Printable ResourcesScience Rocks

Appendix A: Pre/Post-Test

Appendix B: Pre/Post-Test ANSWER KEY

Appendix C: Rock Record Logbook

Appendix D: Testing Characteristics of Rock Samples

Appendix E: PowerPoint Dichotomous Key Peer Review

Appendix F: Performance Rubric

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Science Rocks

Appendix A: Pre/Post-Test

Name __________________________________ Date ____________ Period ______

1. If you walk outside and look at the ground, you might see a rock. Geologists can tell certain things about a rock just by observing it. Much of the time, they can tell what kind of rock it is. What process might a scientist use to classify an unknown rock sample? (2 points)___________________________________________________________________

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2. A student records the Mohs hardness values of four mineral samples in this table.Based on the data, which statement about the minerals is correct?

A. Apatite can scratch quartz and topazB. Quartz can scratch topaz and apatiteC. Gypsum can scratch apatite, quartz, and topazD. Topaz can scratch gypsum, apatite, and quartz

3. When a mineral is rubbed against a porcelain plate, it can leave a colored powder, called a "streak," on the plate. Why is streak color a useful test for identifying a mineral sample?A. Samples of the same type of mineral can have different streak colors, which

helps identify where the sample formed.B. Samples of the same type of mineral may vary in surface color, but those

samples will still have the same streak color.C. Each type of mineral has its own unique streak color, which allows any sample to

be positively identified by its streak.D. Each type of mineral should have the same surface color as its streak color, but

impurities can change the streak color.

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Mohs Hardness Values

Mineral HardnessGypsum 2

Apatite 5

Quartz 7

Topaz 8

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4. Which of these properties is used to describe how the surface of a mineral reflects light?A. ColorB.C. LusterD. ShapeE. Streak

5. This table shows Mohs scale of hardness values for six different minerals.Glass is a material that can be scratched by topaz but not by fluorite. What is the best estimate of the hardness of glass?A. Equal to 4B. Less than 4C. Between 4 and 8D. Between 8 and 10

6. Students are examining several unknown mineral samples. Which of these characteristic properties can they best use to classify each sample?A. HardnessB. HeavinessC. ShapeD. Size

7. This table shows the Mohs hardness value for some minerals. A student has a piece of unidentified mineral. It can be scratched by a piece of quartz, but it cannot be scratched by a piece of fluorite.

Which of these could be the unidentified mineral?A. CalciteB. CorundumC. GypsumD. Orthoclase

8. Which type of rock can be hard and glassy?A. Igneous rockB. Weathered rockC. Sedimentary rockD. Metamorphic rock

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Mohs Hardness Values

Mineral HardnessGypsum 2

Calcite 3

Fluorite 4

Quartz 7

Topaz 8

Diamond 10

Mohs Hardness Values

Mineral HardnessGypsum 2

Calcite 3

Fluorite 4

Orthoclase 6

Quartz 7

Corundum 9

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9. A 6th grade Science class has a cube shaped aquarium that has a volume of 138 cubic inches (see diagram 1.1). The Science teacher drops a rock that has a mass of 20 grams into the tank. The tank then has a volume of 154 cubic inches (see diagram 1.2). Given all the information provided determine the rock’s density. (2 points)

10. A graduated cylinder has been filled with 63 cubic centimeters of water. An unknown rock was dropped into the graduated cylinder. The volume after the rock was dropped was 78.4 cubic centimeters. Through a series of investigations it has become apparent that the unknown rock type has a density of 3.5 g/cm3. What must the mass of the unknown rock be?

A. 18 gramsB. 18.9 gramsC. 22.4 gramsD. 53.9 grams

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Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

V = 138 in3 V = 154 in3

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Appendix B: Pre/Post-Test ANSWER KEY

1. Rubric Scoring: The focus of the task is to illustrate the many ways of classifying rock samples.Sample Response:A scientist may classify rock samples based upon hardness. The Mohs Scale of Hardness consists of 10 classifications, 1 being the softest, and 10 being the hardest. Finding the hardness of an unidentified sample can indicate the type of mineral it is.2pts:The response provides evidence of a thorough understanding of classifying rock samples by any of the following: Luster Hardness Cleavage Streak Magnetism Fluorescence Crystal shape Specific Gravity (Displacement)1pt:The response is vague or incomplete as it relates to the process for classifying rock samples.

2. D

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. A

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9. Rubric Scoring: The focus of the task is determining the rock’s density using all information provided.Sample Correct Response:Volume)154 - 138= 16in3

(Mass Provided) 20 gramsDensity) D = M/ V D= 20/16 D= 1.25 g/cm3

2pts:The response provides evidence of determining the correct density of the rock with the appropriate units.1pt:The response provides clear evidence of solving problems related to density; however, the solution may be incomplete or slightly flawed as it relates to finding the density. For example, The student may fail to label his/her answer with the appropriate units. The response may contain or minor calculation error.

10. D

Question Type1. Identifying/Classifying2. Hardness3. Streak4. Identifying/Classifying5. Hardness6. Identifying/Classifying7. Hardness8. Identifying/Classifying9. Density10. Density

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Appendix C: Rock Record Logbook

Rock Record Logbook

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Name: _______________________________

Class: _______________________________

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All About My RockOn this page you will document your initial observations of your rock. It is important to observe as many characteristics as you can.

1. Use a hand lens and draw a magnified picture of your rock in the box to the right. Your picture should be as detailed as possible. Make sure you use color. If possible you could take a picture of your rock and glue it in the space to the right.

2. Describe how your rock feels to the touch.

3. Describe what you see when you look at your rock. What else do you see?

4. Describe any other features that are unique to your rock? Have you seen your rock before? If so, where?

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Rocks have many different properties. These properties are used to classify different rocks. With your team, sort your rocks into three groups. After you have formed three groups answer the questions below.

1. How did you decide on your groups?

2. What properties did you use to sort the rocks?

Use the list of websites on the next page to research and learn more about rock properties and classification. Take notes below. You should research different types of rocks, different properties of rocks, and Rock Families. Your notes don’t need to be in complete sentences, but make sure you write enough details to help you remember the information. Rock Properties and Classification Research Notes:

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Helpful Websites

http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/a/Rock-Tables.htm Rock identification tables with links to pictures of different rocks.

http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.htmlThis is a rock identification key by Don Peck.

http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-games/rocks-game.php Who am I? Rock game to help identify types of rocks.

http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0019-inside-of-earth.php Click on the left banner to read and learn about the different types of rocks.

http://scienceforkids.kidipede.com/geology/rocks/ Read a short summary about the types of rocks. Click on the words in red to get more information or click on the black words on the left to access specific types of rocks.

http://andycamper.com/page?s=94 Read about types of rocks and they click on the picture to get more specific information and watch a video about that particular rock.

http://www.kidsloverocks.com/html/types_of_rocks.html A website dedicated to rocks. This page gives a brief description of the types of rocks.

http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/expert/index.html Rock Hounds rock activity. Click on a rock type and read about it. Also, there are animations showing how sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks are formed.

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Now that you have researched and learned more about rock classification, would you keep your initial grouping the same? If so, why? If not, what would you change and why?

Please record your final grouping below. Use team member names to identify each rock. Check with your teacher…. Are you correct?

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Density Testing Data Sheet

You will complete the density test 3 times. After you have your three results you will average them to find the final density value for your assigned rock. Use the formula below for your calculations.

Density = Mass / Volume

Quantitative DataDensity Test Results

Rock FamilyCircle Your HypothesisThe answers may not be the

same each time

EvidenceSupport Your Hypothesis

Cite specific results from your data to provide evidence to provide reasoning for your hypothesis.

Test 1:

Volume = ___________

Mass = ___________

Density = ___________

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Test 2:

Volume = ___________

Mass = ___________

Density = ___________

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Test 3:

Volume = ___________

Mass = ___________

Density = ___________

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Average Density

(D 1+D2+D 3) ∕ 3

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

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Streak Testing Data Sheet

You will complete the scratch test 3 times. Understand that you may see different results with each test. It is important accurately draw and describe the results for each test.

Quantitative and/or Qualitative DataStreak Test Results

Rock FamilyCircle Your Hypothesis

The answers may not be the same each time

EvidenceSupport Your Hypothesis

Cite specific results from your data to provide evidence to provide reasoning for your hypothesis.

Test 1:

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Test 2:

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Test 3:

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

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Hardness, Fluorescence, and Magnetic Testing Data SheetYou will complete the following experiments 1 time. Be sure to include many details in your descriptions. It is important to record everything that you observe during each test.

Quantitative and/or Qualitative Data

Hardness, Fluorescence, and Magnetic Test Observations

Rock FamilyCircle Your Hypothesis

The answers may not be the same each time

EvidenceSupport Your Hypothesis

Cite specific results from your data to provide evidence to provide reasoning for your hypothesis.

Hardness Test ObservationsExplain why you chose the item.

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Magnetic Test Observations Explain in detail what happened with each magnet. Include the data from the iPhone app if applicable.

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

Fluorescence Test Observations Explain in detail what you observed.

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Igneous

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Based on your collected data from the five various testing stations, in which family do you believe your rock belongs? Support your answer with evidence by citing specific information from your collected data.

Draw or glue a sketch of your team’s Rock Dichotomous Key below. You will need this for tomorrow’s activity.

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Reflection

Where might you find a Dichotomous Key used outside of the classroom? Explain how it is used as a method for organizing.Think outside the box. Could it be something other than a diagram, a system for classifying, or a method for narrowing down items based on a specific property?

Where could you use a Dichotomous Key to better organize your life? Justify your answer with specific details and descriptions of how this would make you better organize your.

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Instructions for Creating a Dichotomous Key in PowerPoint

1. Take out your index cards and string, and open PowerPoint.

2. Create a slide for each index card by using the “New Slide” option on the left-hand side of the toolbar.

3. Next, format slides so that they are all blank. The simplest way to do this is:

a. Click on slide “1” in the navigation panel to the left of page.

b. Press the “Ctrl” and “A” keys simultaneously on the computer keyboard. This will highlight all slides you have created, allowing you to format them all at once.

c. To format the pages, click “Layout” on the toolbar; choose “Blank” for page format. Now, all slides will have a blank format. Click “insert” then choose what you would like to insert into each page (i.e., word art, text, pictures, or documents).

4. For the dichotomous key, each page should include a “yes” or “no” question to help categorize each rock. Use Word Art to create both a “YES” and a “NO” button graphic.

5. Once the word art created, create a hyperlink that links both the “YES” and “NO” Word Art graphics to the appropriate PowerPoint pages:

a. Left click on “Yes” and choose “hyperlink.”

b. From the hyperlink pop-up box, choose “Place in This Document.”

c. Choose the number of the slides in which you would like to link the “YES” button graphic.

d. Next, do the same for the “NO” button graphic. Note: a video tutorial can be viewed at: "How to Add Hyperlinks to a PowerPoint Presentation

For Dummies" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53QJAAqm-EA

6. At the end of each strand, provide the name of the rock sample the user has in their possession.

In addition to “Yes” and “No” hyperlinks, include a “Return to the Beginning of the Key” button at the end of each strand. This will allow users to return to the beginning of the dichotomous key and identify another rock sample.

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Appendix D: Testing Characteristics of Rock Samples

DENSITY TESTING STATION

Density – a characteristic of elements that describe how much matter is compacted into the space an element takes up

Directions for Finding Density

1. Use a balance to find the rock’s mass. Record the results on the line for Mass.

2. Use a Graduated Cylinder to find the rock’s volume, as instructed below:

a. Fill the Graduated Cylinder half full with water. Write down the volume level.

b. Carefully drop your rock into the water in the Graduated Cylinder. write the new volume level. Note: if there is no change in the volume level, you will need to use a smaller Graduated cylinder.

c. Calculate the rock’s volume by subtracting the first volume measurement from the second volume measurement. Record the results on the line for Volume.

3. To get the density of your rock, you must now divide mass by volume. Density = Mass/Volume

4. After your third test, find the average density of your rock. To do this you will use the following formula; (D1+D2+D3)/3 = Average Density

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Possible Density Values perRock Family

Igneous 2.4 – 3.4

Sedimentary 1.1 – 2.8

Metamorphic 1.1 – 2.9

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HARDNESS TESTING STATION

Mohs Scale is commonly used to categorize a minerals based on its hardness. It was named after Frederick Mohs (1773-1839), a German mineralogist. It consists of 10 fairly common minerals (except for the diamond) of known hardness, which are numerically ordered from the softest (1) to the hardest (10).

As common sense dictates, Mohs Scale is based on the fact that a harder material will scratch a softer one. A simple scratch test can help determine the relative hardness of an unknown mineral.

HARDNESS MINERAL COMMON OBJECTS1 Talc Piece of Chalk2 Gypsum Fingernail3 Calcite Copper Coin4 Fluorite Nail5 Apatite Glass6 Orthoclase Knife7 Quartz Ceramic Tile8 Topaz Steel File9 Corundum Sapphire and Ruby

10 Diamond

Directions for a Hardness Test

1. Hold your rock firmly in one hand.

2. Use the Steel Nail to scratch the surface of your rock. Record your observation.

3. Use the penny (3 on Mohs scale) to scratch the surface of your rock. Record your observation.

4. Use the file (6.5 – 7.5 on Mohs scale) to scratch the surface of your rock. Record your observation.

5. Use your fingernail (2.5 on Mohs Scale) to scratch the surface of your rock. Record your observation.

6. Perform each test three times.

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FLUORESCENCE AND MAGNETIC TESTING STATION

Fluorescence:If you shine an ultraviolet light on certain minerals, they appear to glow. This is called fluorescence. Some minerals always fluoresce the same color, while others can fluoresce different colors*

Directions for Finding Fluorescence1. Place your rock on the table.

2. Shine the black light onto the rock. Record your observations.

Mineral Rock FamilyFluorite S, M

Scheelite MCalcite S, I, M

Scapolite MKey: S = Sedimentary; I = Igneous; M = Metamorphic

Magnetism:Some minerals contain iron and can be magnetic. They act just like the fridge magnets you find at home. Magnetite (iron oxide) is the only common mineral that is strongly magnetic.

Directions for the Magnetism Test1. Place your rock on the table.

2. Place the magnets on your rock and record your observation. If you are using a phone or tablet app, place your rock above the phone or tablet. Record your observations.

Mineral Rock FamilyMagnetite IHematite S, I, MPyrrhotite IChromite I, MFranklinite M

Key: S = Sedimentary; I = Igneous; M = Metamorphic

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STREAK TESTING STATIONA streak test can be used to identify a rock or mineral type. The “streak” is the color of the mineral in powdered form. Some minerals will have a streak color that is the same as its outer color, while others will have a streak color that is very different from its outer color.

The tile hardness is approximately 7 on the Mohs Scale. Any rock with a hardness above 7 will not leave a streak on the tile.

Directions for Streak Test

1. Scrape your rock across tile or sandpaper. Record your observation.

Mineral Streak Rock FamilyFeldspar White S, I, MCalcite White to gray S, I, M

Hermatite Dark red IMagnetite Black I, M

Pyrite Green to black S, I, MQuartz White S I M

Amphibole Pale Green I MGarnet White I MOlivine Colorless I M

Pyroxene White I MMica White I M

Dolomite White S I MChromite Dark Brown I M

Hornblende Gray to greenish gray IKey: S = Sedimentary; I = Igneous; M = Metamorphic

More information about minerals can be found at http://www.minerals.net/MineralMain.aspx

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Appendix E: PowerPoint Dichotomous Key Peer Review

Name __________________________________ Date ____________ Period ______

Please review your classmates’ PowerPoint Presentations for the characteristics below. Place a check mark after each characteristic that is present in the Powerpoint. If the characteristic is not present, explain under the statement.

The PowerPoint correctly identified the rock ___________

The PowerPoint worked correctly from start to finish ___________

The questions were about rock properties ___________

Title Slide has Name, Picture, and Title ___________

Titles on each slide consistent size, font, and placement ___________

Consistent background color ___________

Consistent font size (easy to read) ___________

Font Color is easy to read ___________

Color scheme compliments overall appeal of presentation ___________

Each word of each line starts with a capital letter ___________

No spelling errors ___________

Do all the questions have question marks? ___________

Pictures are appropriate and relevant ___________

Additional Comments:

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Appendix F: Performance RubricName __________________________________ Date ____________ Period ______

3 2 1Dichotomous Keys

StatementsStatements incorporate correct domain-specific vocabulary terms.

Statements incorporate mostly correct domain-specific vocabulary terms, but some errors are evident.

Domain-specific vocabulary terms are used incorrectly, and many errors are evident.

Mechanics No more than one spelling and/or grammatical error in presentation.

Two to three spelling and/or grammatical errors in presentation.

Four or more spelling and/or grammatical errors in presentation.

Identification of Rocks

Users can accurately identify the unknown rock, using the key with no problem.

One glitch/malfunction causes key to inaccurately identify unknown rock.

More than one glitch/malfunction causes key to inaccurately identify unknown rock.

GraphicsAt least 60% of slides incorporate technical art as a means to reinforce the concept related to rock identification.

40-59% of slides incorporate technical art as a means to reinforce the concept related to rock identification.

Less than 40% of slides incorporate technical art as a means to reinforce the concept related to rock identification.

OrganizationPresentation has a sequence that allows user to examine rocks with intent of identification.

Presentation has a sequence that makes it difficult for user to examine rocks with intent of identification.

Presentation lacks sequence; therefore, user cannot examine rocks to identify rock’s type.

Journal

Density

Density trials have been completed with accuracy, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family drawing, on data collected.

Density trials have been completed, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family, correlating with data collected. Data may be inaccurate based on inaccuracy of test.

Density trials have been completed, but lack detailed explanation of rock family drawing on data collected.

Scratch

Scratch trials have been completed with accuracy, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family drawing on data collected.

Scratch trials have been completed, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family, correlating with data collected. Data may be inaccurate based on inaccuracy of test.

Scratch trials have been completed, but lack detailed explanation of rock family drawing on data collected.

Hardness

Hardness test is complete and accurate, and accompanied by a detailed explanation of the rock family drawing on data collected.

Hardness test is complete, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family, correlating with data collected. Data may be inaccurate based on inaccuracy of test.

Hardness test is complete, but lacks detailed explanation of rock family that correlates with data collected.

Fluorescence

Fluorescence test is complete and accurate, and is accompanied by a detailed explanation of the rock family drawing on data collected.

Fluorescence test is complete, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family, correlating with data collected. Data may be inaccurate based on inaccuracy of test.

Fluorescence test is complete, but lacks detailed explanation of rock family that correlates with data collected.

Magnetic

Magnetic test is complete and accurate, and is accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family drawing on data collected.

Magnetic test is complete, and accompanied by detailed explanation of rock family, correlating with data collected. Data may be inaccurate based on inaccuracy of test.

Magnetic test is complete, but lacks detailed explanation of rock family that correlates with data collected.

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