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Database Management System (DBMS)

A New Approach to Data Management

by

Kudang B. Seminar

Performance

Control System

Data InfoProcess

Data Store

N E T W A R E

Information System (IS) Model

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Data

ProcessingSales Analysis

Data Information

Data Sales person

Sales Values

Sales Units

Data vs Information

Data: raw facts or observations

Information : data that have been transformed into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users

Sample Tabular View of Sales

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Sample Pivot Chart for Sale Analysis

Akusisi Data Geografis

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Varieties of Information Products

Extracted from Spatial Database

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Database

Integrated collection of inter-relateddata designed for the need of an

enterprise.

Data

Data

Data

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Integrated collection of computer tools (software tools)designed for accessing and maintaining database

Database

DBMSUtilitas

Users

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Application Programs on Top of DBMS

Database

DBMS

Application programs

Users

Advantages of DBMS

Data become shareable resources for variety of users or application programs

Method of data access and maintenance becomes uniform and consistent

Redundancy data and heterogenity of data structures are minimized

Data independence

Logical relationship among data are well maintained

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Conventional Data Management

Application Application

• Data belong to a specific application program

• Lifetime of data is limited by the lifetime of application program

• Difficult data sharing

• Data redundancy and inconsistency is Introduced

• Methods of data access are not uniform

• Data structures are likely to be incompatible

Examples of software tools in DBMS

• Designing : ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), DDL (Data

Definition Language)

• Inputing & Manipulating: DML (Data Modification

Language), QL (Query Language), Multimedia processor

• Searching & Retrieving: QL (Query Language): SQL * QBE

• Converting & Squeezing: Encoder & Decoder, Data

Converter & Squeezer, Multimedia processor

• Optimizing : Data Organizer & Analyzer

• Calculating: Math & statistical functions

• Presenting: Report Generator, Multimedia Processor

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Data Modeling: Methods & Tools

Hierarchy of Data Abstractions

View 1 View 2 View n…

Conceptual

schema

Internal schema

Database

External Level

Conceptual

Level

Internal Level

Physical Level

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Data Abstraction (cont. )

Extenal Level : describes only part of database

relevant to specific users

Conceptual Level : describes “what” to store

(entity & attributes) , constraints, semantics, data integrity & security, also relationships among data

Internal Data : describes “how” data is organized &

stored (memory allocation, indexing, compressing)

Physical Level : describes file structures comprising

database

Data Model

Usage: a fundamental set of tools & methods

to consistently & uniformly view, organize, and treat database .

Definition: Integrated collection of concepts, theories, axioms, constraints for description, organization, validation, and interpretation of data.

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Types Data Models

Functional

Object Oriented

Object-Based

Model

Relational

Hierarchical

Network

Record-Based

Model

Relational Data Model

Representation of data as an integrated

collections of inter-related tables

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ID StudentName ID CourseCode

CourseCode CourseName Credit

MMA.101 Rudi Wibowo

SIM105 MIS 3

MMA.101 SIM105

MMA.102 Melinda

AKO104 DBMS 3

MMA.101 AKO104

MMA.102 SIM105

record

record

Field/attribute

Samples of Relational Data

Terminology

In This Document

Formal TermsMany Database

Manuals

Relational Table Relation Table

Column Attribute Field

Row Tuple Record

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Hierarchical Data Model

Representation

of data as a tree

structure (one-

to-many

relationships)

Sample of Hierarchical Data

Country

Province Province

City City

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Network Data Model

Representation of

data as a network

structure (many-to-

many relationships)

Departmen

Employee Employee

Research Work Projects

Fund Source Fund Source

Departmen

Sample of Network Model

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Functional Data Model

Representation of data using logic: predicate logic, proportional logic, & functional logic

Mainly for expert system & Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Is-bird (pigeon)

Is-bird (?x) -> Has-wings (?x)

Has-wings (?y) -> Can-fly (?y)

•Can-fly (pigeon)

•Has-wings (pigeon)Conclusion

Greater-Than(Body-

Temperature-Of (?x)),

37) Is-human (?x)

Is-Sick (?x)

Facts:

Rules:

Derived

Facts:

Object-Oriented Data Model

Encapsulation of attributes & behaviors

Inheritance of object attributes & behaviors : single or

multiple inheritance

attributeattribute

BehaviorBehavior

Object

attributeattribute

BehaviorBehavior

Object

Message

Message

Interobject communication by message exchange

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Sample of Object-Oriented Model

Creature• Breathing

• Reproducing

• Eating

Human• IS-A Creature

• Intelligent

Student• IS-A Human

• Enrolled in University

Rudi Wibowo• Instance-of Student

• Nrp: MMA.101

Eli Rosida• Instance-of Student

• Nrp: MMA.102

Animal• IS-A Creature

• Less Intelligent

Herbivor• IS-A Animal

• Eats plants