Day 18
65
Day 18 Block 2
description
Day 18. Block 2. World History 2 Period 3. The End of World War Two. Defeat of the Axis, 1943-45. Stalingrad and Kursk: Russia 1943. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Day 18
Day 18
Block 2
World History 2 Period 3
The End of World War Two
Defeat of the Axis, 1943-45
Stalingrad and Kursk: Russia 1943
1943 was the beginning of the end for the Axis. Germany had just suffered its worst-ever defeat at Stalingrad, and for the
first time was on the defensive in Russia. The fighting culminated in a gigantic tank battle that summer in Kursk. Meanwhile, on the home front, the British were inflicting
terrible damage on German industrial cities such as Hamburg.
Feb 2: German surrender at StalingradJuly 5: Massive tank battle at KurskJuly 27: Huge bombing raid on HamburgNov 6: Russians recapture Kiev
The Second Front: Italy 1943After winning the Battle of El Alamein the previous October,
the Allies pushed on into Libya and Tunisia. By the middle of the year, the Ally troops were able to launch an invasion of Italy. The fighting was difficult, but the opening of a second
front relieved some of the pressure on the Soviets.
May 13: Afrika Corps surrenders in North AfricaJuly 10: Allies land in SicilyJuly 26: Fascist government falls; Mussolini arrestedSept 8: Italy surrendersSept 11: Germany occupies northern ItalySept 12: Mussolini rescued by German commandos; forms a puppet government
‘D’ Day and the Liberation of France: 1944
By 1944, the Axis was clearly losing the war. For the knockout blow, the Allies launched the invasion of France known as ‘D-Day’. This landing of
several hundred thousand Allies troops drew German strength away from the Eastern Front, enabling the Russians to rapidly advance. It also
enabled the liberation of France after four years of Nazi occupation.
June 6: D-Day landings at NormandyJune 13: First V-1 rocket attack on BritainJune 24: Assassination attempt on HitlerAug 25: Paris liberatedSept: Belgium liberatedNov: Allies reach German border
Russian Offensives 1944The Russian steamroller advanced with increasing speed in 1944,
pushing the Nazis from Russian territory, and advancing almost to the German border. 1.2 million Red Army soldiers took part in Operation
Bagration.
Jan 6: Soviets enter PolandJan 27: Leningrad siege lifted after 900 days
Jun 9: Soviets advance into FinlandJune 22: Operation Bagration – the Russian summer offensive
July 24: First concentration camp liberatedAug 19: Soviets advance into Romania
Sept: Baltic states liberatedDec 27: Siege of Budapest
Battle of the Bulge 1944Staring defeat in the face, the Germans mustered all of
their remaining strength for one last offensive. The Ardennes Offensive, known as the Battle of the Bulge,
lasted around a month, and saw fierce fighting between American and German troops. The offensive failed and left the way clear for the Allies to march into western
Germany.
Dec 16: Ardennes Offensive beginsDec 26: Allies begin counterattackJan 25: Official end of the battle
Road to Defeat: 1945At the beginning of 1945, Germany was hanging by a thread. Vast numbers of Allied troops surrounded her borders, and unconditional surrender was the only acceptable outcome.
Hitler vowed to fight on, and so German civilians bore the brunt of the tough fighting of early 1945.
Jan 17: Warsaw liberatedJan 26: Auschwitz liberatedFeb 13: Dresden destroyed in firebombingMarch 6: Final German offensive to guard Hungarian oilfieldsApril 1: US troops encircle the RuhrApril 21: Red Army reaches Berlin
Collapse: April/May 1945By April the war was lost. The Soviets fought street by street to
capture Berlin, as Hitler cowered in his bunker. At the end of the month, he killed himself. A week later, his successor, Admiral
Doenitz, signed the surrender. The most destructive war in human history was over.
April 28: Mussolini is captured and hangedApril 30: Hitler commits suicide
May 2: German troops in Italy surrenderMay 7: Unconditional surrender of all German troops
May 8: V-E (Victory in Europe) DayJune 5: Germany is divided between the Allies
Nov 20: Nuremberg War Crimes Trials begin
THE HOLOCAUSTBy: Kim Michal Photo Credits:
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ http://myfdw.com/
Before we begin:
Necessary things:
A very HIGH level of Respect Maturity
Who was Adolf Hitler?
Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889
Hitler was the dictator of Germany
He became dictator in 1933
This is when it all began…http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhitler.htm
Hitler (continued)…“Once I really am in power, my first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews…until all Germany has been completely cleansed of Jews.”
-Adolf Hitler, 1922http://www.shoaheducation.com/endlosung.htmlPhoto Credit: http://www.librarising.com/astrology/celebs/images2/A/adolfhitler.jpg
What was The Holocaust?
Holocaust is literally defined as: “a sacrifice consumed by fire”
But most would define it as: the mass slaughter of European civilians,
especially Jews, by the Nazis during World War II
Lasted from 1933-1945http://library.thinkquest.org/12663/summary/whatframe.html
Photo Credit: http://www.sunderlandclc.org.uk/UserFiles/File/Holocaust.jpg
Who were the victims? Jews Homosexuals Gypsies The Disabled Slavic Peoples Jehovah’s Witnesses
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
Concentration Camps Prisoners were forced to go into concentration
camps Also called labor camps Some camps were called death camps Controlled by the Nazi’s
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/DworkVanPeltBookpicture.jpghttp://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/DworkVanPeltBookpicture.jpghttp://frank.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holocamp.html
Auschwitz
Auschwitz was the largest camp during the Holocaust
Prisoners were forced to give up all belongings
Children were often killed upon arrival Between 1.1 and 1.5 million
prisoners were murdered herehttp://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm
Auschwitz (continued…)
Auschwitz was located near the German-Polish border in Upper Silesia
The sign of the main gate here states “Arbeit Macht Frei”
This translates to “Work Brings Freedom”
http://www.sackstark.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/arbeit_macht_frei.jpeg
http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm
http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205782.pdf
At the camps…
Prisoners were forced to do hard labor Prisoners were starved Forced to obey the Nazi’s, and were
murdered if they disobeyed Prisoners had no control of their own lives Many prisoners died as a result of
incarceration and maltreatment
www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
The pictures you are about to see can be very disturbing.
Please prepare yourself.
The Victims…
http://www.utexas.edu/features/2005/holocaust/graphics/holocaust5.jpg http://blog.beliefnet.com/pontifications/imgs/Eb
ensee%20concentration%20camp%20prisoners%201945.jpg
http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/usa/images-3/holocaust-victims-in-bunks.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Holocaust123.
JPG
http://afeatheradrift.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/holocaust.jpg
http://www.instablogsimages.com/images/2009/08/18/holocaust_mass_grave_belsen_kuiks_19886.jpg
Camp Doctors
Nazi doctors tortured men, women, and children at death camps
Performed experiments on victims Victims were:
put into pressure chambers tested with drugs castrated, frozen to death http://www.shoah.dk/d
octors/
Camp Doctors (continued)…
Children were exposed to : Experimental surgeries without
anesthesia Blood transfusions from one to another Isolation endurance Injections of lethal germs Sex change operations Removal of organs and limbs
http://www.shoah.dk/doctors/
Josef Mengele
Known as Angel of Death Performed experiments on
twins: Carried out twin to twin
transfusions Stitched twins together Castrated or sterilized twins Organ and limb removalhttp://www.shoah.dk/doctors/
http://www.gesch.med.uni-erlangen.de/gewissen/ausstell/zwill/_bild/23_25.jpghttp://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/photo/lc/image/59/5961.jpg
Ways of Genocide
Gas chambers Cremation Starvation Malnutrition Torture Death Marcheshttp://www.scrapbookpages.com/mauthausen/Tour/PhotoTour03.html
http://www.uiowa.edu/policult/assets/postWWII_holocaust/crematorium.jpg
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
Liberation of the Camps Liberation began in 1944 Soviets liberated Auschwitz in 1945 U.S. forces liberated Buchenwald in 1945 Remaining camps were liberated in 1945 “Liberators confronted unspeakable
conditions in the Nazi camps, where piles of corpses lay unburied”
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?ModuleId=10005131
http://scrapbookpages.com/poland/Auschwitz/OldPhotos/AuschwitzLiberation.jpg
The Numbers
11 million prisoners were murdered 6 million victims were Jews Number of European Jews who survived:
3,546,211 Percentages:
Polish Jews killed: 91% German Jews killed: 36% Jews killed in Europe during war: 63%
http://www.jewishmag.co.il/109mag/holocaustnumbers/holocaustnumbers.htm
www.etni.org.il/holocaust/holocaust_numbers.doc
Words from Survivors…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ER1sRYDAYY&feature=channel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJdqDuA9Vp8
Please grab an Ipad
Google: Rescuers those who risked their lives to
save othersClick on the first link
AZ/US History 1 Period 2
Two groups of people had emerged: Federalists - someone who supports a strong centralized government and Anti-Federalists - someone who supports states rights and does not like strong central government
Anti-Federalists thought the "Great Compromise" was not good enough. They wanted more representation. They worried that 1 person could not adequately represent 30,000 people.
The Federalists disagreed.
• Read the Documents and fill out the Graphic Organizer on the back.
• What was Hamilton's position on representation?• What was Smith's position?• What arguments did they make in support of their
claims? • Based on these arguments what type of people would
you guess tended to be Federalist? Anti-Federalists?• If you could have chosen, what side would you have
supported?• Do you see versions of these issues being debated
today?
• Now look at the chart given you and discuss the differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
• Please complete a Venn-Diagram that would display this.
• What actually happened?
• New York Ratified the Constitution by a vote of 30-27 (the narrowest margin of victory of any state that met in 1787-1788).
• The Anti-Federalists lost the battle, but won the war. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution - the bill of rights - were ratified in 1791. These addressed many of the issues that the Anti-Federalists raised in the convention.
Az/US History 2 Period 3
• Read about your new Deal Program and answer the questions on the back.
AZ/US History 2 Period 4
• Read about your new Deal Program and answer the questions on the back.
