DBI_Qatar.

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RSM International Executive Ofce

11 Old Jewry

London

EC2R 8DU

United Kingdom

T: +44 (0)20 7601 1080

F: +44 (0)20 7601 1090

E: [email protected]

www.rsmi.com

The aim o this publication is to provide general inormation about doing business in Qatar and every eort has been made to ensure

the contents are accurate and current. However, tax rates, legislation and economic conditions reerred to in this publication are

only accurate at time o writing. Inormation in this publication is in no way intended to replace or supersede independent or other

proessional advice. Copies o this booklet or additional inormation can be obtained rom the RSM International Executive Ofce or

Al Mezan Bureau.

RSM International is the name given to a network o independent accounting and consulting frms each o which practices in its own

right. RSM International does not exist in any jurisdiction as a separate legal entity. The network is administered by RSM International

Limited, a company registered in England and Wales (company number 4040598) whose registered ofce is at 11 Old Jewry, London

EC2R 8DU. Intellectual property rights used by members o the network including the trademark RSM International are owned by RSM

International Association, an association governed by articles 60 et seq o the Civil Code o Switzerland whose seat is in Zug.

RSM International Association, 2011.

Doing Businessin Qatar


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3DOING BUSINESS IN QATAR

1. Foreword

The aim o this publication is to provide general inormation about doing business

in Qatar and every eort has been made to ensure the contents are accurate and

current. However, tax rates, legislation, and economic conditions reerred to in this

publication are only accurate at the time o writing. Inormation in this publication is

in no way intended to replace or supersede independent or other proessional advice.

Al Mezan Bureau

P.O. Box 11816

Kingdom o Bahrain

Tel: (973) 1753-7787

Fax: (973) 1753-7757

August, 2011

RSM International is sixth largest network o independent accounting

and consulting frms worldwide. RSM International is represented in

86 countries and brings together the talents o 32,500 individuals. RSM

member frms are driven by a common vision o providing high quality

proessional services to ambitious and growing organisations.

In a world

o dierent

cultures, its

good to have

advisors who

are consistent

everywhere.


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7DOING BUSINESS IN QATARDOING BUSINESS IN QATAR6

2.3 Government

Framework

Qatar is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Al-Thani amily since the 19th century.

The head o state is the Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalia Al-Thani, and the right to rule

Qatar is passed on within the Al Thani amily.

Legal system

Qatar has a discretionary system o law controlled by the Emir, although civil codes

are being implemented, Islamic law (Sharia) is signicant in personal matters.

Administrative divisions

Qatar is divided into seven municipalities: Doha, Al Rayyan, Umm Salal, Al Khor & Al

Dhekra, Al Wakrah, Al Daayen, and Al Shamal.

2.4 Local customs

National Holidays

Eid Al Fitr: 31 August 3 September, 2011*

Eid Al Adha: 6 10 November, 2011*

Independence Day: 3 September

National Day: 18 December

Weekly Holidays

Friday and Saturday

Business Hours

Local time: GMT + 3 hours

Government oces: 07:00 to 14:00, Sunday Thursday; (closed Friday & Saturday)Private sector: Generally 08:00 to 13:00 and 15:30 to 18:30, Sunday Thursday

2.2 Economy

Qatar has experienced rapid economic growth over the last several years due to high

oil prices, and in 2008 posted its eighth consecutive budget surplus. Economic policy

is ocused on developing Qatars non-associated natural gas reserves and increasing

private and oreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account or

more than ty percent o GDP, roughly eighty-ve percent o export earnings, and

seventy percent o government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar one o the

highest per-capita income countries, and one o the worlds astest growing. Qatarsreserves o natural gas are nearly 26 trillion cubic meters, about 14% o the world

total and the third largest in the world.

Currency

Qatari Riyal (QAR); (The QAR is pegged with the US$ at US$1=QAR3.64)

GDP

GDP at current prices: US$129.485 billion (2010 estimate)

GDP per capita: US$ 76,167 (2010 estimate)

CPI

Infation rate: +15.1% (2008); -4.9% (2009); +1.0 (2010); +3.3% (2011 estimate)

Foreign reserves

Foreign exchange and gold: US$22.41 billion (2010 estimate)

FDI

Stock o FDI - at home: US$26.38 billion (2010 estimate)

Stock o FDI - abroad: US$19.49 billion (2010 estimate)

* Islamic holidays are timed according to local sightings o various phases o the moon and the dates given below areapproximations and will change rom year to year.


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3. Type o Business Entities

3.1 Types o companies

The Commercial Companies Law No. 5 o 2002 provides or the ollowing eight types

o legal entities:

1) One Person Company

A one-person company reers to a company with only one shareholder, who

is a natural person or a corporate entity, and owns 100% o the companys

shares. The company should have a minimum capital o QAR200,000,

which must be ully paid up. The same legal provisions that apply to

limited liability companies are applicable to one-person companies. This

type o company is commonly used oreign investors who have been

granted an exemption beyond the 49% ownership threshold.

2) Limited Liability Company

A limited liability company is a company ormed with at least two

shareholders and not more than ty shareholders, whose liabilities arelimited to the value o shares held in the company. The shares o a limited

liability company are not reely transerable. The company must have a

minimum capital o QAR200,000 divided into shares o equal value not

less than QAR10 each. A limited liability company may not engage in the

business o insurance, banking, or in the investment o unds, whether

as a principal or an agent. Foreign ownership in this type o company is

restricted to 49%, unless otherwise exempted.

3) Public Shareholding Company

A public shareholding company is also known as a joint stock company,

whose capital is divided into shares o equal value, which are transerable.

Shareholders o a public shareholding company are not liable or the

companys obligations except or the amount o the nominal value o theshares or which they subscribe. A public shareholding company must have

a minimum o ve shareholders or closed (unlisted) companies and thirty

shareholders or open (listed) companies. The minimum paid up capital

requirement is QAR10 million or closed (unlisted) companies and QAR40

million or open (listed) companies.

4) Limited Shares Partnership Company

A limited shares partnership company is a company ormed by two groups,

namely: a) Joint Partners, comprising o one or more joint partners who

are personally liable or the debts o the company; b) Trustee Partners,

comprising o no less than our shareholding partners whose liability is

limited to the value o shares held in the capital. For the joint partners, the

company shall be governed in the same manner as a simple partnership

company and all the joint partners shall be natural persons. The companyshould have a minimum capital o QR1 million, divided into shares o

equal value that are transerable and indivisible and should be ully paid

on incorporation.

5) Holding Company

A holding company is a joint stock, limited liability, or one person company

nancially and administratively controlling one or more other companies

by holding at least 51% o the shares o such company or companies,

whether they are shareholding, limited liability, or one person companies.

The capital o a holding company shall not be less than QAR10 million.

6) Simple Partnership Company

A simple partnership company is a company ormed by two or more natural

persons o Qatari nationality who are personally and jointly responsible or

the liabilities o the company. The name o the company shall be ormed

by reerence to the name o all the partners, or the name o one partner

ollowed by the words and Partners.

7) Joint Partnership Company

A joint partnership company is a company consisting o two types o

partners: a) Joint partners who are empowered to administer the aairs o

the company, and are jointly and personally responsible or the companys

liabilities. b) Trustee partners, who merely contribute to the companys

capital without being responsible or its liabilities except to the value

o their shares in the capital. A trustee partner may not interere in the

management o the company. All the partners in a joint partnership

company must be natural persons o Qatari nationality.

8) Joint Venture Company

A joint venture company is ormed by two or more natural or legal persons.

For this type o an entity where there is no legal personality involved, it

is not required to ollow the same commercial registration as other

categories o companies. I a non-Qatari is a partners o a joint venture

company, then the company is allowed to carry out only those business

activities stipulated by law or non-Qataris.


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3.2 Foreign investment entities

To conduct business in Qatar on a regular basis, oreign investors are required to

establish a legal presence within Qatar through one o the ollowing means:

1. Incorporating a local entity under the Commercial Companies Law

Foreign investors are allowed to invest in all sectors o the national

economy provided that they have one or more Qatari partners whose

share shall not be less than 51% o the capital.

It is however permissible, by a decision rom the Ministry o Business &

Trade, or oreign investors, to invest more than 49% and up to 100% in

certain sectors such as business consulting, technical services, inormation

technology, cultural, sports and leisure services, distribution services,

agriculture, manuacturing, health, tourism, development and exploitation

o natural resources, energy, and mining.

2. Incorporating or registering with the Qatar Financial Center (QFC)

The Qatar Financial Center (QFC) is a business and nancial hub created to

develop Qatars nancial services sector and to develop relationships with

the regional and global nancial community. The QFC aims to operate to

international standards and provide a world-class business and regulatoryinrastructure or those wishing to do business in Doha.

The QFC oers ull ownership o capital by oreign investors, and ull

repatriation o prots and capital is permitted or all types o QFC entities.

The QFC consists o an independent nancial regulator and an independent

judiciary tribunal.

3. Incorporating or registering in the Qatar Science a nd Technology Park (QSTP)

The Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) is a ree zone area in Qatar,

where the capital o companies there can be entirely owned by oreign

investors, and such companies are allowed to trade directly in Qatar

without a local agent. Other ree zone be nets include the act that QSTP-

licensed entities are not taxed and can import goods and services ree oany Qatari added tax or customs duties. In addition, the rents or QSTP

premises are highly subsidized.

4. Obtaining a license or a branch or representative oce

A oreign company can open a branch in Qatar in the event that the

company is awarded a specic contract involving a project that contributes

to public service or interest. In this situation, the Minister o Business and

Trade can license the oreign company to conduct business in Qatar, or

the specic purpose o completing the contract. The license to operate the

branch oce expires once the contract is completed.

A oreign company can open a representative oce by ling an application

at the Ministry o Business and Trade. A representative oce cannot

conduct nancial transactions related to the companys commercial

activities in Qatar and its activities are limited to marketing and

administrative unctions.

5. Entering into a commercial agency relationship

I a oreign entity wishes to sell goods in Qatar but does not wish to maintain

a physical presence in the country, it may enter into a commercial agency

relationship with a wholly Qatari-owned entity or a Qatari individual.

A commercial agency contract should speciy the products covered by

the agreement, the territory o the distribution and the duration o the

relationship.

3.3 Audit requirements

All limited liability companies whose capital exceeds QAR500,000 and all public

shareholding companies should have auditors appointed by the general assembly

every year. In addition, all nal income tax declarations must be accompanied bynancial statements audited by an auditor registered and based in Qatar.

3.4 Dissolution and liquidation o business entities

Dissolution

The companys dissolution decision shall be announced in the commercial register

and published in two local daily Arabic newspapers. Dissolution resolution shall be

valid only ater announcing it publicly and the company chairman shall ollow up the

implementation o such resolution as the case may be.

Liquidation

A company may be dissolved in accordance with its Articles o Association by way oa unanimous General Assembly Resolution approving the dissolution o the company

and appointing a liquidator to execute the liquidation process.

A letter in Arabic explaining the situation and a tax clearance rom the Income

Tax Department (i the company has non Qatari shareholders) are required or the

winding up process and are lodged with the Commercial Registry at the Ministry o

Business and Trade.


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Once the General Assembly Resolution is lodged with the Commercial Registry, the

company is ocially in liquidation, and all debts will become due. The companys

Commercial Registration should be re-issued with the wording in liquidation

appearing ater the companys name. From this stage, the Liquidator will be able to

act or the Company.

The company shall be liquidated in accordance with the provisions o its Memorandum

or Article o Associations or as per the partner agreement upon the company

resolution. I there is no provision or agreement in this regard, the provisions oCommercial Companies Law No. 5/2002 shall apply.

3.5 Annual statutory flling

Public shareholding companies are required to submit audited balance sheet, income

statement, directors report and auditors report to the Ministry o Economy and

Commerce within six months o the companys nancial year-end. A representative

o the Ministry o Economy and Commerce is required to be present at the general

assembly o shareholders.

Similarly, or limited liability companies whose capital exceeds QAR500,000, audited

nancial statements must be submitted to the Ministry o Economy and Commerce

within 10 days o the general assembly meeting. All companies with limited liability

are obliged to hold a general meeting at least once a year.

Financial institutions are required to le with the Qatar Central Bank, monthly

accounts in a specied ormat and to publish annual accounts within our months o

the scal year end.

4. Taxation

4.1 Overview o Qatars tax system

Corporate Taxation

Income tax is levied on companies, except those wholly owned by GCC nationals.Income tax is charged on all prots arising in Qatar, including prots on the sale o

the companys assets. The share o prots due to the Qatari or GCC partners in a

business in exempt rom tax.

4.2 Indirect Taxes

Social Security Tax

Withholding Tax

Custom duty

4.3 Special zones and areas

The Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) is the only ree zone in Qatar. Capital

o companies registered in the QSTP can be wholly owned by oreign investors andallowed to trade directly in Qatar without a local agent. QSTP entities with a standard

license are not taxed and companies can import goods and services ree rom

custom duties.

4.4 Tax exemptions

A tax exemption can be granted or a period o up to six years or major projects,

upon submission and approval o application to the Tax Exemption Committee.

4.5 Double taxation agreements

Qatar has signed and ratied double tax treaties with over orty countries, including:

China, France, Russia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

4.6 Tax flling and payment deadlines

Companies are required to submit an annual income tax return and pay tax by the

end o the ourth month ollowing the companys nancial year-end. Companies that

ail to le tax returns by the deadline incur a penalty o QAR100 per day, up to a

maximum o QAR36,000. Failure to pay tax due by the dea dline leads to a pe nalty o

1.5% o the amount o tax due per month o delay or part thereo, up to the amount

o tax due.


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5. Employment

5.1 Foreign Visa

All visitors require a visa to enter Qatar, but not all nationals need to apply or a visa

beore entry. Visa on arrival is granted to residents and citizens o Gul Cooperation

Council (GCC) states and nationals o 33 countries. The visa obtained at entry orGCC residents is valid or 30 days.

Nationals o 33 countries can get an entry visa to Qatar without special conditions

at point o entry. These countries are: USA, Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Canada,

Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland,

Austria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Finland, Spain,

Monaco, The Vatican, Iceland, Andorra, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Singapore,

Malaysia, Hong Kong and South Korea.

5.2 Foreign personnel employment license, permit

and residence permit

As in most Gul countries, working in Qatar requires local sponsorship. A oreign

employee may only work or their sponsor. It is possible to change jobs and transer

sponsorship to a new employer only a ter the oreigner has worked at the sponsoring

company or at least two years and has been granted a no objection certicate.

5.3 Labour Law

Working Hours

The maximum amount o time an employee may be required to work under Qatar

labour law without the payment o overtime is orty-eight hours. Normal working

hours consist o eight hours a day, six days a week. However, during Ramadan these

hours should be reduced to six hours a day with a maximum o 36 hours a week.

Working hours should include at least an hour or rest, eating and prayer. Even with

overtime, employees should not work more than ten hours a day.

Holidays

Employees are entitled to a minimum o two weeks leave a year. Expatriate employees

must be provided with an air ticket at the end o their contract. Friday is a designated

holiday, and a worker should never be required to work more than two consecutive

Fridays. Workers are also entitled to leave with ull pay on Eid Il Fitri, Eid AlAdha,

Independence day and three other non-specied days. Muslims are allowed two

weeks o unpaid leave to perorm the pilgrimage.

5.4 Cost o employment

Cost o employment in terms o salaries, wages and benets in Qatar, depends on

the background o the employee. There are no ocially mandated national pay

scales and no national minimum wage. Salaries and benets are determined by

market orces.

5.5 Welare benefts

Employers are not required to provide welare benets to employees. However, social

insurance contributions must be paid monthly or Qatari nationals only.

5.6 Termination o employment

The employer or the employee can terminate a contract without giving reason.

The period o time required varies depending on the length o service and how the

employee is paid, but can be anything rom a week to two months. However, during

the probation period o a job, which can last up to six months, an employee can be

red with three days notice.


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6. Accounting

6.1 Accounting regulations and standards

In Qatar, the government regulates the accounting and auditing proession.

The proessional accounting bodies have no regulatory authority to issue licenses to

accountants and auditors or to establish accounting and auditing standards.

The Ministry o Economy and Commerce is responsible or regulating nancial

reporting and controlling the accounting and auditing proession. However, since

Qatar has adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), the Ministry

does not undertake a standard-setting role; instead, generally speaking it stipulates

the use o IFRSs and International Standards on Auditing (ISAs).

The banking sector in Qatar is regulated and supervised by the Qatar Central Bank

(QCB), which derives its authority and oversight responsibilities rom the Qatar

Central Bank Law o 2006. The Qatar Central Bank has made international standards

mandatory or all banks, nance, and investment companies.

6.2 Reporting

The Commercial Companies Law No. 5 o 2002 governs the nancial reporting

requirements in Qatar. All corporate entities established under the Commercial

Companies Law are required to maintain adequate accounting books and records in

order to refect the operations o such entities.

Under the Commercial Companies Law No. 5 o 2002, listed and unlisted companies

in Qatar are required to prepare annual nancial statements (comprising a balance

sheet, income statement, and a cash fow statement) in ull compliance with

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) issued by the International

Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

6.3 Islamic fnancial institutions

Islamic nancial institutions are required to comply with the guidelines issued bythe Accounting and Auditing Organization or Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI).

The AAOIFI is an Islamic international autonomous non-or-prot corporate body

that is responsible or preparing accounting, auditing, governance, ethics and Sharia

standards or Islamic nancial institutions and the industry.

7. Intellectual Property Rights

7.1 General rules

Intellectual property rights in Qatar are protected under the ollowing national laws:

Patents Law No. 30/2006

Law No. 5 o the year 2005 on Protection o Secrets o Trade (2005)

Law No. 6 o the year 2005 on Protection o Layout Designs o IntegratedCircuits (2006)

Law No. 9 o 2002 on Trademarks, Commercial Indications and IndustrialDesigns (2002)

Law No. 7 o 2002 on the Protection o Copyright and Related Rights (2002)

Qatar is also a party to, and has ratied, the ollowing treaties and conventions on

intellectual property rights:

Patent Cooperation Treaty (August 3, 2011)

WIPO Copyright Treaty (October 28, 2005)

WIPO Perormances and Phonograms Treaty (October 28, 2005)

Berne Convention or the Protection o Literary and Artistic Works(July 5, 2000)

Paris Convention or the Protection o Industrial Property (July 5, 2000)

Nairobi Treaty on the Protection o the Olympic Symbol (July 23, 1983)

Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization(September 3, 1976)

Gul Cooperation Council Patent Law

7.2 Patents

Patents are protected in Qatar under the Patent Law No. 30 o 2006. Protection is

based on registration at the Patent and Innovation Oce located within the Ministryo Business and Trade. The term o protection or patents is 20 years.

7.3 Design Rights

Industrial designs and models can be registered under Law No. 9 o 2002 on

Trademarks, Commercial Indications, Trade Names, Geographical Indications, and

Industrial Designs. Registration is valid or ve years rom the ling date and is

renewable or two additional terms o ve years.


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7.4 Trademarks

Trademark rights are acquired by registration at the Trademark Oce. A trademark

registration is valid or ten years rom the ling date and is renewable indenitely,

or periods o ten years each. Trademarks can be cancelled i not used or period o

ve consecutive years in Qatar.

7.5 Copyrights

Law No. 7 o 2002 on the Protection o Copyright and Neighbouring Rights governs

the protection o copyright and related rights in Qatar.

The Copyright Law protects authors o intellectual property such as books, pamphlets

and other writings, lectures, sermons, theatrical works, musical works, musical

compositions, cinematographic works, works o drawing, painting, architecture,

sculpture, engraving, photographic works, works o applied art, illustrations,

maps, plans, sketches and three-dimensional works as well as computer programs

and databases.

Copyright protection period or the economic rights o the authors consists o the

authors lie plus 50 yeas ollowing his death.

7.6 Trade Secrets and Data ProtectionTrade secrets are protected under Law No. 5 o 2005 on the Protection o Secrets

o Trade. Foreign applicants have the same rights as Qataris, provided that they are

nationals o a state that grants Qatar reciprocal treatment.

7.7 Protection against inringement o intellectual

property right

The Ministry o Business and Trade is responsible or enorcing intellectual property

laws and regulations.

8. Investing in Qatar

8.1 Introduction

Qatar is the wealthiest country in the world in per capita terms with substantial oil and

gas reserves, an excellent inrastructure system and ree market economic policies.

As a member o the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other international nancialbodies, Qatar oers investors a mature and sophisticated banking environment.

8.2 Pro-business environment

Qatars economy has been growing by around 10% per year in recent years.

The Foreign Investment Law No.13 o 2000 has also played an important role in

stimulating economic growth. The law permitted up to 100% oreign ownership or

the rst time in the sectors o agriculture, manuacturing, health, education, and

tourism. It also oered investors a number o substantial incentives, including the

reedom to repatriate all prots to the investors country o origin.

8.3 Inrastructure

Qatar benets rom a modern transport network o roads, ports and internationalairports that guarantees swit connections to all areas o the country. The Port o

Doha is one o largest container shipment centres in the gul, while Doha International

Airport oers direct connections to more than 100 worldwide destinations and 1, 270

km highway network seamlessly connects the industrial cities o Ras laan, Dukhan

and Mesaieed with the capital city, Doha.

Qatars expansion o inormation and communication technologies has created an

exceptionally well-developed communications inrastructure under the guidance

o the Supreme council or communication and Inormation Technology. Internet

availability continues to grow exponentially, having increased rom just 3.6% o the

population in 2000 up to an impressive 51.8% in 2010, buoyed by the building o a

new US$3.8 billion underwater subsea cable set to link Qatar and the gul countries

to Europe and India by 2012.

8.4 Financing

In addition to credit rom banks and nancial institutions in Qatar, two additional

nancing options are available: the Qatar Exchange, which oers equity nancing,

and the Qatar Development Bank (QDB). The QDB provides nancing arrangements

to investors o any nationality, but demands that they have good credit. Eligible

projects must be registered and licensed in accordance Qatari law. Economic viability

needs to be supported by an independent, recognized consulting house.


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9. Listing rules in Qatar

9.1 Qatar Exchange

Qatar Exchange (QE) provides a regulated market place where companies have

access to capital rom local and international investors and through which listed

companies can grow their businesses. QE is regulated by the Qatar Financial MarketsAuthority (QFMA). The QFMA is an independent and empowered regulatory and

supervisory authority or the capital markets in Qatar.

To go public on QE a company must satisy three broad constituents: the Ministry o

Business & Trade, the QFMA who set the specic regulatory requirements which bust

be met, and the QEs admission requirements which are run in parallel to the QFMA

requirements.

On the basis o an initial approach to the Ministry o Business & Trade on the process

o becoming a public shareholding company the applicant will then approach

QFMA or approval o the prospectus. At a later stage a subscription period will be

determined ater submission o all necessary documentation.

10. About Our ofce Branch in Qatar

Shams Al Baharna Firm is a branch o Al Mezan Bureau in Doha. Al Mezan Bureau

is a rm o Public Accountants and Management Consultants and a member o RSM

International. It was established in 1991 by Shams Al Baharna, the Managing Partner

o the rm. Currently the rm consists o three partners.

Over the years the rm has demonstrated the ability to deliver value to dierent

organisations in Bahrain and Qatar. The rms ranking in the local market is

number six.

Our mission:

to provide the highest quality services and business solutions to our clients.

Our values:

strive to continually assure excellence in client service

achieve excellence in the work environment

commitment to quality

keep sta innovative and updated

no ethical compromise is acceptable

Qatar ofce address

Oce G5, Ritage Building, Juan Rd 808

Muntazah , P.O. Box 47199

P. O. Box 6659, Jeddah 21452,

Saudi Arabia

Telephone: +974 - 44373355

Fax: +973- 44373366

E-mail: [email protected]: www.mezanqatar.com

Bahrain ofce address

8th Floors, Falcon Tower

Diplomatic Area, P.O. Box: 11816

P. O. Box 6659, Jeddah 21452,

Saudi Arabia

Telephone: +973-17537787

Fax: +973 - 17537757

E-mail: [email protected]: www.mezan.ino


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11. About RSM International

RSM International is a worldwide network o independent accounting and consulting

rms. RSM International and its member rms are separate and independent legal

entities. RSM International does not itsel provide accounting or consulting services.

All such services are provided by members practicing on their own account.

RSM is represented by independent members in 86 counties and brings together the

talents o over 32,500 individuals in over 740 oces worldwide.

The networks places it amongst the top six international accounting organisations

worldwide. Aliate member rms are driven by a common vision o providing high

quality proessional services, both in their domestic markets and in serving the

international proessional service needs o their client base.

RSM International is a member o the Forum o Firms. The objective o the Forum o

Firms is to promote consistent and high quality standards o nancial and auditing

practices worldwide.

Notes


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Notes

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