Database Systems

Dr. Don Goelman

Some History

Early Systems 1960’s: ad-hoc programs give way to

DBMSs (IDS – C.W. Bachman) 1970’s: two big developments

Systematization of the network model (CODASYL/DBTG)

Introduction of relational model (E.F. Codd, CACM)

Three classical “Record Based”Models

Hierarchical IMS S2K

Network IDS IDMS Total Adabas DMS2

Relational System R Ingres QBE Oracle Access Sybase Foxpro DB2 Informix MySQL SQL Server

Two Modern Models

Object ObjectStore Objectivity O2 Versant Orion

Object-Relational UniSQL Oracle8 Informix Univ.

Server Illustra PostGRES

Current Areas of Exploration

ODBs and Object/Relational DBsDistributed DatabasesClient Server ArchitectureGUIsData WarehousesData MiningDB over the WebXMLBig Data and NoSQLData Science

Literature

ACM TODSACM SIGMOD RecordIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data EngineeringData and Knowledge Engineering

DB Systems: Early HistoryPre 1960’s

Event Consequence1945: Magnetic tapes developed (the first medium to allow searching)

Replaced punch cards and paper tape.

1957: First Commercial Computer Installed

1959: McGee proposed notion of generalized access to electronically stored data

1959: IBM Introduced the Ramac System

Read data in nonsequential manner and access to files became feasible.

The 1960’s

Event Consequences1961: The first generalized DBMS- GE’s Integrated Datasource (IDS) – designed by Bachman popularized data structure diagrams.

Formed the basis for Network Data Model developed by Conference on Data Systems Languages Database Task Group(CODASYL DBTG)

1960’s continued

Event Consequence1965–70:

Generalized file management systems developed by numerous vendors

Information Management System (IMS) developed by IBM

IMS DB/DC (database/data communication) System was the first large-scale DB/DC system

SABRE, developed by IBM and American Airlines

Provided two-level conceptual/user view organization of data

Formed the basis for Hierarchical Data Model

Supported network views on top of the heirarchies

Allowed multi-user access to data involving a communication network

The 1970’s

Event ConsequencesDatabase technology experienced rapid growth

Commercial systems followed CODASYL DBTG propoal, but none fully implemented it. IDMS system by B.F. Goodrich, Honeywell’s IDS II, UNIVAC’s DMS 1100, Burroughs’s DMS-II, CDC’s DMS 170, Phillip’s PHOLAS and Digital’s DBMS 11.Several integrated DB/ DC Systems: Cincom’s TOTAL plus ENVIRON/1. DBMS developed as an academic discipline and research area.

1970’s continued

Event Consequence1970: The relational model is developed by Ted Codd, an IBM research fellow

1971: CODASYL Database Task Group Report

1975: ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data organized first SIGMOD international conference

Laid foundation for database theory

Provided a forum for dissemination of database research

More 1970’sEvent Consequence

1975: Very Large Data Base Foundation organized first VLDB conference

1976: Entity-relationship (ER) model introduced by Chen. Research projects: System R (IBM), INGRES (U.C. Berkeley), System 2000 (U of Texas - Austin), Socrate Project (U of Grenoble, France), ADABAS (Technical U of Darmstadt, W. Germany).Query Languages developed: SQUARE, SQL, QBE, QUEL

Provided forum for for dissemination of database research