Day-3, Mr. Arvind Gujral, BSES
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Transcript of Day-3, Mr. Arvind Gujral, BSES
Energy Efficiency - Distribution
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Arvind Gujral
Head, Network Operations
Significant 8~10% (North
America/ Europe ~ 7%)
Can be reduced but
Unavoidable
Lower Priority – Not on
the radar of most Discoms
More complex – requires
detailed cause analysis
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Cause Analysis
Distribution component inherent losses
– iron and copper losses
Design parameters of network
elements – rated losses
Star rating of transformers
Use of amorphous core –
reduction in iron losses upto
70%
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Cause Analysis
Supply Parameters – power
factor, harmonics, imbalance
Load balancing at all voltage
levels
PF control at Grid and
Distribution Transformer level
Harmonics an increasing area
of concern due to extensive
usage of power elctronics, CFLs
etc
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Total losses
0.23% 0.27% 0.32% 0.39%0.49%
0.60%0.74%
0.89%1.07%
1.27%
0.00%0.20%
0.40%0.60%
0.80%1.00%
1.20%1.40%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Total losses
Tranformer Capacity 630 kVA
Assumed Power Factor 0.85 Lag
Full Load Loss 6800 W
No Load Loss 1200 W
Cause analysis
Loading Conditions
Demand Pattern BRPL
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Time of Day
De
ma
nd
(M
W) Typical Summer Day
Typical Winter Day
Typical Day in April
Peak
Peak
Peak
Typical BRPL load curve
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Since most of the technical loss in the network is I2R loss, the losses will rise in proportion to the square of the current loading.
Energy Input Growth of Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Peak growth (73.7%) is far more than energy growth (34.7%). Undesirable shape of load curve.
Energy Input Growth of Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
The growth in peak demand (MVA) at app. 8% far higher than the increase in input energy at app. 4%. Ie the City Load Factor (avg to peak ratio) is deteriorating.
•Since network capacity has to cater to the peak demand, higher Capex is required
•However the capacity to earn returns on the investement will be lower due to the lower growth in actual throughput in MU’s
•Higher technical losses at peak loading conditions
Urgent need for interventions required to flatten the load curve - DSM
DSM – Other Imperatives
• Optimum utilization of Generation, Transmission and Distribution assets
• Discoms typically tie up base load thru long term PPA’s, but peak load power is procured thru bilaterals, at a higher cost
• At the same time excess power during lean periods is being disposed of thru UI mechanism at nominal rates, adding to the average cost of power
• Consumer awarness and participation in energy conservation
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
DSM for Load curve Flattening
Energy storage
• Electricity rate fluctuates in a day – from maximum to minimum
• Storage system – consumer can store during non peak .
• Storage by Utilities
Demand Response
• Technology to shift load
• Technology to conserve load
• Demand response system
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Time of Day Tariffs• Incentive to consumers to shift to off peak hours
• Does not require any new technology/ investment
• Voluntary – consumer friendly
Introduced in Delhi by DERC in 2012 Applicable to non-domestic consumers >100KVA Summers: +10% during peak hrs and -10% during off peak
(peak 3pm- 12midnight, off peak 12-6am) Winters: +5% during peak hours and -10% during off peak
(peak 5-11pm, off peak 11pm to 6am)
Impact found to be marginal, of the order of 2% across the applicable segment
Based on discussions with the Discoms, and their recommendation, this has now been increased to Summers +/- 15% Winters +10/ -15%
TOD Tarrifs in Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Demand response (load response) is “reduction of electricity use by end-use customers in response to power grid needs, economic signals from a competitive wholesale market or special retail rates”
Provide opportunities for end-use customers to realize value for reduction in demand
Demand response can compete equally with generation markets
Demand Response BRPL
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
BRPL DR ProgramFacilitator to coordinate DR
• Capacity 25 MW
• Availability …… 100 Hrs/ year
• Typical cost 4.75Rs/ KWh .
• Only for volunteers
• Incentive for consumers.
• Response time .. 45 Mins
Becoming popular
It is a virtual generation system – Most environment friendly.
100% contribute when network is on stress. A true peak curtailing mechanism
Leads towards energy Conservation. Consumer become knowledgeable as how to reduce consumption.
Totally Volunteers based
Demand Response
Demand response cannot be compared with load shedding
DR helps in reducing peak technical loss
DR need policy support
Can DR Negawatt can be compared with renewable energy = DR obligation
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
IF we store energy when it
is surplus & rates are at the
lowest and consume when
there are shortages & rates
are high
DSM Initiatives – Energy Storage
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Principle Energy storage is a solution to
flatten the load curve
Energy can be stored in another form – thermal or Battery
When reused – part is lost in process
Stored energy can be used as and when required
Energy Storage - Principle
Electric storage also helps in improving supply quality and Reliability
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Energy Storage - Business Model
BRPL had identified a requirement of 100MWh Battery for its grids.
• System Purchase by DISCOM
• Rental basis – banking charges
• Sale –purchase basis
• Charging ( selling to battery)
• Discharging ( buying from battery)
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.