David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, 2008 1 Searching for New Physics at Super B, The Super Flavor Factory...

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, 2008 1

Searching for New Physics at SuperB,The Super Flavor

Factory

David HitlinFermilab ColloquiumNovember 19, 2008


Q&A Is there a motivation to continue e+e- flavor physics studies with a Super

B factory beyond the BABAR/Belle/(LHCb) era ? Yes – provided that new measurements have sensitivity to New

Physics in b, c and decay What size data sample is required to provide this sensitivity ?

50-75 ab-1 (BABAR+Belle total sample is <2 ab-1) What luminosity is required to gather a sample of this size in five years ?

At least 1036 cm-2s-1

Can an asymmetric collider with this luminosity be built ? Yes, using an innovative new approach: a low emittance collider,

based on concepts developed for the ILC damping rings, and employing a new type of final focus – a “crabbed waist”. The machine is called SuperB

Can a detector be built that can withstand the machine backgrounds ? Yes. The beam currents are less than those at PEP-II and KEKB

In this era of increasing energy prices, can you pay the power bill ? Yes. The wallplug power, 17MW, is less than half that of KEKB (40-

60mw) and comparable to that of PEP-II


SuperB One Pager SuperB is a Super Flavor Factory with very high initial luminosity,

1036, which can be upgraded to 4x1036 in a straightforward manner It is asymmetric : 4 on 7 GeV Most of the ring magnets can re reused from PEP-II, as can the RF systems,

many vacuum components, linac and injection components – as well as BABAR as the basis for an upgraded detector

The high energy beam can be linearly polarized to ~85% , using the SLC laser gun This is particularly important for confronting New Physics in decays

The primary ECM will be the (4S), but SuperB can run elsewhere in the region, and in the charm &tau threshold regions as well, with a luminosity above 1035

One month at the (3770), for example, yields 10x the total data sample that will be produced by BEPCII

SuperB will be built on the campus of the Rome II University at Tor Vergata There is an FEL already in early stages of construction on the site Tunneling will continue to dig the SuperB tunnel, funded by Regione Lazio

Time scales (Successful) conclusion of the European Roadmap process (INFN, ECFA,

CERN Strategy Group) by the end of 2008, followed by INFNMinistry TDR effort is beginning: construction 5 years : luminosity in 2015


What have you been smoking ? The EPP2010 report regarded flavor physics (or indeed most

things we actually know how to measure) as uninteresting The recent P5 report is much more realistic

It recommends, in Scenario B and above, US participation in an overseas Super B factory

There are two proposals on the market SuperKEKB, an upgrade of KEKB SuperB, a new low emittance collider, with a luminosity of >1036, to

be built at Rome II University “Tor Vergata”, using many PEP-II components

This talk will concern SuperB

320 signers80 institutions


Primary physics objectives of a Super Flavor Factory

Perform measurements in the flavor sector such that: If new particles are discovered at LHC we are able to study the

flavor structure of the New Physics If the New Physics scale is beyond the reach of the LHC,

explore the New Physics scale

More specifically Are there new CP-violating phases in b,c or decay ? Are there new right-handed currents ? Are there new loop contributions to flavor-changing neutral currents Are there new Higgs fields ? Is there charged lepton flavour violation (LFV) ? Is there new flavor symmetry that elucidates the CKM hierarchy ?

What are the requirements for a detector that can address these questions in a 1036 asymmetric e+e- environment ?

f

bq

e f


Charm FCNC

Charm mixing and CPVB Physics: (4S)

PhysicsBs Physics: (5S)


Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in flavor physics

Extra dim w/SM on brane

SupersoftSUSY breakingDirac gauginos

SM-like flavor physics Observable effects of New Physics

MSSMMFV

low tan

Generic Little Higgs

Generic extra dim w SM in bulk

SUSY GUTs

Effective SUSY

MSSMMFV

large tan

after G. Hiller

Little Higgs w/MFV UV fix


SPS-9SPS-8SPS-7SPS-6SPS-5SPS-4SPS-3SPS-2SPS-1

Ghodbane and Martyn

1500

1000

500

250


The Unitarity triangle constraints

0 0( ) and

( )

LK

K

B

B

, d s LB B KConstraints f rom and decays


SuperB+Lattice improvements

Interplay between metrology and New Physics sensitivity

Today

= ± 0.0028 = ± 0.0024

= 0.163 ± 0.028 = 0.344± 0.016

Improving the precision of Unitarity Triangle measurements, along with reducing theoretical uncertainties, can provide evidence

for New Physics


LHC

SuperBSquark mass matrix (d sector)


Probes of New Physics In the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2 ” in

modes, but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetries

Since the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders of magnitude less than tree modes, a great deal of luminosity is required to make these measurements to meaningful precision

0 0/ SB J Ky®

, , ,b ccs b ccd b sss b dds® ® ® ®

* *2

* *( 1) itb td cb cs

treetb td cb cs

V V V Vq Ae

p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -

* *2

* *( 1) itb td tb ts

penguintb td tb ts

V V V Vq Ae

p A V V V Vbl h -= = = -

0 0SB Kf®

~

b u,c,t s b u,c,t s b u,c,t s b d,s,b s

W- H- - g, 0

~~ ~~ ~~

SUSY(2 ) SUSYsin(2 )iK

Ae S

Ab f

fl b f+= Þ = +


There are penguin and tree corrections to these penguins

2~tb tsV V

b

d

g

t

d

ss

s

W

0', f

0K

b

d

g

t

d

ds

d

W

2~tb tsV V

0 0, ,

0K

4~ iub us uV V R e

W b

d

d

uu

0', f

s 0K

4~ iub us uV V R e

W b

d

d

uu 0 0, ,

s 0K

0K

b

d

g

t

d

ss

s

W

2~tb tsV V

b

dg

u

d

ss

W

4~ iub us uV V R e

0Ks

Correctionsof up to 20%correctionsfor sin2β are possible

Thesecorrectionscan becalculatedand/orbounded

Gold

Silv

er

Bro

nz

e

4

29

20

0/ 440SJ Ky x10-6


Many channels can show effects in the range S~(0.01-0.04)

New Physics in CPV: sin2 from “s Penguins”…

SuperB

(*) theory limited

d d

sb

W-

B0d

t ss

K0

g

sb b s

~

~ ~

23d

LR

X


Statistical errors on CP asymmetries

Currentprecision

BABAR measurement errors 10 to 50 ab-1 are required for a meaningful comparison

1036 yields 15 ab-1/yearFive year total: 75 ab-1


B K0 at 50/ab with present WA value

J/K0

K0

SUSY(2 ) SUSYsin(2 )iK

Ae S

Ab f

fl b f+= Þ = +


SPS4 is ruled out by exp value of (Bs)

SPS1a is the least favorable for flavor effects, but SuperB and only SuperBcan observe 2 deviations in several observables

Minimal Flavor Violation : SNOWMASS points


1 10

1

10-1

10-2 (TeV)gluinom

is measured with a significance >3 away

from zero

23| |LR

23| |LR

Arg(23)LR=(44.5± 2.6)o

= (0.026 ± 0.005)

1 10

g

sb b s

~

~ ~

New Physics contribution (2-3 transitions)

23d

LR

MSSM + generic soft SUSY breaking terms

Flavor-changing NP effects in the squark propagator NP scale SUSY mass

flavor-violating coupling X

0.01

0.1

2

, ,

2, ,

( )qij LR RR LLq

ij LR RR LL

M

m

~ gm m


Why do we need a very large sample >75ab-1 ?

Im (

13) L

L

Im (

13) L

L

Re (13)LL Re (13)LL

SM SM

Exhibit A: Determination of coupling [in this case : (13)LL] with 10 ab-1 and 75 ab-1


KB

Exhibit B: SM Branching fractions: Current 10ab-1 75ab-1 * , ( )SB K K K

Actual limit


Polarization at SuperB The SuperB design includes a polarized electron beam

SuperKEKB does not, and cannot, have a polarized beam Spins must be vertical in the ring spin rotators at the

IPSolenoid spin rotators appear best 36.6 Tesla-meters for 90 spin rotation in the LER

e.g. 2.5 Tesla x14.66 meters with 30x106 ampere-turns

Expected longitudinal polarization at the IP: 87%(injection) x 97%(ring)=85%(effective)

25


polarized e- beam: reduced background, improved sensitivity

Very important order of magnitude 10-8 10-9

Complimentarity with e

A Super Flavor Factory is also a factory Lepton Flavor Violation


LFV in decays: SuperB capability

SuperB sensitivity directly confronts many New Physics models BABAR

SuperBsensitivityFor 75 ab-1


CMSSM : e vanishes at all SPS points MVF-NP extensions : e vanishes as s130is independent of s13

1 1 7510ab : 75ab for ( ), 7.5 for ( )

10 B B

LFV

2

5 disc

B B


107 B

(

M 1

/2

SuperB

SO(10) MSSMLFV from PMNS

LFV from CKMBeyond MFV

SUSY GUTnow

SuperB

J.K.Parry, H.-H. Zhanghep-ph/0710.5443

Allowed by ms

From Bs phase

now

SuperB


t -¬

t -¬

t -¬ t -

¬

Flipping the helicity of the polarizedelectron beam allows us todetermine the chiral structureof dimension 6 four fermionlepton flavor-violating interactions

t -¬ t -

¬

Polarized ’s can probe the chiral structure of LFV

Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and TurczykJHEP 0710:039,2007;

[See also Matsuzaki and SandaarXiv:0711.0792 [hep-ph]

t -¬t -¬

t -¬


CP Violation in charmNOW

SuperB


The pattern of deviation from the SM values is diagnostic

Model Bd Unitarity

Time-dep. CPV Rare B decay Other signals

mSUGRA(moderate tan)

- - - -

mSUGRA(large tan )

Bd mixing - B → (D)*b → sl+l−

Bs → Bs mixing

SUSY GUT with R -B → KS

B → K∗-

Bs mixing LFV, n EDM

Effective SUSY Bd mixing B → KS ACP (b→s) b → sl +l −

Bs mixing

KK graviton exchange

- -b → sl +l − -

Split fermions in large extra dimensions

Bd mixing - b → sl +l − mixing mixing

Bulk fermions in warped extra dimensions

Bd mixing B → KS b → sl +l − Bs mixingmixing

Universal extra dimensions - -

b → sl +l −

b → sK →

K0 K 0

0 0D D

D0D0


A Super B Factory is a DNA chip for New Physics


34

33

35

36

2015

SuperKEKB

SuperB


How to increase luminosity

• Increase beam currents

• Decrease y*• Decrease

bunch length

• HOM in beam pipe– heating, instabilities,

power costs• Increased detector

backgrounds • Increased chromaticity

– smaller dynamic aperture

• Increased RF voltage – Capital and operating

costs, instabilities

Brute force approach But...SuperKEKB approach


Current SuperB Parameters

Beam-beamtransparencyconditions inred

SuperKEKB

3.5 80.8 (0.4)

5000 12 | 5

9.4 | 4.1 3 200

9 (24) 0.36742

330

83

0.2090.405

45

IP beam distributions

for KEKB

IP beam distributions for

SuperB(without

transparency conditions)


Length 20 m Circumference ~1800 m

Length 280 m

HER

nb: polarization insertion not modeled in this version


Low emittance rings are not exotic


Crabbed waist beam distribution at the IP

Crab sextupoles

OFF

Crab sextupoles

ON

waist line is orthogonal to the axis of bunch

waist moves to the axis of other beam

All particles from both beams collide in the minimum y region, with a net luminosity gain

E. Paoloni


+ RF (cavities, klystrons, .....) + vacuum components + accelerator expertise + BABAR

Lmag (m) 0.56 0.73 0.43 0.7 0.4

PEP HER 202 82 - - -

PEP LER - - 353 - -

SuperB HER 165 108 - 2 2

SuperB LER 88 108 165 2 2

SuperB Total 253 216 165 4 4

Needed 51 134 0 4 4

Lmag (m) 0.45 5.4

PEP HER - 194

PEP LER 194 -

SuperB HER - 130

SuperB LER 224 18

SuperB Total 224 148

Needed 30 0

SuperB uses many PEP-II components

Why not do this at SLAC as an upgrade of PEP-II?

This is sufficientlylogical that it must be happening in anotherpart of the multiverse, But, apparently, notin our sector

Dipoles Quadrupoles

Sextupoles Lmag (m) 0.25 0.5

PEP HER/LER 188 -

SuperB HER/LER 372 4

Needed 184 4


SuperB Experimental Hall & Transfer Line

-+


SuperB luminosity profile

Peak

Integrated

160 ab-1 in ten years ~100 x combinedBABAR+Belle data sample

Peak luminosity can beupgraded to 2.5x1036

(conservatively)


An upgrade of BABAR works well at SuperB

Straightforward R&D on SuperB upgrade components is underway R&D for a detector that can function in the SuperKEKB environment, a much more difficult problem, is also underway


EDIA[my]

Labor[my]

M&S[k€]

Net replacement value [k€]

Accelerator 452 291 191,166 126,330

Site (Lazio region) 119 138 105,700 0

Detector 283 156 40,747 46,471

How much will SuperB cost?

From the SuperB CDR

Costs are presented “ILC-style”,with replacement value for reusablePEP-II/ BABAR components

Value of reusable itemsfrom PEP-II and BABAR

Disassembly, crating, refurbishment andshipping costs areincluded in columns to the left


Schedule

Four year construction, preceded by 2-3 years of design and prototyping, which overlaps organizational and funding activities


INFN International Review Committee ReportMembers: H. Aihara, J.B. Dainton (chair), R. Heuer (to Nov 07), Y. K. Kim,

J. Lefrançois, A. Masiero, S. Myers (for April 08), T. Nakada (RECFA from April 08), D. Schulte, A. Seiden

Conclusions

● Strongly recommend continuation of work for 1036 cm-2 s-1 asymmetric e+e- collider

● Even more concerted effort to fully evaluate physics potential ↔ machine specifications ● Major design program to establish credibility of machine now critical ← showstoppers ? ● Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) now essential ● Preservation of detector and PEP2 components

● Increasing global involvement if timescale for a TDR is to be met


The review and approval process for SuperB INFN commissioned an International Review Committee, for the CDR, chaired by

John Dainton to report on the physics objectives the detector concept and the machine H. Aihara (Tokyo), J. Dainton (Liverpool) , R. Heuer (DESY), Y.-K, Kim

(Fermilab), J. Lefrancois (Orsay), A. Masiero (Padova), S. Myers(CERN), D. Schulte (CERN), A. Seiden (UC Santa Cruz)

The report, issued in May, was strongly positive. Excerpts:“……….. the step change in luminosity which SuperB brings, makes possible measurements that are crucial to our comprehension of the physics which is behind the Standard Model. In some cases, for example if dynamic issues are at a multi-TeV energy scale, measurements at SuperB may provide the only window on this physics.”“There are issues which arise because of the huge luminosity at SuperB and the need to improve detector performance in the face of the experimental challenge of precision measurements. R&D is already underway where appropriate, and, given the timescale foreseen by the SuperB collaboration, it is important to maintain, and where possible to accelerate, this work to a conclusion, so as to enable the appropriate decisions for the experiment to be taken in a timely fashion.”

“The importance of taking forward the design of the SuperB machine expeditiously requires a growing investment in the accelerator physics and engineering R&D work. This growth in both scope and volume of in-depth evaluation requires the oversight of an expert Machine Advisory Committee (MAC).”


The Mini-MAC In response to the Dainton report, INFN commissioned a Machine Advisory

Committee, chaired by Jonathan Dorfan Klaus Balewski (DESY), John Corlett (LBNL), Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC, Chair), Tom Himel (SLAC/on sabbatical at DESY), Claudio Pellegrini (UCLA), Daniel Schulte (CERN), Ferdi Willeke (BNL), Andy Wolski (Liverpool), Frank Zimmermann (CERN) From the closeout:“Very exciting project - Committee is exhilarated by the challenge”“Imaginative and ambitious design - Committee endorses the design approach. Design does offer

flexibility to either raise the luminosity or compensate for surprises”“Committee considers the SINGLE MOST ESSENTIAL ingredient for moving forward

is the formation of a sanctioned management structure which formally incorporates a dedicated machine design team”

“The Committee sees no glaring showstoppers wrt achieving the design performance. However, in several key areas, more work is needed before the design can be blessed”

“The Committee, in consultation with the SuperB team, established a list of topics that are essential for the team to address before the Mini-MAC will be in a position to state with confidence that the machine can achieve its physics goals. It is the Committee’s opinion that these items can be prioritized in such a way that the machine feasibility can be judged six months from now”“Local food is excellent”


ECFA, CSG After a presentation to ECFA, a SuperB subcommittee

chaired by Tatsuya Nakada was formed Report to be presented at next RECFA meeting on Nov. 28

Presentation to CERN Strategy Group is anticipated in December

If these milestones are passed successfully, next step is to formally seek funding from the Italian ministry and the EU

INFN has formally requested the PEP-II and BABAR components from SLAC and DOE Approval will be contingent on European funding decisions


High statistics flavor physics at an e+e- collider will likely provide information crucial to the understanding of new physics found at LHC The data sample needed is in the range 50-75 ab-1

SuperB, with an initial luminosity of 1036 cm-2s-1 can provide such a sample in the canonical five years The low emittance crabbed waist design of SuperB allows

Very high luminosity with a power bill less than existing machines

Detector backgrounds that can be coped with using existing technology

A longitudinally polarized electron beam that facilitates measurements of or searches for, EDM, CPV and anomalous moment

The capability of running at lower center-of-mass energies The achievable levels of sensitivity in rare b, c and decays allow

substantial coverage in the parameter space of new physics There is, of course, overlap with the programs of LHC flavor experiments

such as LHCb, but the e+e- environment makes possible a substantial number of unique and important physics objectives, especially in those areas most sensitive to new physics, such as LFV, FCNC, decays involving (multi) neutrals, mixing and CPV, …..

We are working towards a turn-on date of 2015 or 2016

Conclusions

0 0D D

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, 2008 1 Searching for New Physics at Super B, The Super Flavor Factory...

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