSuccessful Online Learning

Increased time commitment.

Need for independence, self direction, self evaluation.

Set goals and deadlines. Keep a calendar.

Communicate with instructor.

Find study buddies.

Identify self motivators and reward yourself.


Successful Online Learning: Learners...Successful Online Learning: Learners...

Have technical proficiency Have good search skills Communicate well in writing Read large amounts of information, sort, analyze, and

use it

Assert themselves well in a group Have maturity Concentrate well and have good study skills Do not need direct lecture to understand well Manage time well


ResourcesResources

Abramson, G. (2000). Protecting the Integrity of Instruction Systems. Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems, 14(2), 6-12.

Armstrong, T. (1994). Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Buchanan, E. (1999). Assessment Measures: Pre-Tests for Successful Distance Teaching and Learning? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, (2),4. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/buchanan24.html Email: [email protected] Accessed February 25, 2001.

Design Principles for Online Instruction http://www.fgcu.edu/onlinedesign/index.html Accessed February 22, 2001.


ResourcesResources

Flynn, J. (1992, October). Cooperative learning and Gagné's events of instruction: A syncretic view. Educational Technology, 53-60.

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Gagné, B., Briggs, L., & Wager, W. (1992). Principles of Instructional Design (4th ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN: 0-03-034757-2.

Hiltz, S.R. (1995). Teaching in a Virtual Classroom. International Conference on Computer Assisted Instruction, Taiwan, March 7-10, 1995. http://www.njit.edu/Virtual_Classroom/Papers/Teaching.html Accessed April 18, 1998.


ResourcesResources

Paulsen, M. F. (1995). The Online Report of Pedagogical Techniques for Computer-Mediated Communication. http://www.hs.nki.no/~morten/cmcped.htm Copyright 1995. Accessed April 19, 1998. E-mail [email protected]

Pitt, T. & Clark, A. (1997). Creating Powerful Online Courses Using Multiple Instructional Strategies. Paper presented at the second annual online Trends and Issues in Online Education Conference sponsored by the Teaching in the Community Colleges List & Kapi'olani Community College in Hawaii, April 1-3, 1997. http://leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/tcc_conf97/pres/pitt.html Accessed April 23, 1998.

DCTE 760/860 Instruction Delivery Systems DCTE 860 Professor Gertrude (Trudy) W. Abramson, Ed.D....

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