Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic...
Transcript of Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic...
![Page 1: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
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Day 7: PhonologyLing 200: Introduction to Linguistic Thought
Jonathan North Washington
26 June 2007
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 2: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
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1 Phonological Rules
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2 Phonology Problems
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 3: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
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.Phonological Rules
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Definition (Phonological Rules)
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Phonological rules are responsible for the mapping between thephonemic and phonetic (=allophonic) levels.
/Phonemic/ representation↓
Phonological rules↓
[Phonetic] representation
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 4: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
.
Definition (Phonological Rules)
.
.
.
. ..
.
.
Phonological rules are responsible for the mapping between thephonemic and phonetic (=allophonic) levels.
/Phonemic/ representation↓
Phonological rules↓
[Phonetic] representation
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 5: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
.
Definition (Phonological Rules)
.
.
.
. ..
.
.
Phonological rules are responsible for the mapping between thephonemic and phonetic (=allophonic) levels.
/Phonemic/ representation↓
Phonological rules↓
[Phonetic] representation
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 6: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rules
Account for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
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.
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1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
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.
.
2 result of the rule
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.
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3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 7: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciation
Have 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 8: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 9: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 10: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 11: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule applies
A → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 12: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C
“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 13: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
.Phonological Rules
Phonological rulesAccount for predictable properties of pronunciationHave 3 parts:
.
.
.
1 sound(s) that undergo the rule
.
.
.
2 result of the rule
.
.
.
3 environment where the rule appliesA → B / C“A becomes B in the environment C”
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 14: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsHow to solve a phonology problem
Some tests to solve phonology problems:
Minimal pairs: contrastive distribution(allophones of different phonemes)Predictability: complementary distribution(allophones of the same phoneme)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 15: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsHow to solve a phonology problem
Some tests to solve phonology problems:Minimal pairs: contrastive distribution
(allophones of different phonemes)Predictability: complementary distribution(allophones of the same phoneme)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 16: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsHow to solve a phonology problem
Some tests to solve phonology problems:Minimal pairs: contrastive distribution(allophones of different phonemes)
Predictability: complementary distribution(allophones of the same phoneme)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 17: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsHow to solve a phonology problem
Some tests to solve phonology problems:Minimal pairs: contrastive distribution(allophones of different phonemes)Predictability: complementary distribution
(allophones of the same phoneme)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 18: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsHow to solve a phonology problem
Some tests to solve phonology problems:Minimal pairs: contrastive distribution(allophones of different phonemes)Predictability: complementary distribution(allophones of the same phoneme)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 19: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
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. Phonology problemsExample
What are the high vowel phonemes of Mokilese?
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Example (Mokilese (#23, p. 139))
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. ..
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[pis̥an][dupu̥kda][pu̥ko][kis̥a][su̥pwo][kamwɔkit̥i]
[uduk][kaskas][poki][pil][apid][ludʒuk]
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dk
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 20: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsExample
What are the high vowel phonemes of Mokilese?
.
Example (Mokilese (#23, p. 139))
.
.
.
. ..
. .
[pis̥an][dupu̥kda][pu̥ko][kis̥a][su̥pwo][kamwɔkit̥i]
[uduk][kaskas][poki][pil][apid][ludʒuk]
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dk
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 21: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsExample
What are the high vowel phonemes of Mokilese?
.
Example (Mokilese (#23, p. 139))
.
.
.
. ..
. .
[pis̥an][dupu̥kda][pu̥ko][kis̥a][su̥pwo][kamwɔkit̥i]
[uduk][kaskas][poki][pil][apid][ludʒuk]
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dk
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 22: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 23: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1:
Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 24: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes
[i]̥ occurs…between voiceless consonants
[u̥] occurs…between voiceless consonants
[i], [u] occur…No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 25: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 26: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants
[u̥] occurs…between voiceless consonants
[i], [u] occur…No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 27: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 28: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants
[i], [u] occur…No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 29: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occur
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 30: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology problemsStep 1
i ̥ u̥ i up s p k # d pk s s p p l #k t p d d k
#l dʒ k
Step 1: Look at environments to find natural classes[i]̥ occurs…
between voiceless consonants[u̥] occurs…
between voiceless consonants[i], [u] occur…
No natural class can be used to define where [i], [u] occurJonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 31: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2:
Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 32: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 33: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa
[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versaTHUS…
[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 34: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 35: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…
[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 36: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution
[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 37: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 2
Step 2: Look to see if environments overlap
[i] does not occur where [i]̥ does, and vice versa[u] does not occur where [u̥] does, and vice versa
THUS…[i]̥ and [i] are in complementary distribution[u̥] and [u] are too
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 38: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3:
State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 39: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations
“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 40: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless…
…when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 41: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”
“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 42: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced…
…everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 43: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”
Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 44: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 3
Step 3: State generalisations“[i] and [u] are voiceless……when they occur between voiceless consonants.”“[i] and [u] are voiced……everywhere else.”Question: Is the Mokilese rule a voicing rule or a devoicingrule?
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 45: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4:
Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 46: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophones
I.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?Basic:
Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 47: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 48: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:
Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 49: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the rule
Occurs in wider, more complex set of environmentsRestricted (‘derived’):
Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 50: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 51: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):
Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 52: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the rule
Occurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 53: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 54: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsStep 4
Step 4: Determine identity of the phonemes and theirallophonesI.e., Which is the basic and which is the restricted allophone(s)?
Basic:Assumed to be the phoneme that undergoes the ruleOccurs in wider, more complex set of environments
Restricted (‘derived’):Predicted to be the outcome of the ruleOccurs in simplest set of environments
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 55: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?
“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”or…“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”or…V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 56: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”
or…“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”or…V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 57: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”or…
“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”or…V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 58: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”or…“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”
or…V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 59: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”or…“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”or…
V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 60: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSolution
Rule for Mokilese?“/i/ and /u/ become [i]̥ and [u̥] between voicelessconsonants”or…“High vowels become voiceless between voicelessconsonants”or…V[+high] → [-voice] / C[−voice] C[−voice]
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 61: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
.
.
3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
.
.
.
4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 62: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
.
.
3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
.
.
.
4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 63: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
.
.
3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
.
.
.
4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 64: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
.
.
3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?
Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
.
.
.
4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 65: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
.
.
3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]
Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
.
.
.
4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
![Page 66: Day 7: Phonology - Ling 200: Introduction to Linguistic ...jnw.name/ling200/slides_2007-06-26.pdf · Outline PhonologicalRules PhonologyProblems.. PhonologicalRules. Definition(PhonologicalRules).....](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042104/5e82acb216b8f703b507c95c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
. . . . . .
OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
.
. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
.
..
1 List the phonetic environments
.
.
.
2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
.
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3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
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4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology
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OutlinePhonological Rules
Phonology Problems
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. Phonology ProblemsSummary
Summary
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1 List the phonetic environments
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2 State the environments in terms of natural classes
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3 Are the environments the same or non-overlapping?Same: Contrastive distribution (allophones of differentphonemes) e.g., [i] vs. [u]Non-overlapping: Complementary distribution (allophonesof the same phoneme) e.g., [i]̥ vs. [i]
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4 Identify the basic vs. restricted allophone(s)
Jonathan North Washington Day 7: Phonology