Day 6 Feb. 9

DRQ #1: What is matter?

Activities:

• DRQ\Review DRQ

• Complete Cornell Notes on Section 8.1 pages 214-220

• Begin Same/Different Diagram 3 parts, put plasma discussion on the side.

DRQ #1: What is matter?

• Anything that takes up space

• Can be a solid, liquid, gas or plasma

8.1 Notes

• Matter and Temperature

Day 1-2 Feb 10-11

DRQ # 2 : What are 2 similarities and 2 differences between solids and gases?

Activities:

• DRQ\Review DRQ (hand in triangle diagram)

• Create a foldable – one page per state of matter.

DRQ # 2 : What are 2 similarities and 2 differences between solids and gases?

Similarities1.All matter is made of atoms and

molecules2.All matter takes up space, and has

mass3.All matter has internal energy, kinetic

energy4.All matter has movement within the

particles

SolidsUnique qualities of solids

– Definite shape– Definite volume– Geometric Patterns– Difficult to change volume– “Sticks” together

Molecules in solids only vibrate

• The kinetic energy is low -movement is confined to just vibrating in place or rotation

• The force attracting the molecules together is stronger than the forces pulling the molecules apart

• That means the molecule become fixed in place (often line up in a crystalline arrangement.)

- School for Champions

LiquidsUnique Qualities of Liquids

– Takes the shape of its container

– Can’t be squeezed into a smaller volume

– Flows, has more motion – More kinetic energy than

a solid– “sticks together”

Molecules in liquids loosen structure

• Have enough kinetic energy to break out of the constraints of a structure.

• The force between molecules is only strong enough to hold the material together in the form of a liquid.– School for Champions

Gases• Unique Qualities of Gases

– “Springy”– They can change shape– They can change volume– Particles are free to move in

all directions– More kinetic energy than a

solid or a liquid– Can completely separate

from one another – diffusion– DOES NOT stick together.

Molecules in gases run free• More energetic and are moving

rapidly. • Their kinetic energy is greater than

the attractive force between them. • A gas will easily spread and not

stay in an open container.

School for champions

PlasmaUnique Qualities

Most common form matterFound in starsMixture of positively and

negatively charged particlesAs the particles are heated they

break into smaller particles, which are charged

plasma is a partially ionized gas,

some electrons are free rather than being bound to an atom or molecule.

Plasma is electrically conductive Plasma typically takes the form of neutral gas-like clouds, as seen, for example, in the case of stars.

in the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments

wikipedia

Thermal Expansion• Kinetic theory of

matter explains why matter changes when it is hot or cold

• Almost all matter expands when it gets hot, and contracts when it gets cold

Day 3 Feb 12• DRQ #3: What is plasma? Where is it

found?

Activities:

• DRQ\Review DRQ (Hand in booklet)

• Changes in state info

• Changes in State 8.3 (pages 224-227)

DRQ #3: What is plasma? Where is it found?

• Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the atoms are different because they are made up of free electrons and ions (unstable, charged atoms) of the element.

Northern Lights and ball lightning are types of plasmas.

Fluorescent light bulb. Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when

the light is turned on. The electricity charges up the gas. This creates glowing plasma inside the bulb.

Stars are big balls of gases at really high temperatures. The high temperatures create plasma.

Fluorescent lights are cold compared to really hot stars. They are still both forms of plasma, even with different physical characteristics.

Changes in States of Matter

• “State” describes a physical form of matter. The key word to notice is physical.

• Things only move from one state to another by physical changes – these are NOT changes in chemistry!!!

Kinetic theory revisited…

• You are creating a physical change

• If energy is added– (like increasing the temperature or increasing pressure)

• If energy is taken away – (like freezing something or decreasing pressure)

Physical changes in state…

• One compound or element can move from phase to phase, but still be the same substance.

• You can see water vapor over a boiling pot of water. That vapor (or gas) can condense and become a drop of water.

– If you put that drop in the freezer, it would become a solid.

– No matter what phase it was in, it was always water.

Example of a chemical change…

• Crushing chalk – chemical or physical change?– Physical – it’s still chalk, just looks different

• Adding vinegar – chemical or physical change?

– Chemical – the acidic vinegar dissolved the chalk creating a new compund.

Class work: Read pages 224-227

Take notes (on the back of tomorrow’s concept mapping activity).

Definition and example of each:1. Melting2. Freezing3. Boiling4. Vaporization5. Evaporation6. CondensationDefinition only:1. Heat of fusion2. Heat of vaporization

Day 5 Feb 17

• DRQ #4: Put in order of least to most kinetic energy… put an arrow between each to represent the addition of energy.– Gas– Solid– Liquid– Plasma

Activities:• DRQ # 4: Review (check homework)• Review notes on Changes in state• Review for Quiz• (if time) start Chapter 8 vocab crossword

DRQ #4: Put in order of least to most kinetic energy… put an arrow between each to

represent the addition of energy.

Pages 224-227

• Are these chemical changes or physical changes? How do you know?

• Explain what is happening (either with pictures or in words) as matter changes from one state to another. – Hint: think about the amount of energy in each

state.

The week ahead…

• Quiz on 8.1 and 8.2 Thursday– Quiz review…

• What is matter?• List 3 ways all matter is the same• List 3 ways Solids, Liquids, Gases and Plasma are different• What is thermal expansion?• How is thermal expansion related to matter and energy

changes? • What theory explains these changes?• What happens to a solid when you add energy?

– What is this called?

• What happens to a liquid when you add energy?– What is this called?

• Why does sweating cool you off?

Day 6 Feb 18

• DRQ#5: Compare plasma to a gas.

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ • Return/review Venn Diagram 3 parts, improve using

notes, class discussion• Review state changes concept map• Complete vocabulary crossword.• Preview next two sections, discuss Quiz on Thursday

• Homework: Complete vocab for Chapter 8.

DRQ: Compare plasma to a gas.

Gas Plasma

Takes shape of containerLots of KE Most KE

Particles all “one piece” Particles “broken up”

Neutral charge Electrically charged

Commonly found on earth/in universe

Day 1 Feb 19DRQ: No DRQ

Activities– Check/Review Homework– Questions?– Quiz on States of Matter

Homework: Complete Chapter 8 Vocabulary Crossword

Day 2 Feb 20DRQ #6: Why does a closed, empty 2-L

plastic bottle cave in when placed in a freezer?

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ• 8.4 Behavior of Gases Notes

Homework: None

DRQ #6: Why does a closed, empty 2-L plastic bottle cave in

when placed in a freezer?

According to the kinetic theory of matter, the particles of the gas will loose energy and slow down their movement.

The gas particles will not collide with each other as much, and will not require as much space.

The volume of the gas will shrink, and because the pressure of the air outside, the bottle will collapse on itself.

Notes for 8.4

• Fill in the blanks as we discuss the section.

• Put in your notebook, after your Matter and Temperature study guide. (page 5 of notes)

Vocabulary Focus: pressure, pascal, Boyle’s Law, Charles Law

Friday Video

• Here’s a video for you!

Day 3 Feb 23

DRQ#7: How would you describe pressure?

Activities:

• DRQ\Review DRQ

• Review quiz

• 8.4 Notes

Day 3 Feb 23

• Ways to describe pressure– Amount of force on a object– Difference in pressure when there is a

difference in the of amount of particles in a space

– Force per unit area– Pressure is measured in pascals– Air pressure increases in lower elevations,

decreases in higher elevations

Notes for 8.4

• Fill in the blanks as we discuss the section.

• Put in your notebook, after your Matter and Temperature study guide. (page 5 of notes)

Vocabulary Focus: pressure, pascal, Boyle’s Law, Charles Law

Day 4 Feb 24

DRQ #8: What inventions use pressure to do work?

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ • Complete notes on Boyle’s and Charles’ law

Homework: None

DRQ #8: What inventions use pressure to do work?

• Plunger

• Squirt gun• Turkey baster• Nail gun• Pressure washer• Vacuum• Straw• Nail clipper

• Paint ball gun• Sand blaster• Tire pump• Pogo stick• Shock absorber• Syringe• Heart• Ketchup/mustard

bottle

Notes for 8.4

• Fill in the blanks as we discuss the section.

• Put in your notebook, after your Matter and Temperature study guide. (page 5 of notes)

Vocabulary Focus: pressure, pascal, Boyle’s Law, Charles Law

Charles vs. Boyle

• A significant advance in the study of gases came in the early 1800's in France.

• Hot air balloons were extremely popular at that time and scientists were eager to improve the performance of their balloons.

• Two of the prominent French scientists, Jacques Charles and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, made detailed measurements on how the volume of a gas was affected by the temperature of the gas.

• Boyle's Law is named after the Irish natural philosopher Robert Boyle (1627-1691) who was the first to publish it in 1662.

• The relationship between pressure and volume was brought to the attention of Boyle by two friends and amateur scientists, who discovered it.

• Boyle confirmed their discovery through experiments and published the results.

Day 5 Feb 25

DRQ # 9: Explain Charles’ law.

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ (check for homework

completion)• Review Charles’ Law vs. Boyle’s Law• Bill Nye Pressure

Homework: Cornell Notes on Uses of Fluids

DRQ # 9: Explain Charles’ law

Day 5 Feb 25

Day 6 Feb 26DRQ #10: Why is gas under more

pressure when you make its container smaller?

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ • Charles vs Boyle• Mini quiz on Gas Laws• Grade Cornell Notes on Uses of Fluids

Homework: Study guides for Behavior of Gases and Uses of Fluids

DRQ #10: Why is gas under more pressure when you make its

container smaller?• Boyle’s Law states that when you make the

space smaller, the gas will increase in pressure.• This is because pressure is a measure of the

force on an area. – The force is created by the collisions of the gas

molecules. • When the space is smaller, the molecules will

collide with each other more, and the amount of force will increase.

• When the space is larger, the molecules will collide less, and the amount of force will decrease.

Demonstrations

• Crush the can with ice– Which law?

• Inflate/deflate the balloon – Which law?

• Hot air balloon rising– Which law?

• Squirt bottle– Which law?

• Air rocket– Which law?

• Hose nozzle– Which law?

Charles vs. Boyle

• A significant advance in the study of gases came in the early 1800's in France.

• Hot air balloons were extremely popular at that time and scientists were eager to improve the performance of their balloons.

• Two of the prominent French scientists, Jacques Charles and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, made detailed measurements on how the volume of a gas was affected by the temperature of the gas.

• Boyle's Law is named after the Irish natural philosopher Robert Boyle (1627-1691) who was the first to publish it in 1662.

• The relationship between pressure and volume was brought to the attention of Boyle by two friends and amateur scientists, who discovered it.

• Boyle confirmed their discovery through experiments and published the results.

What law does this represent?

• Why?

B is for Boyle

• The B is for Boyle

• The ^ and v represent volume increasing and decreasing and the pressure increasing and decreasing.

Take out a half sheet of paper

• Put your name in the top left.

• Put the date below your name.

• Number 1-4 down the left side.

• Skip three lines for number 3.

Mini – Quiz 1. Force per unit area is a measure of ____?2. Air pressure _______ as you get farther from

earth because the particles are more spread apart.

3. What will happen to the pressure of a gas if you cool it?

Bonus – which law is this? (+ 5 %)

1. A. How was this demonstrated or what happens in everyday life that shows this?

4. What will happen to the pressure of a gas if you make the container that holds the gas smaller?

Bonus – which law is this? (+ 5 %)

1. A. How was this demonstrated or what happens in everyday life that shows this.

Time is up

• Hand in your quiz.

Get a Cornell Notes Rubric and your Homework sheet for tonight.

Put your name on BOTH.

Grade your homework

1. Check for your name and date.

2. ROWS 1 AND 2, pass notes forward, I will collect and take to rows 5 and 6.

3. ROWS 3, 4, 5, 6 - Pass your notes one row to the right.

4. Pass again to the right.

5. Put YOUR name on the rubric (as the “grader”)

Grade your homework

1. Grade based on the rubric

2. Pass to OWNER to “fix”.

3. Once notes are “fixed” hand in graded notes on front cart.

4. Start your study guide for Behavior of Gases and Uses of Fluids.

Day 1 Feb 27

DRQ # 11: What does it mean to displace a fluid?

Activities:

• DRQ\Review DRQ (check for homework completion)

• Buoyancy demos

• Buoyancy video

Homework: none

DRQ # 11: What does it mean to displace water?• Displacement occurs when an object is put

in a fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its place. ...

• Balloons in the back – which is displacing more water?

Demo of Displacement

• Here’s a clip that will show you how to measure an object’s displacement.

Buoyancy

• Objects like boats float, even if the metal that makes up their hull is heavier and denser than water, because of a force called buoyancy. That means the water pushes up against them.

• Buoyant force is the force of a fluid on an object.

• As long as the buoyant force is more than the object’s weight, the object will float.

You sinking or floating

• A boat is built to spread out the metal over a wide area– it floats because the water pushes up on a lot of

the metal in fact, it pushes the same as the boat’s weight.

• Think about the last time you went swimming. – If you wrapped your arms around your legs and

curled up into a ball, did you sink? – When you stretched out flat, did you float?

Sink vs. float

• That’s because more water pushes against you since your body is laid out flatter. When you curl up into a ball, less water is pushing against you.

• It’s the same concept as the bed of nails – since your body is spread out over a bed of nails, there is less pressure on any one point. If you curl up, it will hurt, you’ll put too much pressure on one area.

Two Pieces of Clay

• Both weigh the same.

• One displaces more water because of it’s shape – it will float.

• The other sinks.

Hot air balloon

• A hot air balloon has warm gases inside it.• Those warm gases displace some of the air in the room, or the

atmosphere.• Since the gases the balloon displaces weighs more than the

balloon and the warm gases in it, the balloon will float on the air.

Buoyancy

• Here’s a video for you!

Day 2 March 2

DRQ# 12: What is buoyant force?

Activities: • DRQ\Review DRQ • Buoyancy activity – create a boat, test with

pennies.• Review Fluids study guide

Homework: None

DRQ # 12: What is buoyant force?

• Buoyant force is the upward force that a fluid puts on an object.

• When the buoyant force on an object is greater than its weight, it will float.

Buoyancy “test”• Each of you will receive a

piece of aluminum foil.• You have 30 seconds to

shape your foil into a boat.• Add pennies to your boat,

count each one.• Put your name and # of

pennies on the chart in the back.

• DO NOT SINK YOUR BOAT – you will be disqualified.

• The other half will review notes and homework for Chapter 8.5 with me.

When the timer rings, we’ll switch.

Day 3 Mar 3

DRQ # 13: Explain how a plane lifts off the ground.

Activities• DRQ\Review DRQ • Bernoulli activities• Explaining Pascal’s Principle

Homework: Complete Chapter Review Questions 1-10, 13, 14, 15,16 and 25 PAGES 242-243

DRQ # 13: Explain how a plane lifts off the ground?

• The air traveling over the wing has to travel farther than the air below it, because the wing is curved.

• When air travels faster, it creates lower pressure.

Activities

• Bernoulli activities– Lift– Balloon/fan– Cans (Rules - Do not touch or blow directly on

the cans!)

• Explaining Pascal’s Principle– Toothpaste, glue, squeeze bottle– Spiked ball

Day 4 March 4

DRQ : What do you know about the following concepts?

Row 1 Solids vs. Liquids vs. Gas vs. Plasma (differences and similarities)

Row 2 Thermal expansion Row 3 The kinetic theoryRow 4 PressureRow 5 Boyle’s and Charles’ lawsRow 6 Archimedes, Bernoulli’s and Pascal’s principle

Activities:• Hand in Chapter Review Questions• Chapter Review/Study Guide/Cornell Notes review

Homework: States of Matter review concept map

Solids vs. Liquids vs. Gas vs. Plasma

Solid to a gas = sublimation, vibrate, geometric patterns, melt Liquids = more NRG than solid, takes shape of container, flow, vol. doesn’t change Gases = more NRG than liq. Less than plasma, vol changes, particles separate Plasma = +/- charges, lots NRG, particles separate

Thermal expansion

When something is heated it expands, when something cools it contracts, because the heat is really NRG and it makes the particles move faster and they need more space. Thermometer, concrete bridge expansion joints

The Kinetic Theory

Tiny particles in constant motion makes up all matter, in a solid it lacks energy to move out of position, a liquid has enough energy to move, but not out of position, a gas and a plasma has enough energy to move completely away from other particles

Pressure Pressure is the amount of force exerted on an area, unit is Pascal. All matter moves from areas of high to low pressure. Faster moving air has lower pressure.

Boyle’s and Charles’ laws

Charles = Celsius, changes in temperature create changes in gas volume. When volume goes up, pressure goes up. Boyle = Bumps, changes in the size of the container affect pressure, squeezing increases pressure.

Archimedes, Bernoulli’s and Pascal’s principle

Archimedes = buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the matter displaced by the object; boats/hot air balloons

Pascal = pressure flows throughout a liquid without changing; toothpaste, hydraulics

Bernoulli's = faster fluid has less pressure, how planes fly/sailboats

Chapter Review

1. The temperature at which all particle motion of matter would stop is absolute zero (a).

2. The state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is solid (d).

3. The most common state of matter is plasma (c.

4. Most pressure is measured in kilopascals (b).

5. Pascal’s principle is the basis for hydraulics (c.

Chapter Review

6. Bernoulli’s principle explains why airplanes fly (a).

7. Particles separate completely from each other in a gas (a).

8. The state of the matter in the sun and other stars is primarily plasma (b).

9. In general, as a solid is heated, it expands (d).10. A material’s heat of fusion give the amount of

energy needed to melt a solid (c.

13. The hot tea transfers energy to particles in the glass and the ice. The tea loses energy so it cools. The glass and the ice take energy from the tea. The glass warms up and the ice melts as the energy is added.

14. Water vapor in the air is cooled by the glass. The particles of vapor lose energy and condense on the glass.

15. The deeper water contacts more of the surface area of your body. It resists gravity and the upward buoyant force of the water acts against the downward force (gravity) of your weight on the rocks.

16. According to Charles’s law, as the temperature of a gas changes, so does the volume. As the volume changes, so does the pressure, according to Boyle’s law. (FYI – you should not check or change air pressure on a hot tire)

Chapter Review

States of MatterAnd their properties

Solid• • •

Liquid• • •

Gas• • •

Plasma• • •

_____________’s Principle•

•

_____________’s Principle•

•

_____________’s Principle•

•

__________’s Law•

•

__________’s Law•

•

Similarities of all States of Matter• • •

PressureThermal Expansion

Fluids

Day 5 March 5DRQ: PUT ON A PIECE OF SCRAP

PAPER! Will be handed in!What concept (be specific) would you like

to see again or review in more depth?

Activities• Missing Tasks (Mrs. Dougherty)• Return Chapter Review (Kaley• Return 8. 5 Cornell Notes/Review (Jacob)• 8.3 Notes and Concept Map• Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5• Review yesterday’s homework – Concept map

Homework – Study for Chapter 8 Test

Activities• Chapter Review √• 8. 5 Cornell Notes• 8.3 Notes and Concept Map• Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5• Review yesterday’s homework – Concept map

Homework – Study for Chapter 8 Test Friday

Activities• Chapter Review √• 8. 5 Cornell Notes √• 8.3 Notes and Concept Map• Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5• Review yesterday’s homework – Concept map

Homework – Study for Chapter 8 Test Friday

Activities• Chapter Review √• 8. 5 Cornell Notes √• 8.3 Notes and Concept Map √• Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5 • Review yesterday’s homework – Concept map

Activities• Chapter Review √• 8. 5 Cornell Notes √• 8.3 Notes and Concept Map √• Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5 √• Review yesterday’s homework – Concept map

HomeworkReview your:• Notes section…

– 8.1 Cornell Notes on Matter and Temperature– Triangle comparing 4 states of matter– 8.3 Notes and Concept Map– 8. 5 Cornell Notes – Study Guides for 8.1 and 8.5 – Chapter Review – Table and Concept map