SQL Views Chapter 3A DAVID M. KROENKE and DAVID J. AUER DATABASE CONCEPTS, 5 th Edition.
David M. Kroenke and David J. Auer Database...
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David M. Kroenke and David J. Auer
Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation
Chapter One:
Introduction
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Chapter Objectives
• To understand the nature and characteristics of databases
• To survey some important and interesting database applications
• To gain a general understanding of tables and relationships
• To describe the components of a Microsoft Access database system and explain the functions they perform
• To describe the components of an enterprise-class database system and explain the functions they perform
• To define the term database management system (DBMS) and describe the functions of a DBMS
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Chapter Objectives
• To define the term database and describe what is contained within the database
• To define the term metadata and provide examples of metadata
• To define and understand database design from existing data
• To define and understand database design as new systems development
• To define and understand database design in database redesign
• To understand the history and development of database processing
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The Characteristics of Databases
• The purpose of a database is to help people
track things of interest to them.
• Data is stored in tables, which have rows and
columns like a spreadsheet. A database may
have multiple tables, where each table stores
data about a different thing.
• Each row in a table stores data about an
occurrence or instance of the thing of interest.
• A database stores data and relationships.
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Data in Tables
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The Key Characteristic of
Databases: Related Tables
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Naming Conventions in this
Textbook
• Table names are written with all capital
letters:
– STUDENT, CLASS, GRADE
• Column names are written with an initial
capital letter, and compound names are
written with a capital letter on each word:
– Term, Section, ClassNumber, StudentName
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Databases Create Information
• Data = recorded facts and figures
• Information = knowledge derived from data
• Databases record data, but they do so in such a way that we can produce information from the data.
– The data on STUDENTs, CLASSes, and GRADEs could produce information about each student’s GPA.
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Database Examples
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Components of a Database System
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Components of a Database System
with SQL
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Applications, the DBMS, and SQL
• Applications are the computer programs that users work with.
• The Database Management System (DBMS) creates, processes, and administers databases.
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is an internationally recognized standard database language that is used by all commercial DBMSs.
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Database Applications
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Database Applications—Forms
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Database Applications—Queries
SELECT LastName, FirstName, EmailAddress
FROM STUDENT
WHERE StudentNumber > 2;
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Database—Reports
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The DBMS
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The Database
• A database is a self-describing collection of integrated tables.
• The tables are called integrated because they store data about the relationships between the rows of data.
• A database is called self-describing because it stores a description of itself.
• The self-describing data is called metadata, which is data about data.
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Typical Metadata Tables
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Database Contents
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Personal Database Systems:
Microsoft Access
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Microsoft Access
• Microsoft Access is a low-end product
intended for individual users and small
workgroups.
• Microsoft Access tries to hide much of the
underlying database technology from the user.
• A good strategy for beginners, but not for
database professionals.
• NOTE: Microsoft Access 2013 is discussed in
detail in Appendix A.
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What Is Microsoft Access?
• Microsoft Access is a DBMS plus an application generator: – The DBMS creates, processes, and administers
Microsoft Access databases.
– The application generator includes query, form, and report components.
• The Microsoft Access DBMS engine is called the Access Data Engine (ADE).
• Microsoft Access 2000 thru 2010 can be used as an application generator for the Microsoft SQL Server DBMS.
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Enterprise-Class Database
Systems
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Prominent DBMS Products
• Microsoft Access 2013
• Microsoft SQL Server 2012
– Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Express
• Oracle Corporation Oracle Database 11g
Release 2
• MySQL 5.6
• IBM DB2
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DBMS Power vs. Ease of Use
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Three Types of Database Design
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Database Design from Existing Data
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Data Import: One or Two Tables?
This is an important
decision, and based on
a set of rules known as
normalization (which is
covered in Chapter 3).
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Database Design from New
Systems Development
Entity-Relationship data modeling is covered in Chapter 5, and data model
transformations to database designs are covered in Chapter 6.
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Database Design from Database
Redesign
Database redesign is
covered in Chapter 8,
after coverage of SQL in
Chapter 7.
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What You Need To Learn
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Knowledge Priorities
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A Brief History of
Database
Processing
I
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A Brief History of
Database
Processing
II
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The Relational Database Model
• The dominant database model is the relational database model—all current major DBMS products are based on it.
• It was created by IBM engineer E. F. Codd in 1970.
• It was based on mathematics called relational algebra.
• This text examines and explains the relational database model.
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David Kroenke and David Auer
Database Processing (13th Edition)
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation
End of Presentation: Chapter One
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