Day and Night Phases of the Moon Planets. S4E2 Students will model the position and motion of the...
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Transcript of Day and Night Phases of the Moon Planets. S4E2 Students will model the position and motion of the...
Day and NightDay and Night
Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon
PlanetsPlanets
S4E2 Students will model the position and motion
of the earth in the solar system and will explain the role of relative position and motion in determine sequence of the phases of the moon.
a. Explain the day/night cycle of the earth using a model.
b. Explain the sequence of the phases of the moon. c. Demonstrate the revolution of the earth around the
sun and the earth’s tilt to explain the seasonal changes.
d. Demonstrate the relative size and order from the sun of the planets in the solar system.
Georgia Performance Standards
Why are different phases of the Moon
observed throughout the month? What is the sequence of those phases?
What are the relative sizes of the planets in our solar system?
What is the relative order of the planets from the Sun on our Solar System?
Essential Questions
While you are enjoying breakfast in Georgia,
night is falling in places half way around the world.
How can this be so?
Night/Day
The cycle of night and day occurs because the
Earth rotates.
To ROTATE means to turn on an axis.
An AXIS is an imaginary line through the center of an object. The Earth’s axis passes through the North and South poles.
CYCLE OF NIGHT AND DAY
Remember that the Earth is a sphere. Only
one half of the Earth receives light and heat from the Sun at any given time.
The other half of the Earth is dark, and it is nighttime there.
Since the Earth rotates, the half that receives light and the half that is dark changes positions throughout the rotation of the Earth.
EARTH
As the day goes on, the Sun appears to move
across the sky.
THE SUN IS NOT MOVING. Instead, Earth is rotating, causing the Sun to look like it is moving.
The Sun is NOT MOVING
As the Earth turns, the position of the Sun in
the sky changes, This causes the angle at which sunlight strikes your part of the Earth.
The changing angle of sunlight causes shadows to change throughout the day.
When the Sun is low in the sky, shadows are long. When the Sun is high in the sky, shadows are short.
SHADOWS
Long ago, in ancient times, people used the
positions and lengths of shadows to tell the time of day.
Sundials can be used to tell the time of day.
More About Shadows
The Earth’s moon is a sphere made up of rock. It revolves around Earth every 27 ½ Earth
days. The moon does not make its own light.
“Moonlight” is really sunlight reflecting from the Moon’s surface.
Earth’s Moon
The rocky surface of the Moon is covered with
mountains, flat plains, and craters.
A CRATER is a bowl shaped dent that is caused by an object from space striking the surface of a planet or moon.
There is no air or liquid water on the Moon, which means there are NO LIVING things.
Daytime temperatures are much hotter on the Moon than on Earth and nighttime temperatures are much colder.
MOON
The Moon’s diameter (distance around) is only
about one-fourth of the Earth’s diameter.
The Moon is smaller than the Earth so its gravity is weaker than the Earth’s gravity. Because of this, things weigh less on the Moon than they do on the Earth.
MOON
The same side of the moon always faces the Earth.
DOES THE MOON CHANGE SHAPE? EXPLAIN.
If the same side of the moon always faces the
Earth, why does the moon appear to change shape?
As the moon revolves around the Earth, the near side
receives different amounts of sunlight.
The moon’s shape appears to change from a
crescent to a half circle, to a whole circle, and back again.
The changes are caused by the way sunlight strikes the Moon as it revolves around the Earth.
Phases of the Moon
At one point during the moon’s revolution
around the Earth, it receives NO sunlight and cannot be seen.
NEW MOON
As the moon revolves around the Earth, a small
part of the near side becomes sunlit and can now be seen from the Earth.
Crescent Moon
When the moon has revolved one quarter of
its orbit around the Earth, half of the Moon’s near side can be seen from Earth.
Quarter Moon
When the moon has revolved half way around
the Earth, the Moon’s entire near side is sunlit and can be seen from Earth.
Full Moon
After a new moon (when the moon is not sunlit
and you cannot see it), an increasing amount of the Moon’s near side is sunlit.
WANING MOONAfter a full moon (when the near side of the
moon is completely sunlit and you can see it), a decreasing amount of the near side is sunlit.
WAXING MOON
As the Earth orbits the Sun, the tilt of the axis
causes the seasons to change.
Seasonal Changes
Remember that is takes one year for the Earth to
revolve around the Sun.
REVOLVE means to move in a path around another object.
The orbit is in the shape of an ellipse. An ELLISPE is a circle that is flattened and slightly stretched out.
REVOLVE
The four parts of the year---spring, summer,
fall, and winter.
In June, the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere (where you live), is tilted toward the Sun. It receives strong, direct sunlight, so it is summer here.
In December, the Earth tilts away from the Sun. It receives weak, indirect sunlight and it is winter here.
SEASONS
Remember that the EQUATER is an imaginary line
the circles the Earth halfway between the North and South Poles.
It divides the Earth into NORTHERN and SOUTHERN halves, called hemispheres.
The length of day and night changes throughout
the year. This is caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis.
Because the Earth is tilted towards the Sun in the summer, there are more daylight hours and fewer hours of darkness.
In December, when the Earth is tilted away from the Sun on its axis, there are more hours of darkness than daylight hours. The shorter amount of sunlight is what helps make winter colder than summer.
Length of Day and Night
Mercury, Venus, EARTH, and Mars are called
the INNER PLANETS.
These planets get a lot of heat and light because they are close to the Sun.
The inner planets are small and are made up of solid rock materials. There surfaces have mountains and craters.
The Inner Planets
Inner Planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
Is the closest planet to the Sun. It is very hot
during the day and very cold at night.
Mercury
Is the second planet from the Sun. It is
covered by thick clouds of gas. The clouds trap the heat and make the planet very hot.
Venus
Is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only
planet known to support life. Earth has an atmosphere.
Earth
Is the fourth planet from the Sun. The surface of Mars has many craters, mountains, and volcanoes. Mars has the largest volcano ever discovered in the solar system.
Mars
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are
called the outer planets. They are cold and dark because they are far from the Sun. They are large, made of gases, and have many moons. Each also has a system of rings.
Pluto was once known as the ninth planet. In 2006, astronomers classified it as a dwarf planet. Pluto is smaller than any planet. It is made of rocks and frozen gases. It has no rings and only one moon.
THE OUTER PLANETS
Is the fifth planet from the Sun and is the
largest planet. The Great Red Spot is a large storm.
Jupiter
Is the sixth planet from the Sun. It has
beautiful rings made of dust, ice, and rocks.
Saturn
Is the seventh planet from the Sun. Unlike any
other planet, Uranus spins on its side.
Uranus
Is the eighth planet from the Sun. Methane in
its atmosphere gives Neptune its blue color.
Neptune
Is now called a dwarf planet. It is smaller than
the planets, and very far from the Sun.
Pluto
As it orbits the Sun, each planet spins like a
top. Earth’s day, one full spin, is 24 hours long. Some planets spin more quickly than Earth, while others spin more slowly. Jupiter spins around about every 10 hours. Venus takes 243 Earth days to spin just once.
Planets in Motion
The farther a planet is from the Sun, the
longer it takes to orbit. The time it takes to complete one trip around the Sun is called a YEAR.
Earth’s year is about 365 days long. Mercury makes a complete orbit in just 88 days. Neptune takes about 165 Earth years to complete its orbit around the Sun.
Earth’s Year
For thousands of years, people have been
observing the Sun, the Moon, and other objects in the sky.
Scientists did not learn how these objects move until a few hundred years ago.
Why do you think they took so long?
Sun, Moon, and Sky
Why are different phases of the Moon
observed throughout the month? What is the sequence of those phases?
What are the relative sizes of the planets in our solar system?
What is the relative order of the planets from the Sun on our Solar System?
Essential Questions