Dataraw Facts

7/27/2019 Dataraw Facts

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data raw facts

information collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts

themselves

What is the value of information? its directly linked to how it helps deciison makers achievetheir organization's goals

What is an Information System? A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate,

store, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective (THIS

PROCESS COULD BE MANUAL OR COMPUTERIZED)

hardware computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities

software computer programs that govern the operation of the computer

database an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two ormore related data files

telecommunications the electronic transmission of signals for communications which enablesorganizations to carry out their processes and tasks

people the most important element in most CBIS; includes people who manage, run, program,

and maintain the system

procedures includes the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using the CBIS; procedures

for operations, maintenance, security

What is systems development? The activity of creating new business systems or modifying

existing business systems using internal or external resources

What are the 5 Systems Development Stages? Investigation, Analysis, Design,

Implementation, Maintenance & review IADIM

Organization a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a setof goals

value chain a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse & storage,

production, finished product storage, outboun logistics, marketing & sales, and customer service

organizational culture major understandings and assumptions of a business or other organization

organizational change how organizations plan for, implement, and handle change

technology diffusion a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout an organization


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technology infusion is the exten to which technology permeates an area or department

technology acceptance model TAM specifies the factors that can lead to higher acceptance and

usage of technology in an organization

competitive advantage a significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over itscompetition

Factors that lead firms to seek competitive advantage rivalry among existing competitors,

threats of new entrants, threat of substitute produts and services, bargaining power of customers,

bargaining power of suppliers (cost efficiency is generally not a motive for seeking competitiveadvantage)

three stages in the use of "IS" cost reduction and productivity, competitive advantage, and

performance based management

Performance is used to evaluate the contributions (value & cost) of the IS (six phases)Productivity= (Output/Input) * 100 OI

Return on Investment (ROI)

Earnings growth

Market Share

Customer Awareness and satisfaction

Total Cost of Ownership

Roles, Functions, and careers in "IS" Executive management, Operationss, SystemsDevelopment, Support

A computer is a device that Accepts input, Processes data, Stores data,Produces output

A computer system includes Hardwarethe physical components

Softwarethe programs or lists of instructions

Architecture or configuration means is the design of the computer (what the computer consistsof)

Specification is the technical detail about each component (how fast is the printer)

Types of computers Hand-held

Portable (Laptop, Notebook, Tablet)


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Thin Client

Desktop

Workstation

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Input devices Keyboard

Mouse

Other Pointing Devices

Wireless pointer

Touch pad

Track ball

Microphone

Digital Camera

Scanner

Touch sensitive screens

Bar-Code Scanners

Optical Data Readers

Point-of-Sale (POS) Devices

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices

Hardware (types) Input devices

Output devices

Processing hardware


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Storage devices

Hardware (output) Monitors

Printers

Plotters

Speakers

Monitors Screen Size

Resolution

Dot Pitch

Printers Laser

Ink-jet

Dot Matrix

Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character.

How many are there? Kilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytes

Megabyte (MB) is about one million bytes

Gigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytes

Terabyte (TB) is about one trillion bytes

What are the two most important components of personal computer hardware?

Microprocessor (CPU) and the memory *both directly affect the price and performance

What is the microprocessor or CPU is an integrated circuit or chip on the main circuit boardinside the computer. It is made up of:

Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)

Control unit

Its speed is determined by:


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Clock Speed/Machine cycle

Word size or Wordlength

Physical characteristics (distance and resistance

Ram Random Access Memory) is temporary memory that is constantly changing while thecomputer is on.

Rom Read-Only Memory) is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the

computer uses.

Types of processing Multicore microprocessor - combines two or more independent processors

into a single computer so they can share the workload

Parallel processing - A form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking several

processors to operate at the same time, or in parallel.

Grid computing - use a collection of computers often owned by multiple organizations, to workin a coordinated manner

Storage Access Methods Sequential Access - The retrieval method in which data must be

accessed in the order in which it is stored. (tape drives)

Direct Access - The retrieval method in which data can be retrieved without the need to read anddiscard other data.

SAN (Storage Area Networks) The technology that provides high-speed connections

between data-storage devices and computers over a network

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) A method of storing data that generates

extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a "reconstruction map" so that

if a hard drive fails, the system can rebuild lost data.

What is software? is the instructions and data that direct the computer to accomplish the task.

It can refer to a single program or a package

System software helps the computer carry out it s basic operating tasks.

Application software helps the user carry out a variety of tasks.


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Systems Software Operating Systems Perform common computer hardware functions

Provide a user interface

Manage system memory

Manage processing tasks

Provide networking capability

Control access to system resources

Manage files

Application software examples Personal Productivity Applications

Workgroup Applications

Enterprise Applications

Database Heirarchy from biggest to smallest Database, files, records, fields, character

Data Modeling Key Considerations Content - What data should be collected, and at what cost?

Access - What data should be provided to which users and when?

Logical structure - How should data be arranged so it makes sense to a given user?

Physical organization - Where should data be physically located?

Manipulating Data Selecting - data manipulation that eliminates rows according to certain

criteria

Projecting - data manipulation that eliminates columns in a table

Joining - data manipulation that combines two or more tables

Database Management Systems A group of programs that manipulate the database and

provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs.

What is a DBA (database administration) the role of the database administrator (DBA) is to

plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases

Selecting a DBMS


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Size

Cost

Number of Users

Performance

Integration

Vendor

Data Warehouse a database that collects business information from many sources in the

enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers.

Data Mart a subset of a data warehouse

Data Mining an information analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and

relationships in a data warehouse. Bottom-up approach

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) the software that allows users to explore data from a

number of different perspectives. Top-down approach.

Business Intelligience Gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable

form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

Competitive intelligience a continuous process involving the legal and ethical collection of

information about competitors, its analysis, and controlled dissemination of information todecision makers

Counterintelligience the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by "hostile"intelligence gatherers

Knowledge Management the process of capturing a company's collective expertise wherever

it resides, and distributing it wherever it can help produce the biggest payoff

Character Level Formats Font

Font size (point size)

Font color

Bold Italicize Underline Strikethrough Superscript/ subscript

Paragraph Level Format Alignment


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Indentations

Left, Double, First, or hanging indent

Tabs

Line Spacing

Document level formats Margins, paper size, paper orientation, vertical alignment

Field (equals what?) describes the entity; an attribute or characteristic of the entity (equalscolumn)

Record (equals what?)description of each entity; set of related field values

(equals row)

Table collection of fields and group of related records

Database collection of related tables and other objects

What are two parts of a table?1) Structure 2) Data

Primary Key in the main table

field value must be unique

field value is required

Foreign Key in the related table

field value is not necessarily unique

field value is required

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