Day One Morning 2013.

Three-Day Course

Department of Structural Engineering,University of Naples, Federico II, Italy

Consortium of University EarthquakeEngineering Laboratories ReLUIS

Luigi Di [email protected]

Base-Isolation of Structures:From Conceptual Design to Applications

27-28 February & 1 March 2013Port of Spain, Trinidad

Lecturer InfoDr. Luigi Di Sarno

Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications

Current job positionAssistant Professor – University of Sannio, Department of Engineering,

Benevento, Italy;

Affiliate Researcher, University of Naples, Department of StructuralEngineering, Italy;

Visiting Professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA;

Honorary Faculty Staff at University of Bristol, UK;

Consultant for Council of Caribbean Engineering Organisations for theREAKT EU-funded project; Member of Disaster Management AdvisoryGroup (DIMAG); Technical Secretary of RELUIS Consortium.

QualificationLaurea, DIC (Imperial), MSc, PhD, PE, MASCE, MACI.

ExpertiseReinforced concrete and steel structures; Multi-hazard design (wind and earthquake);Base isolation and supplemental damping for new and existing structures; Hospitals

Outline

DAY ONEPassive Control of Structures

Principles of Base Isolation of Structures

DAY TWO

Earthquake Response of Structures

Fundamentals of Structural Earthquake Engineering

DAY THREE

Design of Base Isolated Structures

Design of a Base Isolated Hospital Building


References

Chopra, A.K. (2007). Earthquake Dynamics of Structures: Theory andApplications to Earthquake Engineering, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.

Christopoulos, C. & Filiatrault, A. (2006). Principles of Passive SupplementalDamping and Seismic Isolation. IUSS PRESS, Pavia, Italy.

Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2008). Fundamentals of EarthquakeEngineering, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.

Kelly, J.M. (1996). Earthquake Resistant Design with Rubber. 2nd Edition.Springer-Verlag Inc., New York.

Naeim, F. e Kelly, J.M. (1999). Design of Seismic Isolated Structures: fromTheory to Practice. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.


Passive Control of Structures

Three-Day Course

Department of Structural Engineering,University of Naples, Federico II, Italy

Consortium of University EarthquakeEngineering Laboratories ReLUIS

Luigi Di [email protected]

27-28 February & 1 March 2013Port of Spain, Trinidad

Natural catastrophes

Eart

hqua

kes

Natural catastrophes

Critical Facilities

TransportationSystems

InfrastructureSystems

Building Stock

PhysicalDamage

Social and EconomicConsequences

Housing

Health

Emergency Shelter,Temporary Housing

Direct Damage, PriceIncreases, BusinessInterruption, Supply

Disruption

Casualties, Fatalities,Health Care Disruption

SocialDisruptionEmergency Supplies,

Family Separation

HazardEvent

Short Term Long TermRelocation,

Displacement

Fiscal Impacts,Business Failure,

Job Loss,Reconstruction

PsychologicalDistress,

Chronic Injury

Family Stress,Neighborhood

Disruption

Assessment ofImpact

EconomicLoss

Soci

al V

ulne

rabi

lity


Conceptual Structural Design

• Stiffness is the fundamental response quantity to controlthe Damageability Limit State

• Accelerations and/or Displacements control is essential tocheck the Operational Limit State

• Strength / Ductility (plastic rotations, inter-storeydisplacements, etc.) are of paramount importance to controlthe Life Safety and Collapse Prevention Limit States

• Adequate Conceptual Design is a trade-off betweenStrength / Stiffness / Ductility / Accelerations


Source: Miranda, Stanford University, USA




Performance level and objectives

Cost Breakdown

Traditional Designer

Modern Designer

Next GenerationDesigner




Performance level and objectives

How should we design reliablycritical facilities?


Performance levels


Conceptual Design

Energy approach


Conceptual Design

Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach

Conceptual Design



ResponseExcitation Structure

CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH PASSIVE CONTROL

PED

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH HYBRID CONTROL

PED

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL

PED

AutomaticControl

Sensors Sensors

AutomaticActuators





STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH ACTIVE CONTROL

AutomaticActuators

AutomaticControl

Sensors Sensors

AutomaticControl

Sensors Sensors

AutomaticActuators


Conceptual Design


TYPE OF CONTROL RANGE OF APPLICATION DEGREE OF MATURITY

Seismic Isolation Low-to-medium rise buildings(either new or existing).

Bridges and subways. Equipment or facilities.

Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical

results. Many applications world-wide.

Energy Dissipation Medium-to-high rise buildings(either new or existing).

Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines.

Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical

results. Many applications world-wide.

Passive Control Medium-to-high rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines.

Relatively mature technique. Several theoretical and practical

results. Several applications world-wide.

Active, Semi-Activeand Hybrid Control

High rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges.

Ongoing research stage. Several theoretical results. Few applications world-wide.


Conceptual Design

Conceptual Design


)()()()()( tEtEtEtEtE IHξSK INPUT ENERGY

HYSTERETIC ENERGY

VISCOUS ENERGY

ELASTIC (STRAIN) ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY

SEISMIC MOTIONSeismic protection strategies: possible design approach



Conceptual Design

Seismic protection strategies: basic questions

How does it work?

TRADITIONAL INNOVATIVE

Conceptual Design


Damper Response


Passive control: Supplemental damping

Damper Response



Hysteretic metallic devicesADASADAS

BRBBRB

DAMPER ONBRACE

DAMPER ONBRACE

ELICOIDAL SPRINGS DEVICES AND “OMEGA” LEADELICOIDAL SPRINGS DEVICES AND “OMEGA” LEAD

U-STRIPU-STRIP

Dampers



Dampers


Friction type devices


Dampers


Viscous dampers

Dampers


Base Isolation Systems


Pioneering applications for critical facilities

Reduction of the dynamic amplificationof the seismic action at the base(Ais/Abf = 1/3, located @ epicentral distance of 30km)

USC Hospital Building, L.A., California

Deam

plifi

catio

n

Northridge Earthquake (1994)

Uni

form

For

ce D

istrib

utio

n

Vertical Irregularity

0.21g

Applications


Pioneering applications for critical facilities in Italy

GERVASUTTA, UDINE

OSPEDALE DEL MARE, NAPOLI

PINETA MARE, CASERTA

Applications


Example#1: NEW CONSTRUCTION of ANAS (DOT) Building in L’Aquila

Applications


11J

11K

11H

12H

12J

12K

13K

13J

13H14K

14J

14H

15K15J

15H

16K16J

16H

17K

17J 17H

18K

18J

18H

19K

19J

19H

20K

20J

20H

1K

1J

1H

2K

2J

2H

3K

3J

3H

4H

4J

4K

5H

5J5K

6H

6J6K

7H

7J

7K

8H

8J

8K

9H

9J

9K

10K

10J

10H

x = 0.00y = 0.00

N

S

EW

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1011

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

11a

18a

4a

Applications


1st Mode

2nd Mode

3rd Mode

Example#2: : Progetto [email protected].

Applications


Example#3: : New school buildings

Applications


Example#4: RETROFIT of L’Aquila Justice Court Palace, Italy

Replacement of floors light-weigth design

Base Isolation with LDR-LC

Applications


Step-by-step procedure:

1. Application of the rigid vice;

2. Application of hydraulic jacks;

3. Lifting of the jacks (loading);

4. Block up of the jacks;

5. Installation of the belt saw;

6. Cut of the column slice;

7. Remove the column slice;

8. Installation of the isolator;

9. Remove the jacks (unloading);

10. Remove the vice.

Applications


Example#5: : Existing residential buildings @ L’Aquila, Italy

Applications


RC ColumnsCutting

Courtesy of CONSTA spa

Example#6: : Existing residential buildings @ L’Aquila, Italy

Applications


Building Uplift

Courtesy of CONSTA spa

Patented technology

CONSTA PATENT (UPLIFT)

Passive Control of StructuresCourtesy of CONSTA spa

Applications


Unseating

Span collapses at the Golden State-Antelope Valley interchange collectors during the1971 San Fernando (left) and the 1994 Northridge (right) earthquakes in California

Example#6: : Highway Bridges

Applications


Punching

Punching of piles through the road bed of the State Route 1, Watsonville area,span during the 1989 Loma Prieta (California) earthquake

Example#6: : Highway BridgesApplications




isofFPS R

NNV



The method, which is derived from thedirect displacement based procedureproposed by Priestley et al. (2007),proposes a few modifications to thegeneral method; specific design chartshave also been developed for the case ofisolation by means of FPS.The derived optimal isolator have a radiusR=3 m and a friction coefficient =4%A1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 A2

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.125

0.15

0.175

0.2

Section ID

Tra

nsv

ersa

l d

isp

lace

men

t (m

)

Design deck displacementDesign pier displacementMean design pier displacement

Placement of the isolators



-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500

ds - device slip (m)

Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500

-250

0

250

500


Vd -

dev

ice

shea

r (k

N)

I1 I2 I3 I4

I5 I6 I7 I8

I9 I10 I11 I12

Pier 9

Pier 11

Isolators selection and their locationIsolators selection and their location

LRB IsolatorsDeck ≥ 50% MTOT

Steel Dampers Isolators

Case study: The “Cintura” Viaduct

Example#7: : Railway Bridges Applications

Example#7: : Railway Bridges

Applications


Support bearings system (ULS)Support bearings system (ULS)

Pier – Local and global ductilityPier – Local and global ductility

FoundationFoundation

Lead Rubber Bearings


Applications

Passive Control of StructuresSteel Hysteretic Bearings

Ante


Applications


Steel Hysteretic Bearings

Post

How does it work?

Why Should We Use Base Isolation Systems (BIS)?

When Should We Use BIS?


Base Isolation Systems

Day One Morning 2013.

Documents

Transcript of Day One Morning 2013.