Day 3 hazara basin

Hazara Basin Day 3

Stratigraphic Sequence of Hazara area

Age Formation Description

Early Miocene

Middle Eocene

Early to Middle Eocene

Early Eocene

Late Paleocene

Middle Paleocene

Early Paleocene

Murree Formation

Kuldana Formation

Chorgali Formation

Margala Hill Formation

Patala Formation

Lockhart Formation

Hangu Formation

Grey and reddish sandstone and shales

Maroon to varicolored shales and marl

Thinly bedded limestone and marl

Nodular foraminifera grey limestone

Greenish grey/Khaki shales with limestone

Nodular foraminifera grey limestone

Sandstone, claystone, Laterite DISCONFORMITYLate Cretaceous

Early Cretaceous

Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous

Kawagarh Formation

Lumshiwal Formation

Chichali Formation

Fine grained light grey limestone

Grey to brownish coarse sandstone

Dark grey shales with sandstone beds

DISCONFORMITYMiddle Jurassic

Early Jurassic

Samanasuk Formation

Datta Formation

Limestone with dolomite patches & oolites

Sandstone, quartzite, micro conglomerates DISCONFORMITYEarly Cambrian

Cambrian

Hazira Formation

Abbottabad Formation

Calcareous siltstone and shales/quartzites

Dolomite with sandstone, shale in lower part and boulder beds at base

UNCONFORMITYLate Precambrian

Late Precambrian

Hazara Formation

Tanawal Formation

Slates, pelites sandstones and quartzites with a horizon of gypsum & two limestone beds

Quartzite and quartz mica schists with a 500 Ma intruded granite

Hazara Basin Day 3

List of Observed Formations in Hazara Area The following formations were observed in Hazara range.

Hazara formation Tanawal formation Samanasuk formation chichali formation Lumshiwal formation Kawagarh formation Hangu limestone Lockhart Limestone Patala formation Margala hill formation Murree formation

Hazara Formation

Lithology:

The Formation consists of slate, phyllite and shale with minor occurrences of limestone and graphite layers. Slate and phyllite are green to dark green and black in color.Limestone beds with maximum thickness of 150 m and calcareous phyllite gypsum from 30 to 120m thick are found in southern most hazara. Marks and Ali (1961) regarded the formation as a deep water turbidity current deposit. Calkins (1969) contended that the beds limestone, graphite and gypsum are unlikely to occur in a turbidity sequence and regarded the formation as a shallow water argillaceous sequence.Slates of greenish colour with interbeds of sandstone and have balls of clay on upper part.Ball and pillow structure

Samanasuk Formation

Synonymy

Baroch Lime Stone by Gee(1945),Kioto Lime Stone by Cotter(1933),Kioto Lime Stone by Middlemiss(1896),Sikhar Lime Stone by Latief(1970)

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Type locality:

Samanasuk peak in samana range .

Lithology

In Hazara area the limestone of the Formation is thin to thick-bedded and includes some dolomitic, ferruginous, sandy and oolitic beds. The thickness of the Formation is 366 m in Bagnotar section of Hazara area. The lower contact is transitional with Shinawari Formation and upper contact is disconformable with Chichali formation.Light grayish to bluish gray limestone with yellow patches of dolomitization(S:33 P:45), oolitic limestone and sandy limestone.

Contacts

Formation has lower conformable contact with Datta Formation while the Upper contact is unconformable with Hangu formation

Fossils

Gastropods, Brachiopods, Bivalves are reported

Age

The fauna indicates that age in all areas is essentially Middle Jurassic.

Chichali Formation

Synonymy

Middle miss (1896) called the rocks of Chichali formation as ''Spiti Shale'' in hazara.

Type locality

Chichali pass

Lithology

Blackish gray splintery shales have rare interbeds of ferrigeneous sandstone.Have khaki weathered color. Belemnities are also observed.In southern hazara the formation is divided into three folds with almost type section. In the lower part it consists of glauconitic sandstone with nodular silty, calcareous, phosphatic base. In the middle part it consists of glauconitic, sandy shale and dark pyritic unfossiliferous shale in the upper part. In northern hazara the formation

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shows a facies change consisting of dark silty shale with some ferruginous calcareous and phosphatic nodules and is similar to ''Spiti Shale'' of Himalayas.

Contacts

Lower contact with Samanasuk Formation is disconformable while the Upper contact is gradational with Lumshiwal Formation

Fossils

Ammonites and belemnites of late Jurassic age have been recorded from Chichali formation in hazara area.

Age

The above mentioned fauna indicates Pre Kathonian possibly Late Oxfordian age of this Formation.

Lumshiwal Formation

Synonymy

The name Giumal sandstone" was given to the rocks of Lumshiwal formation in Hazara area by Middlemiss (1896). Cotter (1933) used the name "Main sandstone series" for the same rocks.

Type locality

Wuch khwar section in Nizampur area and Jhamiri village on Haripur jabrian Road in Hazara are the reference sections of Lumshiwal formation.

Lithology

In Hazara area the formation is mostly of marine origin consisting of quartose, ferruginous sandstone and dark rusty brown sandy limestone. In southern hazara its thickness is 50m in northern hazara its thickness varies from 20m to 10m. The lower contact with Chichali formation is transitional and upper contact with Kawagarh formation of upper cretaceous is disconformable.Lower part have have glauconitic shales and middle part have glauconitic sandstone and upper part have ferragineous sandstone and oyster bearing sandstone.

Contacts

Hazara Basin Day 3

The lower contact with Chichali formation is transitionaupper contact with Kawagarh formation of upper cretaceous is disconformable.

Fossils

The uppermost part of formation in northern Hazara has abundant fossil casts of brachiopods, gastropods and Ammonites.

Age

The age of the formation in Hazara area is lower cretaceous.

Kawagarh Formation

Synonymy

Sublithographic Limestone by Davies(1930).Darsamand Limestone by Fatmi and Khan(1966).Durban Limestone bu S.N. Khan and W Ahmad(1968).Chanali Limestone by Latief(1970)

Lithology

Regional lithology

It is composed of micritic limestone have equi-beds. Limestone is very fine grained and have light grey to light dark grey in color

Field lithology

The Nara sandstone member in the upper part is grey, brownish grey to dark grey, thick bedded, calcareous sandstone with some limestone interbeds. In northern hazara Nara member was not developed and Kawagarh formation consists of grey, olive grey, light grey sublithlogic limestone with subordinate marl and Calcareous shale.

Contacts

Upper disconformable with Hangu Formation.

Fossils

Latif (1970) has reported following foraminifers from southern Hazara: Globotruncana lapparenti, G.fornicata, G. concavata carinata.etc.

Hazara Basin Day 3

Age

On the basis of the fossils, the age of the Formation is considered to be Upper Cretaceous.

Associated structure

Equal bedding,Conchoidal fracture;and Calcite vein.

Hangu Formation

Synonymy

“Hangu Shales” and “Hangu Sandstone” by Davies (1930) and “Hangu Formation” by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan (1973)

Type locality

The type section of the formation is near fort Lockhart

Lithology

The formation consists of variegated sandstone, shale, carbonaceous shale and some nodular, argillaceous limestone in the salt range. A 2 m to 3 m thick bed of ferruginous, pisolitic Sandstone occurs at the base of unit Lithology can be divided into two parts. Lower part composed of iron bearing clay, concentration of iron is very low. Upper part consists of quartose sandstone. Sandstone is fine grained and whitish in color.

Contacts lower disconformable with Kawagarh Formation. Upper conformable contact with Lockhart Limestone

Fossils

Foraminifers with some Corals, gastropods and bivalves have been reported by lqbal (1972).Haque (1956) recorded abundant Epistominella dubia from Nammal gorge.

Age

On thee basis of fossils Formation has assigned Early Paleocene age.

Lockhart Limestone

Hazara Basin Day 3

In Hazara area the limestone is dark grey and black in colour and contain intercalations of marl and shale. The limestone is generally bituminous and gives off fetish odour on fresh surface. It is 90 to 242 m in Hazara. Nummulities also found in Lockhart limestone in Hazara.

Patala Formation

Synonymy

Patala Shales” by Davies (1937), “Tarkhobi Shales” by Eames (1952), “Hill Limestone” by Wynne (1873). The present name was given by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan.Type locality:

The section exposed in Patala nala is designated as type section in Salt range

Lithology

It is mainly composed of splintery shale with interbedded limestone having weathered colour yellow to rusty brown.

Contacts

Lower conformable with Lockhart Formation. upper conformable with margala hill limestone.

Fossils

Larger Foraminifers including Lockarcia tipprie, Lockarcia condety, Ascilina dandotica, Ascilina delcina. Miscilina masala and uppercilina are reported.

Age

The Formation on the basis of above mentioned Foraminifers is assigned Upper Paleocene age.

Hazara Basin Day 3

Observed Structures and Formations

Slates of Hazara Formation

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Plumohos Structure

Assymetrical Fold in Hazara Slate

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Hearybone Sructure in Hazara Slate

Quartz viens in Hazara Slate

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Slum Structure(Polished Surface)

Contact b/w Chichali Shale and Samana Suk Fm.

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Kawagarh Fm.

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Algal Limestone

Cleavage in Hazara Formation

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Isocline overturned or Z-Shaped Fold in Lumshiwal Fm.

Hazara Thrust

Nathia Gali Thrust(NGT)

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Hungu Sandstone

Day 3 hazara basin

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