DAYA SAING PEREKONOMIAN (1):KINERJA EKONOMI
Transcript of DAYA SAING PEREKONOMIAN (1):KINERJA EKONOMI
Decision Support System
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Lecture Notes
Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto, MSc.
[email protected]@yahoo.comGunadarma University
Decision Support System
THE COCEPTUAL FOUNDATION FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Part 1 DSS: Past, Present, Future
Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto, [email protected]
Ir. (IPB), MSc (AIT-Thailand), Dr. rer.pol. (Aachen-Germany)
Decision Support System
The Background
Complexity
Shorter PLC
Global Competition Speed of
decision DSS
CompetitiveIntelligence
Decision Support System
Managerial Functions & Roles
Decision Support System
Managerial Functions & RolesManagerial Functions & Roles
Decision Support System
The The Importance of knowledge
Decision Support System
Data
Decision Support System
InformationInformation
Decision Support System
Knowledge
Decision Support System
Decision Support System
Introduction
Evolution of Computer based application• 1st generation
• Mainframe computers for transaction processing• 2nd generation
• MIS :management reporting • 3rd generation: DSS
• To help management to deal with semi structure and unstructure decision making
• Full development during 1970s and 1980s
Decision Support System
Management Information Systems
Schedule reports for well define Information needs
Demand reports for ad hoc Information request
The ability to query a database for specific data
MIS
The ultimate mission of information systems: To improve the performance of information workers in organization through the application of information technology
Decision Support System
DSS : The definition
Sprague, 1980:• Computer based systems• Help the decision maker• Confront ill-structure problems• Through direct interaction• With data and analysis model
Scenario of problem solving using DSS
Decision Support System
Dichotomy of Information Work
• High volume of transaction• Low cost/value per transaction• Well structure procedures• Output measures defined• Focus on process• Focus on efficiency• Handling of data• Predominantly clerical workers• Example: back office, payroll processing
• Low volume of transaction• High value (cost) per transaction• ill structure procedures• Output measures less defined• Focus on problems and goals• Focus on effectiveness• Handling of concepts• Managers and profesionals• Example: loan department, planning department
Procedure -based Goal -based
Decision Support System
The Data processing Evolution
Basic dataprocessing
Filemanagement
Query,Report generation
• Stand alone EDP jobs• Transaction processing• Each program has its own files• Data handling : sorting, classifying, summarizing
DPEV
• Addition of flexible report generator and queryLanguage
• Integrated EDP jobs for related function• Sharing files across several program• Develop software for handling files
Data basemanagement
• Software system for dealing with data separate from Program
• MIS capability• Reduction of program maintenance
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• Conceptualization of DSS: DDM paradigm• Three Components/ Sub system
• Dialog between the system and the user• Data that support the system• Model to provide analysis capabilities
• New technology continues to affect the dialog, data and models
Principles of DSS
Decision Support System
The Components of a DSS
___________Strategic
Models___________
Tactical Models
___________Operational
Models___________Model Buildings
Blocks andSubroutines
Model Base
Data BaseManagement
System
Model BaseManagement
System
User
___________Finance
___________Production
___________Marketing
___________Personnel
______________R&D
______________Other
______________
Otherinternal
data
External data
Documentbased
data
Data Base
Tran
sact
ion
Dat
a
Dialog BaseManagement
System
Decision Support System
The Dialog Component
Knowledge base
Action language
Presentationlanguage
•What the user knows about• the decision• how to use the DSS
•How to train user ?• one to one tutorial• classes /lectures• programmed an computer aided instruction• command or sequence files• instructions manual - online, context specific
DSS
Decision Support System
The Dialog Component
Knowledge base
Action language
Presentationlanguage
•How to control DSS• question - answer• menu - driven / oriented• command language• input-output approach• visual oriented interface - icon• voice input
•Physical action • Keyboard input• touchscreen, mouse driven
DSS
Decision Support System
The Dialog Component
Knowledge base
Action language
Presentationlanguage
DSS
• Printed report•Text•Graphics
• Animation• Voice output
Decision Support System
Dialog Styles
Combination or set of option for implementing the knowledge base, the action language and
the presentation language
Mouse
Pull - down menumove icons Graphical presentation
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Sales year2002
Decision Support System
The Data Component
Data source
Traditional EDP/MIS__________________
Data records, files
Public Data Base__________________Socio-economic data
CorporateLibrary
Word processingrecords management
____________________records, opinions, memos, estimate
Internal External
Rec
ord
base
Doc
umen
tba
se• Internal (within organization)
• easy to generate and manage• External
• popular as “public data base”• In context of DSS :as information source
• documents, concept, ideas, opinions
Decision Support System
The Organizational option
Traditional application development group
Operation research/management Science group
A stand alone, formally chartered DSS group
Planing department / Staff analysis groupwithin a functional department
A DSS group within end user services
Information center
• Institutional support play a leading role in development and management of DSS system• Support characteristics:
• Staff background• Types of services• DSS development methodology
DSSInstitutional
Support
Decision Support System
Development of DSS
Affecting factors• PC revolution• Increasing capability and reducing cost of telecomunication• Increasing availability of public data• Growth of artificial intelligent techniques• Increasing knowledge and computer literacy• Availability of hardware and software• Incereasing availability of mobile computing and communication
Decision Support System
The Challenges
•Integrated architecture•Connectivity
•LAN•WAN
•Document data•More intelligence
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• Specific DSS– Developed for supporting one particular type ofdecision.
• DSS Generators– Programs which decision makers and programmerscan use to quickly build a specific DSS application.
– Spreadsheets, IFPS, @RISK, etc.• DSS Tools– Languages, development tools, text editors, etc.,which require more technical sophistication beforethey can become specific DSS.
DSS Levels
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• Permanent / Institutional DSS– Developed for an on-going decision situation. May be refined or updated as needed.– For repetitive use (operation)• Ad-Hoc DSS– Built for one specific decision requiring immediatesupport. Often rapidly assembled using DSSgenerators & tools. May eventually result inpermanent DSS.
– usually for strategic planning
DSS Types
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– Augment decision maker’s knowledge managementabilities
– Allow decision maker to solve larger and morecomplex problems
– Make decision making faster and more reliable– Stimulate decision maker’s thoughts about a problem & reveal new ways of thinking
– Support decision maker’s decision/position withcomputational evidence
– Organizational competitive advantage
DSS Benefits
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– DSS do not replace human creativity and experience– DSS is constrained by the knowledge in its databases– DSS is constrained by the models and processes in itsmodel base and programming
– DSS is limited by its computer platform– Decision makers are required to communicate withthe DSS in its language or interface mode
– DSS are often narrow in their area of application
DSS Limitations
Decision Support System
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