Day 127: The Great Depression and the New Deal
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Transcript of Day 127: The Great Depression and the New Deal
Day 127: The Great Depression and the New DealBaltimore Polytechnic Institute
March 19, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History
Mr. Green
Test Friday, Chapters 31-33Decades Chart 1920’s complete by Friday for
a class work grade-you should be completing it while we take notes.
Distribute 1930s Decade Chart
Announcements
Objectives: Students will analyze New Deal legislation by evaluating the
effectiveness of New Deal policies.
AP FocusThe first hundred days of Roosevelt’s presidency witness
a torrent of executive and legislative programs, acts, and policies that attempt to deal with the Great Depression and to reform the economic system, so that the nation will never again experience such a devastating economic collapse.
To jumpstart the economy, Roosevelt institutes an inflationary policy in which deficit spending is used to create jobs. It is hoped that this will reduce the number of people needing government aid and increase consumer spending, further stimulating demand and, consequently, higher employment. Income would be taxed to help defray the cost of federally funded jobs.
The Great Depression and the New Deal
CHAPTER THEMESRoosevelt’s New Deal tackled the
Great Depression with massive federal programs designed to bring about relief, recovery, and reform.
Chapter Focus
Identify significant foreign policy events during Hoover’s administration.
Tariff increases-Hawley Smoot Tariffincrease the price of foreign
Spread out Europe’s debt payment-Young plan
Japan invades Manchuria (province of China) 1931
1932 Japan bombs Shanghai
Warm-up
Election of 1932Republicans-Herbert HooverDemocrats-Franklin D. Roosevelt
Campaign IssuesDemocrats-New Deal, balanced budgets, promise to do somethingRepublicans-American free enterprise, individual initiative
22,809,638 to 15,758,901472-59 Electoral voteHoover carried 6 statesAfrican-Americans switched to the D’sFDR may have deliberately permitted the depression to
worsen
Roosevelt’s Program
The Vanquished and the Victor
Closed the banks from March 6-10Special Session of Congress-1st 100 daysRelief, Recovery, and ReformRubber stamp Congress-legislative authority given to the
PresidentNew Dealers used European modelsEmergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
President has power to regulate banks transactions/foreign exchange/reopen solvent banks
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933split commercial and investment bankingFDIC
Federal Securities ActSEC
1st New Deal
Bank Failures Before and After the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933
Removed the U.S. from the Gold StandardIncreased inflation by buying gold with paper currency
Roosevelt set the price of goldReturned to gold for international trade in Feb 1934JobsCivilian Conservation Corps, TVAFederal Emergency Relief Act-FERA: direct relief to states Agricultural Adjustment Act-unconstitutional 1936Home Owners’ Loan Corporation-shifted people to the
Democratic PartyCWA-leaf raking, “The only thing we have to fear… it
work itself”National Recovery Administration-unconstitutional 1935
1st New Deal Continued
Father Charles Coughlin“Social Justice”
Dr. Francis E. Townsend$200/month for people over 60
Huey Long$5,000/year guaranteed income for everyoneShare Our Wealth program
Anti-New Dealers
Frances Perkins-1st woman cabinet member, Labor Department
Mary McLeod Bethune-African-American, office of Minority Affairs in the NYA
Margaret Mead-anthropologist
New Deal and Minorities
WPA-built roads, public buildings, bridges, and do-nothing jobs
National Labor Relations ActWagner Act
Social Security ActSoil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
Plant soil conserving crops-soybeans2nd AAAFair Labor Standards Act
2nd New Deal 1935-1938
1. How did the early New Deal legislation attempt to achieve the three goals of relief, recovery, and reform?
2. Which of the New Deal’s many programs to reform the economy and alleviate the depression was the most successful, and why? (You may identify and discuss more than one.) Which was least successful, and why?
3. Were direct federal efforts to provide work for the unemployed—such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration—justified either in terms of their immediate benefits to workers or as means of stimulating the economy. Why or why not?
4. Why did the New Deal arouse such opposition from conservatives, including those on the Supreme Court?
Class Discussion
Read Chapter 33Prepare for 5 question reading check on
TuesdayDecades Chart 1930’s
Homework