Day 1 – Types of Solutions & Water and its Properties.
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Transcript of Day 1 – Types of Solutions & Water and its Properties.
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Day 1 – Types of Solutions & Water and its Properties
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Mixtures!Mixture: physical blend of two or more substances (no rxn, just dumped)
Homogeneous mixture: uniform composition
(i) also called a solution (ii) its components are NOT readily
distinguished
Examples: Coca-Cola, HCl (aq), salt water
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Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition (can pick them apart easily)
its components are readily distinguished (which means you CAN see them!).
Examples: trail mix, sand, this class!
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Types of Mixtures: SolutionsA solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
Solute – substance being dissolved (least amount)
Solvent – medium DOING the dissolving (greater amount)
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In a solution, the solvent and the solute do not need to be in the same phase.
Any phase of matter can dissolve in any other phase of matter.
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Water Molecule
www.ualr.edu/~botany/ botimages.html
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Universal Solvent Because of its polar nature, water can easily dissolve many substances and is commonly known as the “Universal Solvent”
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The Solution ProcessWater molecules are in continuous motion.
When a solute is added the water molecules will collide with it. The polar nature of water molecules attract the solute particles and the particles will break away.
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Negative side of water molecules will surround positive cations
The Solution Process
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Positive side of water molecules will surround negative anions
The Solution Process
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Dissolving polar molecular compounds
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Density – ice floats in water!One of the few solids
in which a solid will float in its own liquid.
Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to arrange in a honeycomb pattern which increases the volume of the ice and makes it less dense
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If the solute does dissolve in the solvent, the solute is soluble. (aq)
If it doesn’t dissolveit is insoluble. (s) Forms a precipitate
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Solubility RulesUse STAAR chart to
determine whether or not a compound is soluble (aq) or insoluble (s)
Cu(NO3)2
MgCO3
NH4Cl
NaOH
Mg(OH)2
PbCrO4
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Solubility RulesUse STAAR chart to
determine whether or not a compound is soluble (aq) or insoluble (s)
Na2CrO4
MgCrO4
CuCl2
MgF2
CuSO4
Hg2SO4
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Predicting Products in a Double Replacement ReactionNa2SO4 + BaCl2
2Cr(NO3)3 + 3(NH4)2S
BaSO4 + 2NaCl
6(NH4)NO3 + Cr2S3
(s) (aq)
(aq) (s)
3KNO3 + FeCl3
Fe(NO3)3 +
3KCl (aq) (aq)
Since all reactants and products are soluble (aqueous), technically nothing happened.
(No Reaction)