Day 21Day 21

Web SearchingWeb Searching

The Vast InternetThe Vast Internet

Billions of pages Billions of pages

Triples about every two yearsTriples about every two years

How the web is indexedHow the web is indexed

Search EnginesSearch Engines– Single-Threaded (Spider-based)Single-Threaded (Spider-based)– Multi-threaded (Meta) Search EnginesMulti-threaded (Meta) Search Engines

Subject IndexesSubject Indexes

Characteristics of All Web Characteristics of All Web IndexesIndexes

Limited Samples Limited Samples – No central, all-inclusive indexNo central, all-inclusive index

SnapshotsSnapshots– never completely currentnever completely current

All indexes miss some contentAll indexes miss some content

You need powerful search You need powerful search strategies strategies

Varying SamplesVarying Samples

Search EngineSearch EngineShowdown Showdown

Estimate Estimate (millions)(millions)

Claim Claim (millions)(millions)

GoogleGoogle 3,0333,033 3,0833,083

AlltheWebAlltheWeb 2,1062,106 2,1122,112

AltaVistaAltaVista 1,6891,689 1,0001,000

WiseNutWiseNut 1,4531,453 1,5001,500

HotbotHotbot 1,1471,147 3,0003,000

MSN Search MSN Search 1,0181,018 3,0003,000

TeomaTeoma 1,0151,015 500500

NLResearchNLResearch 733733 125125

GigablastGigablast 275275 150150

Unique Results Unique Results

Single-Thread Search EnginesSingle-Thread Search Engines

Powerful Searching FeaturesPowerful Searching Features– + (Match All Terms)+ (Match All Terms)– Match Any TermMatch Any Term– - (exclusion)- (exclusion)– ““Phrases”Phrases”– Title SearchTitle Search– URL SearchURL Search– Domain Search Domain Search

Multi-threaded (Meta) Search Multi-threaded (Meta) Search EnginesEngines

Sample Multiple Other Databases in one Sample Multiple Other Databases in one interfaceinterface

Broader sample than single-threadBroader sample than single-thread– Can chose which other single-thread to Can chose which other single-thread to

sample.sample.

Less options for specific search controlLess options for specific search control– Can’t do URL, Title, and exclusion SearchesCan’t do URL, Title, and exclusion Searches

ExamplesExamples

Metacrawler Metacrawler (http://www.metacrawler.com)(http://www.metacrawler.com)

Ixquick (http://www.ixquick.com)Ixquick (http://www.ixquick.com)

SurfWax  SurfWax  (http://www.surfwax.com(http://www.surfwax.com

Dogpile (http://www.dogpile.com)Dogpile (http://www.dogpile.com)

ProFusion ProFusion (http://www.profusion.com)(http://www.profusion.com)

Subject Directories (general Subject Directories (general e.g., yahoo)e.g., yahoo)

Substantial Substantial Sites Organized in Sites Organized in CategoriesCategories (by humans) (by humans)

Good for searching for general topicsGood for searching for general topics

Yahoo is largestYahoo is largest on the Web on the Web– over 1 million sites listed in their subject over 1 million sites listed in their subject

directorydirectory

Looksmart is another subject directory Looksmart is another subject directory used by MSNused by MSN

Subject Directory / Crawler-Based Search Subject Directory / Crawler-Based Search Engine CombinationEngine Combination

It is becoming more popular to link subject It is becoming more popular to link subject directories with crawler-based search enginesdirectories with crawler-based search enginesThese look first within subject directory and if These look first within subject directory and if that fails, they look within a crawler-based index:that fails, they look within a crawler-based index:– E.g.1, Yahoo’s extensive subject directory is seached. E.g.1, Yahoo’s extensive subject directory is seached.

Yahoo then calls Google’s crawler based engineYahoo then calls Google’s crawler based engine– E.g.2, MSN used the Looksmart subject directory then E.g.2, MSN used the Looksmart subject directory then

calls on Inktomi’s crawler based engine.calls on Inktomi’s crawler based engine.

Data Collection HighwayData Collection Highway

% of Web Users Using Specific Search % of Web Users Using Specific Search Engines Each MonthEngines Each Month

US Digital Media Universe Audience ReachHome & Work Users, January 2003

Day 22Day 22

Network TechnologyNetwork Technology

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the fundamentals of data Understand the fundamentals of data communications and the criteria for communications and the criteria for choosing a communications mediumchoosing a communications medium

Explain how networking media, devices, Explain how networking media, devices, and software work together to provide data and software work together to provide data networking services networking services

Fundamentals of Fundamentals of TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

CommunicationsCommunications

– Transmission of a signal by way of a mediumTransmission of a signal by way of a medium

Signal Signal

– Contains message comprised of data and Contains message comprised of data and informationinformation

Communication medium Communication medium

– Anything that carries a signal between a sender Anything that carries a signal between a sender and a receiverand a receiver

Characteristics of Characteristics of TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

Analog signalAnalog signal

– Continuously changes over timeContinuously changes over time

Digital signalDigital signal

– At any given time is either high or lowAt any given time is either high or low

Signal frequencySignal frequency

– Speed at which signal can change from high to low Speed at which signal can change from high to low

Transmission CapacitiesTransmission Capacities

BandwidthBandwidth

– Range of signal frequencies that can be sent Range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same timeover a given medium at the same time

Broadband mediaBroadband media

– Significantly faster than narrowbandSignificantly faster than narrowband

– Any media faster than 200 Kbps (kilobits per Any media faster than 200 Kbps (kilobits per second) or 2 Mbps (megabits per second)second) or 2 Mbps (megabits per second)

NarrowbandNarrowband

– Anything below 200 KbsAnything below 200 Kbs

Networking MediaNetworking Media

Twisted-pair cable Twisted-pair cable – Cable consisting of pairs of twisted wiresCable consisting of pairs of twisted wires

RepeatersRepeaters– Used to boost signal so that it can travel longer distancesUsed to boost signal so that it can travel longer distances

Coaxial cableCoaxial cable– Inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation, a Inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation, a

conductive shield, and a coverconductive shield, and a cover Fiber-optic cableFiber-optic cable– Thousands of thin strands of glass or plastic bound Thousands of thin strands of glass or plastic bound

together in a sheathing together in a sheathing

Networking Media (Continued)Networking Media (Continued)

Microwave transmissionMicrowave transmission

– High-frequency radio signal that is sent through High-frequency radio signal that is sent through the airthe air

Communications satelliteCommunications satellite

– A microwave station placed in outer spaceA microwave station placed in outer space

Global positioning system (GPS) Global positioning system (GPS)

– Uses satellites to pinpoint the location of objects Uses satellites to pinpoint the location of objects on earthon earth

Networking Media (Continued)Networking Media (Continued)

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) – Wireless networking devices that use the 802.11 Wireless networking devices that use the 802.11

protocolprotocol

– Uses wireless access pointsUses wireless access points

BluetoothBluetooth– Enables digital devices to communicate wirelessly over Enables digital devices to communicate wirelessly over

short distancesshort distances

– Communicates at speeds of up to 1 Mbps within a range Communicates at speeds of up to 1 Mbps within a range of up to 33 ftof up to 33 ft

Infrared transmissionInfrared transmission– Sending signals through the air via light waveSending signals through the air via light wave

Networking DevicesNetworking Devices

ModemsModems– Modulates and demodulates signals Modulates and demodulates signals – Cable modemCable modem

Provides Internet access over a cable television Provides Internet access over a cable television networknetwork

– DSL modem DSL modem Connects digital devices using a digital signal Connects digital devices using a digital signal over telephone service (POTS) linesover telephone service (POTS) lines

Network adapterNetwork adapter– Computer circuit board, PC Card, or USB Computer circuit board, PC Card, or USB

devicedevice

Network Control DevicesNetwork Control Devices

HubsHubs– Used as a central point for connecting a series of Used as a central point for connecting a series of

computerscomputers

SwitchesSwitches– Fundamental part of most networksFundamental part of most networks

RepeatersRepeaters– Connect multiple network segmentsConnect multiple network segments

BridgesBridges– Connect two or more network segmentsConnect two or more network segments

Network Control Devices Network Control Devices (Continued)(Continued)

Gateway Gateway – A network point that acts as an entrance to A network point that acts as an entrance to

another networkanother networkRouters Routers – Can divide a single network into two logically Can divide a single network into two logically

separate networksseparate networksWireless access pointWireless access point– Receives and transmits data to wireless adaptersReceives and transmits data to wireless adapters

Firewall Firewall – Device or software that filters the information Device or software that filters the information

coming onto a networkcoming onto a network

Radio Frequency Identification Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Devices(RFID) Devices

Tiny microprocessor combined with an antennaTiny microprocessor combined with an antenna

Tracks merchandise from supplier to retailer to Tracks merchandise from supplier to retailer to customercustomer

Note: there are a lot of good questions that Note: there are a lot of good questions that can be reviewed on the posted lecture can be reviewed on the posted lecture materials--Hollywood Squaresmaterials--Hollywood Squares

Day 23Day 23

LANsLANs

How to create a LANHow to create a LAN

I.I. Connect the hardware togetherConnect the hardware together

II.II. Install software and “protocols”Install software and “protocols”

III. Install “services”III. Install “services”

IV. IV. Set up files to share between Set up files to share between computerscomputers

I. Hardware to connectI. Hardware to connect

Computers with NIC cards in themComputers with NIC cards in them– Now the NIC is often on the motherboardNow the NIC is often on the motherboard

CablesCables

Hub or SwitchHub or Switch– What could the downside of using a hub be?What could the downside of using a hub be?– Which is faster a switch or a hub?Which is faster a switch or a hub?– Which is more secure a switch or a hub?Which is more secure a switch or a hub?

Router Router – Usually your gateway to your ISP and the InternetUsually your gateway to your ISP and the Internet

II. INSTALL SOFTWARE & II. INSTALL SOFTWARE & PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

Suitable operating system software for networks such asSuitable operating system software for networks such as– Windows XP (workstation)Windows XP (workstation)– Server (Windows 2003 Server)Server (Windows 2003 Server)– NOS (Windows 2003 Enterprise) Protocol is the common data NOS (Windows 2003 Enterprise) Protocol is the common data

communication language between computers.communication language between computers.

Protocol determines the following:Protocol determines the following:– the type of error checking to be used the type of error checking to be used – data compression method, if any data compression method, if any – how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending

a message a message – how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a

message message

KEY PROTOCOLSKEY PROTOCOLS

NETBEUINETBEUI– NetBEUI stands for NetBIOS enhanced user interface. In NetBEUI stands for NetBIOS enhanced user interface. In

turn, NetBIOS stands for network basic input/output system. turn, NetBIOS stands for network basic input/output system. This is an This is an unroutableunroutable network protocol used by DOS, network protocol used by DOS, Microsoft Windows and OS/2-based systems to Microsoft Windows and OS/2-based systems to communicate with locally-attached file servers.communicate with locally-attached file servers.

– DOES NOT require special configurationDOES NOT require special configuration

TCP/IPTCP/IP– TCP/IP is the primary Internet protocolTCP/IP is the primary Internet protocol– TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks.

Whereas the IP protocol deals only with digital data packets, Whereas the IP protocol deals only with digital data packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent. same order in which they were sent.

– DOES require some configurationDOES require some configuration

III. INSTALL SERVICESIII. INSTALL SERVICES(FUNCTIONALITY)(FUNCTIONALITY)

For example: file and print sharing, FTP, For example: file and print sharing, FTP, Web, etc.Web, etc.

IV. Set up what you want to IV. Set up what you want to shareshare

WORKGROUPSWORKGROUPS

RESOURCES TO SHARERESOURCES TO SHARE– SELECT A FOLDERSELECT A FOLDER

ACCESS LEVEL (PERMISSIONS)ACCESS LEVEL (PERMISSIONS)– FULL ACCESSFULL ACCESS– CHANGESCHANGES– READ ONLYREAD ONLY

Networking ActivitiesNetworking Activities

#1 Crossover Cable#1 Crossover CableThe most simple connectionThe most simple connection

– For transferring data from one machine to another For transferring data from one machine to another when not on a LAN (perhaps an old hard drive to a when not on a LAN (perhaps an old hard drive to a new one)new one)

– Playing games without a hub (outside or in a car)Playing games without a hub (outside or in a car)

Pin # Signal Straight Crossed-Over Side1 Send + White w. Orange White w. Green2 Send - Orange Green3 Receive + White w. Green White w. Orange4 idle Blue Blue5 idle White w. Blue White w. Blue6 Receive - Green Orange7 idle White w. Brown White w. Brown8 idle Brown Brown

Note: “White w. Orange” means White with Orange Stripe More on cables

#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable InstructionsI. HardwareI. Hardware

– Plug crossover cable into NICs of both machinesPlug crossover cable into NICs of both machines

II. Software and Protocols (assuming XP)II. Software and Protocols (assuming XP)– On each machine configure TCP/IPOn each machine configure TCP/IP

StartStartControl PanelControl PanelNetwork ConnectionsNetwork Connections– Or right click on “My Network Places” and select propertiesOr right click on “My Network Places” and select properties

Right clink on “Local Area Connection” and select propertiesRight clink on “Local Area Connection” and select properties

Make sure your NIC card is showingMake sure your NIC card is showing

Select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” or install if necessarySelect “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” or install if necessary

Click on Properties Click on Properties [Note: discuss briefly getting IP address automatically [Note: discuss briefly getting IP address automatically from a DHCP server]from a DHCP server]

Select “Use the following IP address” and type in the followingSelect “Use the following IP address” and type in the following– IP Address: 10.1.1.1 for one machine and 10.1.1.2 for the otherIP Address: 10.1.1.1 for one machine and 10.1.1.2 for the other– Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 for both machinesSubnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 for both machines– Click “OK” (gateway is not needed as we have no Internet connection)Click “OK” (gateway is not needed as we have no Internet connection)

#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable Instructions

III. ServicesIII. Services– File and Printer File and Printer SharingSharing for Microsoft for Microsoft

NetworksNetworks is installed by default on XP. is installed by default on XP. – Get in the Get in the same workgroupsame workgroup

Right-click on Right-click on My ComputerMy Computer and select and select properties. properties. Select the Select the ComputerComputer NameName tab. tab. Left-click on the Left-click on the propertiesproperties button. button.

Make sure the workgroup names are identical. Make sure the workgroup names are identical. Use Use ChangeChange button toward the bottom of the button toward the bottom of the current window if necessary.current window if necessary.

IV. Files to shareIV. Files to share– Right-click on a folder you wish to share. Then Right-click on a folder you wish to share. Then

left-click on the left-click on the SharingSharing andand SecuritySecurity selection. selection.– Check the Check the “Share this file on the network” “Share this file on the network”

box.box.– Click the Click the ApplyApply button and then the button and then the OKOK button button

when you have finished the information. A hand when you have finished the information. A hand should appear under the file or folder indicating should appear under the file or folder indicating that it has share-level access.that it has share-level access.

Go to “My Network Places” and enjoy your Go to “My Network Places” and enjoy your workgroup resources!workgroup resources!

#1 Crossover Cable Instructions#1 Crossover Cable Instructions

#2 Hub or Switch#2 Hub or Switch

Exactly the same as #1, except regular Exactly the same as #1, except regular straight-through cables are plugged straight-through cables are plugged between the NIC cards and the hub or between the NIC cards and the hub or switch.switch.

Networks for Your HomeNetworks for Your Home

Wired option – install a router and CAT5 Wired option – install a router and CAT5 Twisted-pair cable through your houseTwisted-pair cable through your house

““No-New-Wires” for a home network No-New-Wires” for a home network – Wireless (Wi-Fi) – Wireless router and PC Wireless (Wi-Fi) – Wireless router and PC

Cards Cards Set secure login and encrypt transmissions!Set secure login and encrypt transmissions!

– HomePlug – House AC electrical wiresHomePlug – House AC electrical wires– HomePNA – House phone wiresHomePNA – House phone wires

Networks for Your HomeNetworks for Your Home

Wi-Fi HomePlug HomePNA

Speed (mbps) 11 14 10

PC Card $70-$110 n/a $50-$60

USB Adapter $70-$145 $150-$180 $55-$60

Router/ Access Point

$135-$150 $80-$130 $150-$180

#3 Add a HomePlug #3 Add a HomePlug ConnectionConnection

– Plug HomePlug adapter into electrical outlets. Plug HomePlug adapter into electrical outlets. no power box or strip can be in betweenno power box or strip can be in between

– Plug straight through cables into adapter box.Plug straight through cables into adapter box.

– Watch for blinking lights indicating there is a Watch for blinking lights indicating there is a connection.connection.

Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

Range 100 – 500 ft.Range 100 – 500 ft.– Can be limited by Can be limited by

walls, metal, peoplewalls, metal, people

Throughput 1 – 11 Throughput 1 – 11 Mbps.Mbps.BenefitsBenefits– User mobility User mobility – Installation speed & Installation speed &

flexibilityflexibility– ScalabilityScalability

Your GatewayYour Gateway

The gateway connecting your home LAN The gateway connecting your home LAN to the Internet is normally done through ato the Internet is normally done through a– dial-up modemdial-up modem– DSL router/modemDSL router/modem– Cable router/modemCable router/modem

#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

Remote desktop allows you to work on a Remote desktop allows you to work on a computer and view the screen as though computer and view the screen as though you are sitting right there even though you you are sitting right there even though you may be half a world away (like China)!may be half a world away (like China)!

#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

Set your computer to allow remote access.Set your computer to allow remote access.– Right click on “My Computer” and select propertiesRight click on “My Computer” and select properties– Click on the “Remote” tab and check “Allow others to Click on the “Remote” tab and check “Allow others to

connect remotely to this computer”connect remotely to this computer”– Note: you must have an administrator account unless Note: you must have an administrator account unless

you specifically “Select Remote Users”you specifically “Select Remote Users”– Click “OK”Click “OK”– Note: You must have a static IP address or know what Note: You must have a static IP address or know what

the current IP address is for this machinethe current IP address is for this machine

Connect remotely to the machineConnect remotely to the machine– Start Start All ProgramsAll Programs Accessories Accessories

CommunicationsCommunications Remote Desktop Connection Remote Desktop Connection

#4 Remote Desktop#4 Remote Desktop

You may also You may also – Print remotely or to your localPrint remotely or to your local printerprinter– Copy and past files between your remote desktop Copy and past files between your remote desktop

and your local machine and your local machine

Directions: when connecting click “Options>>”Directions: when connecting click “Options>>”– On the “Local “Resources” tab check “disk drives” On the “Local “Resources” tab check “disk drives”

and “printers”and “printers”– Then “Connect”Then “Connect”

#5 Testing Connectivity#5 Testing Connectivity

PingPing

Tracert (trace route)Tracert (trace route)

IPCONFIG (to get your IP address)IPCONFIG (to get your IP address)

Demo with Internet connection

#7 Visual Traces #7 Visual Traces

Visually traceVisually trace– How many hops to favorite URLsHow many hops to favorite URLs– Where fraudulant junkmail is coming from and Where fraudulant junkmail is coming from and

report itreport it– Who owns a particular IP addressWho owns a particular IP address

Some free trial products includeSome free trial products include– VisualRouteVisualRoute– Visual Visual WhoIsWhoIs– Aet_TracerAet_Tracer

#8 Voice over IP #8 Voice over IP

Talk to family and friends across the Talk to family and friends across the country or across the world country or across the world freefree..– They must also have a computer running the They must also have a computer running the

same VoIP programsame VoIP program

Possible free software includes SkypePossible free software includes Skype– Download it at Download it at http://http://

www.skype.com/helloagain.htmlwww.skype.com/helloagain.html

Day 24Day 24

Web CommerceWeb Commerce

ObjectivesObjectivesDefine e-commerce and understand its role as a Define e-commerce and understand its role as a transaction processing systemtransaction processing system

Define the three types of e-commerce and mobile Define the three types of e-commerce and mobile commerce, listing the benefits and challenges commerce, listing the benefits and challenges associated with eachassociated with each

Discuss several examples of how e-commerce Discuss several examples of how e-commerce and mobile commerce are being used to provide and mobile commerce are being used to provide servicesservices

List the components of an e-commerce system List the components of an e-commerce system and explain how they function together to provide and explain how they function together to provide e-commerce servicese-commerce services

Types of E-commerceTypes of E-commerce

Business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C)Business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C)

– Connects individual consumers with sellersConnects individual consumers with sellers

Business-to-business e-commerce (B2B)Business-to-business e-commerce (B2B)

– Supports business transactions across private Supports business transactions across private networks, the Internet, and the Webnetworks, the Internet, and the Web

Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)

– Connects individual sellers with people shopping Connects individual sellers with people shopping for used itemsfor used items

M-commerce TechnologyM-commerce Technology

Mobile commerce (m-commerce)Mobile commerce (m-commerce)

– E-commerce that takes place over wireless E-commerce that takes place over wireless mobile devices mobile devices

Technologies and standardsTechnologies and standards

– Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

– Wireless Markup Language (WML)Wireless Markup Language (WML)

– BluetoothBluetooth

Benefits and Challenges of E-Benefits and Challenges of E-commercecommerce

Buyers enjoy the convenience of shopping from Buyers enjoy the convenience of shopping from their desktoptheir desktop

B2C e-commerce B2C e-commerce – Levels the playing field between large and small Levels the playing field between large and small

businessesbusinesses

ChallengesChallenges– Established businesses must alter systems and Established businesses must alter systems and

business practices business practices – Social concernsSocial concerns

E-Commerce ApplicationsE-Commerce Applications

E-tailing provides customers with E-tailing provides customers with

– Product information Product information

– The ability to comparison shopThe ability to comparison shop

E-tailing optionsE-tailing options

– Set up an electronic storefrontSet up an electronic storefront

– Lease space in a cybermallLease space in a cybermall

Online Clearing Houses, Web Online Clearing Houses, Web Auctions, and MarketplacesAuctions, and Marketplaces

Provide a platform for businesses and Provide a platform for businesses and individuals to sell their products and belongingsindividuals to sell their products and belongings

Online clearinghousesOnline clearinghouses

– Manufacturers can liquidate stock Manufacturers can liquidate stock

– Consumers can find a good dealConsumers can find a good deal

Online Clearing Houses, Web Online Clearing Houses, Web Auctions, and Marketplaces Auctions, and Marketplaces

(Continued)(Continued)

Most popular auction/marketplaceMost popular auction/marketplace

– eBay.comeBay.com

Auction housesAuction houses

– Do not accept liability for problems that buyers Do not accept liability for problems that buyers or sellers may experienceor sellers may experience

E-Commerce ImplementationE-Commerce Implementation

Implementing e-commerceImplementing e-commerce

– Requires expertise Requires expertise

– May require large investmentMay require large investment

E-commerce hostE-commerce host

– Business that takes responsibility for setting Business that takes responsibility for setting up and maintaining an e-commerce system up and maintaining an e-commerce system

InfrastructureInfrastructureE-commerceE-commerce

– Requires significant infrastructure changesRequires significant infrastructure changes

Changes may be required inChanges may be required in

– Personnel, manufacturing processes, storage, Personnel, manufacturing processes, storage, shipping, information systems, etc.shipping, information systems, etc.

Organizations expanding to the Web Organizations expanding to the Web

– All areas of business are affectedAll areas of business are affected

Manufacturing, finance, sales, customer service Manufacturing, finance, sales, customer service

SoftwareSoftwareWeb Server SoftwareWeb Server Software

– Responds to requests for Web pagesResponds to requests for Web pages

Web Server Utility ProgramsWeb Server Utility Programs

– Provide statistical information about server usage Provide statistical information about server usage and Web site traffic patterns (i.e. Omniture)and Web site traffic patterns (i.e. Omniture)

E-commerce SoftwareE-commerce Software

– Supports e-commerce activitiesSupports e-commerce activities

– Includes catalog management, electronic shopping Includes catalog management, electronic shopping cart, and payment softwarecart, and payment software

Building TrafficBuilding TrafficThe 3Cs ApproachThe 3Cs Approach

– Content, community, and commerceContent, community, and commerce

Keywords and Search EnginesKeywords and Search Engines

– Choose name and product names that best describe Choose name and product names that best describe business purpose and featuresbusiness purpose and features

– Select descriptive domain namesSelect descriptive domain names

– Business-related keywords can be listed in the Business-related keywords can be listed in the HTML meta tagHTML meta tag

Building Traffic (Continued)Building Traffic (Continued)

PartnershipsPartnerships

– Online e-tailers often form partnerships and Online e-tailers often form partnerships and advertise each other’s Web sitesadvertise each other’s Web sites

MarketingMarketing

– Online advertising methods include banner ads, Online advertising methods include banner ads, pop-up ads, and e-mailpop-up ads, and e-mail

– Offline advertising methods include magazines, Offline advertising methods include magazines, newspapers, radio, and televisionnewspapers, radio, and television

Electronic Payment SystemsElectronic Payment Systems

Electronic cash (e-cash or digital cash) Electronic cash (e-cash or digital cash)

– Provides a private and secure method of transferring Provides a private and secure method of transferring funds funds

– PayPalPayPal

Best-known e-cash providerBest-known e-cash provider

E-cash benefitsE-cash benefits

– Privacy - hides account information from vendorsPrivacy - hides account information from vendors

– Convenient if seller cannot process a credit card Convenient if seller cannot process a credit card

Electronic Payment Systems Electronic Payment Systems (Continued)(Continued)

Electronic wallet, or e-walletElectronic wallet, or e-wallet

– Encrypts and stores credit-card information, e-Encrypts and stores credit-card information, e-cash information, etc., securely on your computercash information, etc., securely on your computer

SmartcardsSmartcards

– Credit cards with embedded microchipsCredit cards with embedded microchips

E-commerce Security IssuesE-commerce Security Issues

Digital certificateDigital certificate

– A type of electronic business cardA type of electronic business card

– Attached to Internet transaction dataAttached to Internet transaction data

– Verifies the sender of the dataVerifies the sender of the data

– Provided by certification authoritiesProvided by certification authorities

– Encryption Encryption

Uses high-level mathematical functions and Uses high-level mathematical functions and computer algorithms to encode data computer algorithms to encode data

E-commerce Security Issues E-commerce Security Issues (Continued)(Continued)

Digital certificates combined with Secure Digital certificates combined with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technologySockets Layer (SSL) technology

– Allow for encrypted communications to occurAllow for encrypted communications to occur

SpoofingSpoofing

– Used to impersonate others on the InternetUsed to impersonate others on the Internet

E-commerce Security Issues E-commerce Security Issues (Continued)(Continued)

Denial of Service AttacksDenial of Service Attacks

– Use many computers to request Web pages Use many computers to request Web pages from the same Web server, at the same timefrom the same Web server, at the same time

– Zombie computersZombie computers

Computers that are either hacked into or under Computers that are either hacked into or under the influence of a virus or wormthe influence of a virus or worm

Business Resumption PlanningBusiness Resumption Planning

Takes into accountTakes into account

– Every conceivable disaster that could Every conceivable disaster that could negatively impact the systemnegatively impact the system

Goal Goal

– To protect data and keep key systems To protect data and keep key systems operational until order is resumedoperational until order is resumed

What’s New in E-Commerce?What’s New in E-Commerce?

Phishing Threatens the Phishing Threatens the Future of E-commerceFuture of E-commerce

– Phishing scams involve Phishing scams involve hackers that use e-mail hackers that use e-mail and Web sites to and Web sites to impersonate an impersonate an authentic business in an authentic business in an effort to get effort to get unsuspecting customers unsuspecting customers to type in personal and to type in personal and private information.private information.

SummarySummaryE-commerce E-commerce – Systems that support electronically executed Systems that support electronically executed

transactions transactions

Transaction processing system (TPS)Transaction processing system (TPS)– Supports and records transactionsSupports and records transactions

Three main types of e-commerce Three main types of e-commerce – Business-to-consumer (B2C)Business-to-consumer (B2C)– Business-to-business (B2B)Business-to-business (B2B)– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

Mobile commerce, or m-commerceMobile commerce, or m-commerce– Takes place over wireless mobile devices Takes place over wireless mobile devices

Summary (Continued)Summary (Continued)Retail Web sitesRetail Web sites

– Allow consumers to comparison shopAllow consumers to comparison shop

E-commerce E-commerce

– Makes market research easier and less intrusiveMakes market research easier and less intrusive

– Requires investment in networking, hardware, and a Requires investment in networking, hardware, and a wide variety of softwarewide variety of software

– Requires changes in infrastructureRequires changes in infrastructure

Hardware and networking services for e-commerce Hardware and networking services for e-commerce

– Must be robust and trustworthy Must be robust and trustworthy

Day 25Day 25

FlowchartingFlowcharting

Why Do Flowcharting?Why Do Flowcharting?

Economically expresses process logic Economically expresses process logic “A picture is worth a thousand words.”“A picture is worth a thousand words.”

Independent of implementationIndependent of implementation– Physical or logical processesPhysical or logical processes– Supports any programming environmentSupports any programming environment

Works well for technical and non-technical Works well for technical and non-technical people.people.

Where does Flowcharting Fit in Where does Flowcharting Fit in Systems Development?Systems Development?

During Analysis to document current During Analysis to document current process logic.process logic.

During Design to communicate During Design to communicate specified process logic to the specified process logic to the implementation/construction staff.implementation/construction staff.

During Implementation to document During Implementation to document procedures and processes.procedures and processes.

Consider Some ExamplesConsider Some Examples

Problem 1Problem 1Dave Smarsh wants to find out how much money he will Dave Smarsh wants to find out how much money he will have in his savings account after a certain number of have in his savings account after a certain number of years (the balance). years (the balance). He knows:He knows:– The amount he will depositThe amount he will deposit– the interest rate he will receivethe interest rate he will receive– the number of years he will be save his money the number of years he will be save his money

Assumption: interest is compoundingAssumption: interest is compounding

Develop a flowchart to calculate and print the balance in Develop a flowchart to calculate and print the balance in a savings account.a savings account.

Think Like A Computer:Think Like A Computer:Outline the ProcessOutline the Process

First:First:– Input the DataInput the Data

Second:Second:– Perform the Algorithm Perform the Algorithm

(Logic and Calculations)(Logic and Calculations)

Third:Third:– Output the ResultsOutput the Results

Understand the “Algorithm” Understand the “Algorithm” (Logic and Calculations)(Logic and Calculations)

After one year the balance is:After one year the balance is:– Balance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100)Balance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100)

After the second year:After the second year:– New Balance = Old Balance * (1+Rate/100)New Balance = Old Balance * (1+Rate/100)– New Balance = Deposit * (1+Rate/100)^2New Balance = Deposit * (1+Rate/100)^2

After year n:After year n:– Balance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100) ^ nBalance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100) ^ n

Order (Precedence) of Math Order (Precedence) of Math OperationsOperations

Programs use algebra rules Programs use algebra rules

Avoids unnecessary characters in Avoids unnecessary characters in formulasformulas

Complex formulas can be on one lineComplex formulas can be on one line

(20*12)3

Z = 15

Z = (20*12)^3/15

Order OperationsOrder Operations

Do Everything within parentheses first.Do Everything within parentheses first.

““Inner” parentheses takes precedence over Inner” parentheses takes precedence over outer parenthesesouter parentheses

The power operator (^) takes precedence over The power operator (^) takes precedence over multiply (*) & divide (/).multiply (*) & divide (/).

Multiply (*) & divide (/) take precedence over Multiply (*) & divide (/) take precedence over addition (+) and subtraction (-).addition (+) and subtraction (-).

Consider the formula:Consider the formula:– Balance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100) ^ nBalance = Deposit * (1 + Rate/100) ^ n

Flowchart SymbolsFlowchart Symbols

Start/EndStart/End

Input/OutputInput/Output

Process/ComputationProcess/Computation

DecisionDecision

ConnectorConnector

Logic FlowLogic Flow

Problem 1Problem 1

Dave Smarsh wants find out how much money Dave Smarsh wants find out how much money he will have in his savings account after a certain he will have in his savings account after a certain number of years (the balance). He knows how number of years (the balance). He knows how much he is going to deposit, the interest rate that much he is going to deposit, the interest rate that he will receive, and the number of years that he he will receive, and the number of years that he will be saving his money. (Assume that the will be saving his money. (Assume that the interest is compounding).interest is compounding).

Develop a flowchart to calculate and print the Develop a flowchart to calculate and print the balance in a savings account.balance in a savings account.

START

INPUTDeposit, Rate,

No.Years

PRINTDeposit,

Rate,No.Years,Balance

BALANCE =Deposit * (1 + Rate/100) ^ No.Years

#1 Solution

FINISH

This Program Control Structureis called:

“SEQUENTIAL”

Problem 2Problem 2

Captain Beefnut, the proud owner of Beefnut Captain Beefnut, the proud owner of Beefnut Doughnut Shop, needs a program that will Doughnut Shop, needs a program that will calculate and print bills for his customers. calculate and print bills for his customers.

His usual price for doughnuts is 60 cents each, His usual price for doughnuts is 60 cents each, but in order to increase sales he has reduced but in order to increase sales he has reduced the price to 40 cents each if a customer buys 12 the price to 40 cents each if a customer buys 12 or more.or more.

Develop this in a flowchart form.Develop this in a flowchart form.

#2 Solution

This Program Control Structureis called:

“SELECTIONor Decision”

Start

PRINTHeading

NOD <12 Bill = .40 * NOD

Finish

NoYes

INPUTNOD

Bill = .60 * NOD

PRINTNOD, Bill

Variable ListNOD = # of DoughnutsBill = Amount to charge

Consider an ExtensionConsider an Extension

Suppose Captain Beefnut wanted his Suppose Captain Beefnut wanted his program to repeat the algorithm if there program to repeat the algorithm if there was another customer bill to calculate. was another customer bill to calculate. Add a loop which will accomplish this Add a loop which will accomplish this change.change.

#2 with loop

This ProgramControl Structureis called:

“LOOPING” or“ITERATION” or “REPETITION”

Start

PRINTHeading

NOD <12 Bill = .40 * NOD

Finish

NoYes

INPUTNOD

Bill = .60 * NOD

PRINTNOD, Bill,

“More Customers?”

INPUTMoreC

MoreC = Y?Yes

No

Variable ListNOD = # of DoughnutsBill = Amount to chargeMoreC = More customers

Day 26Day 26

ProgrammingProgramming