DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with...

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DC Best Practices Brendan Curran, CFA Mary K. Guy July 27, 2017 DC4007 This material  is solely for the private use of Nebraska Investment Council  and is not intended for public dissemination.

Transcript of DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with...

Page 1: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

DC Best Practices

Brendan Curran, CFA

Mary K. Guy

July 27, 2017

DC‐4007

This material is solely for the private use of Nebraska Investment Council and is not intended for public dissemination.

Page 2: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Participants May Not be Optimally Allocated

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8.4%8.5%have a 0% equity allocationhave a 100% equity allocation

Source: SSGA Defined Contribution Team based on plan sponsor data set (as of December 31, 2016).Allocations are as of the date indicated, are subject to change, and should not be relied upon as current thereafter.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Equity Rate

AgeAge Based Individual participants

Page 3: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

2%

7%

25%

3%

10%

29%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

After 4 months After 1 year After 2 years

  Future return on stock purchased  Future return on stock sold

Behavioral Impediments to Retirement Readiness

Low Financial Literacy Inertia

Frequent Traders Chase Returns Plan Design Impacts Investment Decision Making

• It takes an average of 371 days for the average participant who is already investing in a DC plan to allocate to newly introduced investments in the plan1

• Only 9% of plan participants made a trade in 20152

Center for Applied Research Preliminary Research Findings, May 2014*

Source: ‘Do Investors Trade Too Much?’ Odean (1999)

1 Delayed Adjustment to New Funds, David Laibson, Andrew Metrick and James Choi (2002).2 How America Saves, Vanguard (2016).

Source: Benartzi and Thaler (2001)

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* A series of questions was posed to 2,880 investors in Q1 2014 in 16 countries globally. The questions focused on basic financial and investment related concepts to gauge respondents’ financial literacy. 

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Page 4: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Equity Distribution by Age

Participants asset allocations are widely distributed as few derisk near retirement

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Source: SSGA Defined Contribution Team based on plan sponsor data set (as of December 31, 2016).Allocations are as of the date indicated, are subject to change, and should not be relied upon as current thereafter.

Equity Allocation by Age

4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 All

Equity Allo

catio

n

Age

Middle 90% Middle 50% Median

Page 5: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Majority of Participants Using Core Investment Choices

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Limited derisking reflects the power of inertia for core menu investorsParticipant Usage of Investment Options (Amongst Participants Invested) 

Source: SSGA Defined Contribution Team based on plan sponsor data set (as of December 31, 2016).Allocations are as of the date indicated, are subject to change, and should not be relied upon as current thereafter.

5

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60% Num

ber of Participants with Any Allocation to FundFa

ction of Partic

ipan

t with

 Any

 Allo

catio

n to Fun

d

Mean Median Fully Invested Participant Count

Page 6: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Participants Identifying as ‘Do-it-Myself’

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Over 70% of plan participants are not taking advantage of pre-mixed portfolios• Inertia likely driving investment decision‐making

Source: SSGA Defined Contribution Team based on plan sponsor data set (as of December 31, 2016).Allocations are as of the date indicated, are subject to change, and should not be relied upon as current thereafter.

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 All

% of P

articipan

ts

Age

Do‐it‐for‐me Help‐me‐do‐it Preserve‐it Do‐it‐myself

‘Do‐it‐for‐me’ = 75% or more of savings in Age Based Funds‘Help‐me‐do‐it’ = 75% or more of savings in Risk Based Funds‘Preserve‐it’ 75% or more of savings in Stable Value‘Do‐it‐myself’ = All others

Participants Use of Plan Options

Page 7: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

The Action Gap: Understanding versus Knowing

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Source: SSGA April 2012 DC Investor Survey. The survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected in April 2012 through a 10‐minute Internet survey using a panel of verified 401(k), 403(b), profitsharing and stock purchase plan participants who were actively contributing to their plans. The sample of 1,034 observations has a maximum sampling error of +/‐ 3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

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Think it’s important

Feel knowledgeable

about it

How to select a diverse mix of investments 65% 33%

How to adjust my asset allocation depending on my investment timeline 67% 30%

How to determine how much I will need to save to have a secure retirement

78% 33%

How to make my retirement savingslast a lifetime 82% 28%

Page 8: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Asset Allocation (Target Retirement Funds)

Income Fund

2015 Fund

2020 Fund

2025 Fund

2030 Fund

2035 Fund

2040 Fund

2045 Fund

2050 Fund

2055 Fund

2060 Fund

Core Funds

Self‐Directed Brokerage

Tiered Plan Menu: Helping Improve Participant Outcomes

Tiered investment menu aligns plan design with participant behavior• Seeks to offer a strong default and communicate it’s benefits• Simplify and streamline core menu by consolidating fund options or employing white labeling• Seeks to provide added diversification within default or core options fund of funds

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1 Callan DC Trends (2017)Diversification does not ensure a profit or guarantee against loss. 

Capitalize on automatic features and drive flows 

to diversified automated solutions

Provide simplified choice across broad 

risk spectrum

US Large Cap Equity

US Small/Mid Cap Equity

Global ex‐US Equity

Diversified Inflation 

Management

Cash/ST FixedIncome

Core US Fixed Income

Globally Diversified 

Fixed Income

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Page 9: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

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The Benefits of Target Retirement Funds

1 Callan 2017 DC SurveySource: SSGA

Target Retirement Funds offer retirement savers an easy and effective means of managing their retirement savings over time• Over 90% of DC plans offer Target Retirement Funds1

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DiversificationBroadly diversified across an 

array of asset classes

Automatic DeriskingAutomatically derisk based on an 

expected retirement date

Professional OversightOngoing management ensures the funds prudently evolve

Breadth of Diversification Strategic Enhancements over Time

Page 10: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

A Case for Reenrollment

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1 EBRI Issue Brief, December 2013 no. 394, data as of December 31, 2012. 2 J.P. Morgan Retirement Plan Services. Analysis measurement period is December 31, 2008, through December 31, 2013. The above data represents a sampling of participant data. It does not represent the returns of any individual product or portfolio. 3 SSGA Defined Contribution. Simulations use SSGA Long‐Term Asset Class forecasts and compare median outcomes of 10,000 wealth accumulation simulations holding contribution rates and wage growth assumptions constant.

1 2 3

More than 40% of newly hired employees allocate almost exclusively to target date funds, while less than 10% of those with more than 20 years tenure do so

Participants in target date funds have realized higher average returns with less dispersion in best case and worst case outcomes

Legacy stable value investors are exposed to the risk of not generating sufficient wealth accumulation to last throughout retirement

Annualized Five‐Year Returns: Highs, Lowsand Averages by Investment StrategyDecember 2008 – December 20132

0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

0–2 >2–5 >5–10 >10–20 >20–30 >30

Tenure (Years)

Percentage of participants with more than 90% invested in Target‐Date Funds1

$0$100,000$200,000$300,000$400,000$500,000$600,000$700,000$800,000

20 30 40 50Age of First Contribution

Forecasted Wealth Accumulation for participants based on age of first contribution3

Stable Value Target Date Funds

Stable Value investors exposed to insufficient returns

Investing in the Default can prevent extreme outcomes

More tenured employees are less likely to use Default

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Page 11: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

The fraction of assets invested in equities is positively related to the fraction of equity funds offered by the 

401(k) plan3

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Best Practices in the Core Menu

Source: SSGA1 Iyengar, Huberman and Jiang (2004). 2 Elton, Blake, and Gruber (2013)3 Benartzi and Thaler (2001).4 Dvorak (2009)

SimplifyLimit the number of available options to increase participant engagement

DiversifyImbue options with meaningful internal diversification; reducing risk of ‘extreme outcomes’ for concentrated investors

BalanceStrike a balance in the number of fund options offered with opposing objectives (growth versus preservation)

Each additional 10 funds in the investment menu is 

associated with participation rate that is 2% lower1

Participants contributions and transfers magnify the change in asset allocation caused by 

returns by 57%2

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92% of participants do not understand ‘Growth’ and 

‘Value’ styles, 40% believed that Growth generally outperforms Value4

Did you know….

Page 12: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

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Conclusion: Participants Want and Need your Help Investing for Retirement!

Source: SSGA

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Power of the Default: Evaluate Target Retirement Funds as a simple and effective means for participants to ‘set it and forget it’

Take Advantage of Inertia: Consider tools, like a plan reenrollment, to leverage recognized behaviors to the benefit of plan participants

Make Bad Decisions Hard: Revisit the core investment menu and affirm alignment with established best practices

Page 13: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Appendix A: Additional Information

13DC‐4007

Page 14: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Precedence for Re-enrollments

Many large plan sponsors have undergone re-enrollments in recent years with meaningful success in moving participants towards age-appropriate investments

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Impact on Asset Allocation

DHL Retirement Savings Plan

Illinois State Board of Investment

Hanesbrands, Inc.

23% 21%12%5% 10%

62%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Small Cap Growth Stable Value Target Date

Pre‐reenrollment Post‐reenrollment

1 'Disrupting DC plan status quo', Pension and Investments, July 13, 2015.2 SSGA “The Participant”, Winter/Spring 2015.3 Pensions & Investments, “Auto Re‐enrollment adoption gains slowly”, January 2015Target Date asset allocation sourced from Brightscope.

Reason for Re‐enrollment/Key Takeaways

27% 30%

89% 85%

0%20%40%60%80%100%

2012 2013 2014 2015

% of Plan Assets in TDFs

29% 24%8%

66%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Stable Value Target Date

Pre‐reenrollment Post‐reenrollment

Reason: Participants were misallocated1

“We're trying to get the plan consistent with best practices because we have an outsized allocation (23.3% of total fund assets) to small‐cap growth,” —William Atwood, ISBI

Reason: New Plan Investment Option (TDFs)

“The old default option was cash, and we found that there were just too many people who had all their savings in cash,” — Robert Whitaker, DHL Treasurer2

Reason: New Recordkeeper/Misallocated Participants 

“Mapping doesn't correct misallocation and it doesn't allow participants access to new asset classes” — Kendall Frederick, Hanesbrands3

Page 15: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Participant Reaction to a Re-enrollment

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Communication is key while participant reaction tends to be muted

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1 “Harnessing Inertia, Improving participant outcomes through re‐enrollments” SSGA (2015) 2 “Buk made Chrysler's huge re‐enrollment look easy” P&I,  November 11, 20133 “Exelon powers up major 401(k) plan changes” P&I, September 29, 20144 “Bemis cuts investment overlap, saves on DC plan expenses” P&I, January 6, 2014

“There was very extensive education” — Cindy Cattin, Director of Investment Options, Exelon

“People appreciated the question‐and‐answer sessions.” —Doug Brown, CIO, Exelon3

“There was a lot of concern about employee disruption, but in the end, only a few people opted out.”— Rob Whitaker, Treasurer, DHL1

“Comprehensive communication is the best way to address participants' concerns, she said.”

“We didn't experience a negative response,” —Angela Buk, Head of Investment Options, Chrysler2

“If you communicate early and often, you won't get the pushback from employees,” Melanie Higgins, Director of Global Retirement Plans, Bemis4

Page 16: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

An Inconvenient Truth

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Retirement is evolving with profound consequences for employees and employers

Definition of a Career is Rapidly Evolving Starting behind the Curve

75767778798081828384

Participants have been living longer2

Ages

2 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). Life expectancy for individuals at age 60.

Last 30 Years Next 20 Years

European Equities

0.0% Growth‐recovery Scenario Slow‐Growth Scenario Historical Real ReturnsLast 30 Years Next 20 Years

US Equities

Last 30 Years Next 20 Years

US Bonds

Last 30 Years Next 20 Years

European Bonds7.9%

4.0%–6.5%7.9%

4.5%–6.0%5.0%

0%–2.0% 0%–2.0%

5.9%

1 McKinsey Global Institute (May 2016) — Diminishing Returns: Why Investors may need to lower their expectations. Historical returns for Western European fixed‐income are based on treasury bonds using data from the Dimson‐

Marsh‐Staunton Global Returns database, which targets a bond duration of 20 years. Future returns show ranges across a set of countries, and are based on ten‐year bonds; numbers reflect the range between the low‐end of the slow‐growth scenario and the high end of the growth‐recovery scenario. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Estimated returns reflect subjective judgments and assumptions. 

There can be no assurance that developments will transpire as forecasted and that the estimates are accurate.

Diminishing Expected Returns1

40% growth rate of ‘gig’ economy1

39% of private sector employees do not have access to a DC plan2

4

2 averaged # of job changes by 32, for people born in 1960s — 1980s3

Young millennials are on track to surpass four changes by the time they reach age 325

1 EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits, Legislative History, ebri.org/pdf/publications/books/databook/dbappxe.pdf 2 The Cerulli Report, Retirement Markets 2015., 3 BLS, 4 US Department of Labor Employee Benefits Security Administration December 2014, 2012 Data Release Version 2.0; 5 LinkedIn “Will This Year’s College Grads Job‐Hop More Than Previous Grads?” April, 12, 2016

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Page 17: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Appendix B: Important Disclosures

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Page 18: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Important Disclosures

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Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

All information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

Equity securities may fluctuate in value in response to the activities of individual companies and general market and economic conditions. 

Investing in foreign domiciled securities may involve risk of capital loss from unfavorable fluctuation in currency values, withholding taxes, from differences in generally accepted accounting principles or from economic or political instability in other nations.

Investments in emerging or developing markets may be more volatile and less liquid than investing in developed markets and may involve exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature and to political systems which have less stability than those of more developed countries.

Assumptions and forecasts used by SSGA in developing the Portfolio’s asset allocation glide path may not be in line with future capital market returns and participant savings activities, which could result in losses near, at or after the target date year or could result in the Portfolio not providing adequate income at and through retirement.

SSGA Target Date Fund are designed for investors expecting to retire around the year indicated in each fund’s name. When choosing a Fund, investors should consider whether they anticipate retiring significantly earlier or later than age 65 even if such investors retire on or near a fund’s approximate target date. There may be other considerations relevant to fund selection and investors should select the fund that best meets their individual circumstances and investment goals. The funds' asset allocation strategy becomes increasingly conservative as it approaches the target date and beyond. The investment risks of each Fund change over time as its asset allocation changes. 

Asset Allocation is a method of diversification which positions assets among major investment categories. Asset Allocation may be used in an effort to manage risk and enhance returns. It does not, however, guarantee a profit or protect against loss.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data. 

Companies with large market capitalizations go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. Larger companies tend to be less volatile than companies with smaller market capitalizations. In exchange for this potentially lower risk, the value of the security may not rise as much as companies with smaller market capitalizations.

Investments in mid/small‐sized companies may involve greater risks than in those of larger, better known companies.

Investing in REITs involves certain distinct risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of credit extended. REITs are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self‐liquidation. REITs, especially mortgage REITs, are also subject to interest rate risk (i.e., as interest rates rise, the value of the REIT may decline). 

Page 19: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Important Disclosures (continued)

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Investing in high yield fixed income securities, otherwise known as junk bonds, is considered speculative and involves greater risk of loss of principal and interest than investing in investment grade fixed income securities. These Lower‐quality debt securities involve greater risk of default or price changes due to potential changes in the credit quality of the issuer.

Diversification does not ensure a profit or guarantee against loss.

Investing in commodities entail significant risk and is not appropriate for all investors. Commodities investing entail significant risk as commodity prices can be extremely volatile due to wide range of factors. A few such factors include overall market movements, real or perceived inflationary trends, commodity index volatility, international, economic and political changes, change in interest and currency exchange rates.

Increase in real interest rates can cause the price of inflation‐protected debt securities to decrease. Interest payments on inflation‐protected debt securities can be unpredictable. 

International Government bonds and corporate bonds generally have more moderate short‐term price fluctuations than stocks, but provide lower potential long‐term returns.

State Street Global Advisors, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111–2900.

Web: www.ssga.com

© 2017 State Street Corporation —All Rights Reserved.

Tracking Number: DC‐4007

Expiration Date: August 31, 2017

Page 20: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Appendix C: Biographies

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Page 21: DC Best Practices - Nebraska. DC Plan Design.pdfThe survey was conducted in collaboration with Boston Research Group, a leader in retirement plan research. The data were collected

Biographies

Brendan Curran, CFA Mary K. Guy

Brendan is a Vice President of State Street Global Advisors and an Investment Strategist within the Defined Contribution team. In this role, he is responsible for representing SSGA’s DC investment strategies, supporting current relationships and expanding SSGA’s DC initiative. He also serves as a resource to plan sponsors working with them on a variety of plan design considerations.

Brendan joined the Investment Strategy team from his most recent position as a Relationship Manager on the Defined Contribution team focused on the intermediary and recordkeeping channels. Prior to that, Brendan was a Senior Associate within SSGA's Investment Operations Group where he provided support to the Active International Equity and Currency Portfolio Managers.

Brendan earned a BA in Economics from Connecticut College. He earned the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the Boston Security Analysts Society and CFA Institute.

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Mary is a Vice President of State Street Global Advisors and a Senior Relationship Manager. She is responsible for managing institutional client relationships located in the Midwestern United States. Mary has 24 years of experience in the investment management industry.

Prior to joining SSGA, Mary was at David L. Babson & Company for seven years, most recently as Client Service Officer and previously as manager of the Request for Proposal and consultant questionnaire processes. She has also worked at Concert Capital Management Inc. and Keystone Investment Management Corporation in institutional marketing roles.

Mary received her BA from the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire and her MBA from Boston College. Mary also holds the FINRA 7 and 63 registrations. Mary also holds the NFA Series 3 and is an Associated Person of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. ('SSGA FM'). SSGA FM is a Commodity Trading Advisor registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

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