Database Communica on in Visual Studio/C# using ASP.NET Web ...

Database Communica/on in Visual Studio/C#

using ASP.NET Web Forms

Hans-‐PeBer Halvorsen, M.Sc.

Web Programming


Web is the Present and the Future

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History of the Web

•  Internet (1960s) • World Wide Web -‐ WWW (1991) •  First Web Browser -‐ Netscape, 1994 •  Google, 1998 •  Facebook, 2004 •  Smartphones, 2007 •  Tablets, 2010

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The Web Browser O. W

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Internet Explorer Chrome

Firefox

Opera

Safari

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Web Pages Examples

HTML

JavaScript CSS

Web Programming

Use HTML to define the content of web pages

Use CSS to specify the layout of web pages

The Web Programming Triangle

Use JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

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CSS

JavaScript

Web Server

Web Architecture

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Web Server

Web Browser

HTML JavaScript

Client

CSS

Server-‐side

Internet Explorer Chrome Firefox Opera Safari

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Web Plaaorm

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Client-‐side

Server-‐side

Web Browser

Web Server

Web Page (HTML)

HTML, CSS, JavaScript

ASP.NET, PHP, ...

Internet Informa/on Services (IIS), Apache, etc.

The code runs on the server and converted to HTML

before sending to client (Web Browser)

The Web Browser creates the visual web page you see in the browser based on the HTML code

HTML •  HyperText Markup Language (HTML) •  The Visual appearnce of a Web Site •  “Web Browser Language”: All Web Browser understand HTML

•  HTML 5 is the latest •  Maintened by W3C -‐ World Wide Web Consor/um

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title of the document</title> </head> <body> Content of the document...... </body> </html>

CSS •  CSS – Cascading Style Sheets •  Styles define how to display HTML elements •  CSS is used to control the style and layout of mul/ple Web pages all at once

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body { background-color: #d0e4fe; } h1 { color: orange; text-align: center; } p { font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 20px; }

JavaScript •  JavaScript is the programming language of the Web. •  All modern HTML pages are using JavaScript. •  JavaScript is the default scrip/ng language in all modern browsers, and in HTML5.

•  JavaScript is probably the most popular programming language in the world.

•  It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops, tablets, smart phones, and more.

•  JavaScript can Change HTML Elements! – which makes it very powerful!

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Why JavaScript?

JavaScript is one of 3 languages all web developers must learn: •  1. HTML to define the content of web pages •  2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages •  3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

This tutorial is about JavaScript, and how JavaScript works with HTML and CSS.

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Web Server The term web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the sohware (the computer applica/on) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running enterprise applica/ons.

•  IIS -‐ Internet Informa/on Services – Microsoh Windows

•  Apache Web Server – Open Source –  Cross-‐plaaorm: UNIX, Linux, OS X, Windows, ...

•  Nginx (pronounced "engine x") -‐ Has become very popular latly

•  GWS (Google Web Server) 15

Web Server

16 hBp://www.digi.no/921119/under-‐halvparten-‐bruker-‐apache

Web Programming

•  HTML/HTML5 •  ASP.NET •  PHP •  AJAX •  JavaScript •  CSS •  ...

17 HTTP Error 500 Internal Server Error

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HTML

CSS JavaScript

IIS

ASP.NET

AJAX PHP

SQL Web Services

JQuery

XML

Web API

Web

Program

ming

Basic Web Programming •  HTML •  CSS •  JavaScript

For more Dynamic Web Programming we use e.g., •  ASP.NET •  SQL •  AJAX •  PHP •  etc. (But these are not part of this Tutorial)

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Client-‐Server Example

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Database

Client

Web Server

Request

Response

Web Browser

Internet Informa/on Services (IIS), Apache, etc.

ASP.NET


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Web Server

ASP.NET

C#/VB.NET

.NET Framework

Web Browser

HTML JavaScript

Server-‐side

Client

Web & ASP.NET

CSS

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Web Sites

ASP.NET

C#/VB.NET

.NET Framework

Web Pages

Web Forms MVC

ASP.NET

ASP.NET Example


ASP.NET WebForm App

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This is the WebForm App we are going to create:

ASP.NET is a Web Framework available from Visual Studio. Easily explained, it is just a Template for crea/ng Web Pages using C#

Database

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This is our Example Database (Designed with ERwin)

Students: Create the Tables in ERwin and implement the Tables in SQL Server

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SQL Script -‐ Tables if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[AUTHOR]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) CREATE TABLE [AUTHOR] (

[AuthorId] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [AuthorName] [varchar](50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, [Address] [varchar](50) NULL, [Phone] [varchar](50) NULL, [PostCode] [varchar](50) NULL, [PostAddress] [varchar](50) NULL,

) GO if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[PUBLISHER]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) CREATE TABLE [PUBLISHER] (

[PublisherId] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [PublisherName] [varchar](50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, [Description] [varchar](1000) NULL, [Address] [varchar](50) NULL, [Phone] [varchar](50) NULL, [PostCode] [varchar](50) NULL, [PostAddress] [varchar](50) NULL, [EMail] [varchar](50) NULL,

) GO if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[CATEGORY]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) CREATE TABLE [CATEGORY] (

[CategoryId] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [CategoryName] [varchar](50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, [Description] [varchar](1000) NULL,

) GO if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[BOOK]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) CREATE TABLE [BOOK] (

[BookId] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [Title] [varchar](50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, [ISBN] [varchar](20) NOT NULL, [PublisherId] [int] NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES [PUBLISHER] ([PublisherId]), [AuthorId] [int] NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES [AUTHOR] ([AuthorId]), [CategoryId] [int] NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES [CATEGORY] ([CategoryId]), [Description] [varchar](1000) NULL, [Year] [date] NULL, [Edition] [int] NULL, [AverageRating] [float] NULL,

) GO

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SQL Script – Insert some Data into the Tables -‐-‐CATEGORY -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ INSERT INTO CATEGORY (CategoryName) VALUES ('Science') GO INSERT INTO CATEGORY (CategoryName) VALUES ('Programming') GO INSERT INTO CATEGORY (CategoryName) VALUES ('Novel') GO -‐-‐AUTHOR -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ INSERT INTO AUTHOR (AuthorName) VALUES ('Knut Hamsun') GO INSERT INTO AUTHOR (AuthorName) VALUES ('Gilbert Strang') GO INSERT INTO AUTHOR (AuthorName) VALUES ('J.R.R Tolkien') GO INSERT INTO AUTHOR (AuthorName) VALUES ('Dorf Bishop') GO -‐-‐PUBLISHER -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ INSERT INTO PUBLISHER (PublisherName) VALUES ('Prentice Hall') GO INSERT INTO PUBLISHER (PublisherName) VALUES ('Wiley') GO INSERT INTO PUBLISHER (PublisherName) VALUES ('McGraw-‐Hill') GO

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-‐-‐BOOK -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ INSERT INTO BOOK (Title, ISBN, PublisherId, AuthorId, CategoryId) VALUES ( 'Introduction to Linear Algebra', '0-‐07-‐066781-‐0', (select PublisherId from PUBLISHER where PublisherName='Prentice Hall'), (select AuthorId from AUTHOR where AuthorName='Gilbert Strang'), (select CategoryId from CATEGORY where CategoryName='Science') ) GO INSERT INTO BOOK (Title, ISBN, PublisherId, AuthorId, CategoryId) VALUES ( 'Modern Control System', '1-‐08-‐890781-‐0', (select PublisherId from PUBLISHER where PublisherName='Wiley'), (select AuthorId from AUTHOR where AuthorName='Dorf Bishop'), (select CategoryId from CATEGORY where CategoryName='Programming') ) GO INSERT INTO BOOK (Title, ISBN, PublisherId, AuthorId, CategoryId) VALUES ( 'The Lord of the Rings', '2-‐09-‐066556-‐2', (select PublisherId from PUBLISHER where PublisherName='McGraw-‐Hill'), (select AuthorId from AUTHOR where AuthorName='J.R.R Tolkien'), (select CategoryId from CATEGORY where CategoryName='Novel') ) GO

SQL Script – Insert some Data into the Tables

ASP.NET Web Form

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Create a New Project in Visual Studio

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Add a New Web Form (“Books.aspx”)

Books.aspx

Right-‐click in the Solu/ons Explorer and select “Add New Item”

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Create the following GUI (“Books.aspx”)

GridView (Drag and Drop from the Toolbox)

Header

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Create the following Code (“Books.aspx.cs”) using System.Web.Configuration; using DatabaseWebApp.Data; ... public partial class BookList : System.Web.UI.Page { private string connectionString = WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["LibraryDBConnectionString"].ConnectionString; void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { FillBookGrid(); } } private void FillBookGrid() { List<Book> bookList = new List<Book>(); Book book = new Book(); bookList = book.GetBooks(connectionString); gridBookList.DataSource = bookList; gridBookList.DataBind(); } }

We shall create the Connec/on String to the Database in the “Web.config page”

Reference to our Class that communicates with the Database

See next slides for implementa/on of the Book Class

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Create Database Code – Create a new Class (“Books.cs”)

Books.cs

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Create the Following Class in “Books.cs” using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Data.SqlTypes; using System.Data; public class Book { public int BookId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Isbn { get; set; } public string PublisherName { get; set; } public string AuthorName { get; set; } public string CategoryName { get; set; } public List<Book> GetBooks(string connectionString) { List<Book> bookList = new List<Book>(); SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(connectionString); string selectSQL = "select BookId, Title, Isbn, PublisherName, AuthorName, CategoryName from GetBookData"; con.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(selectSQL, con); SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); if (dr != null) { while (dr.Read()) { Book book = new Book(); book.BookId = Convert.ToInt32(dr["BookId"]); book.Title = dr["Title"].ToString(); book.Isbn = dr["ISBN"].ToString(); book.PublisherName = dr["PublisherName"].ToString(); book.AuthorName = dr["AuthorName"].ToString(); book.CategoryName = dr["CategoryName"].ToString(); bookList.Add(book); } } return bookList; } }

GetBookData is a View (see next slide)

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SQL Script – Views – “GetBookData” IF EXISTS (SELECT name

FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'GetBookData' AND type = 'V') DROP VIEW GetBookData

GO CREATE VIEW GetBookData AS SELECT BOOK.BookId, BOOK.Title, BOOK.ISBN, PUBLISHER.PublisherName, AUTHOR.AuthorName, CATEGORY.CategoryName FROM BOOK INNER JOIN AUTHOR ON BOOK.AuthorId = AUTHOR.AuthorId INNER JOIN PUBLISHER ON BOOK.PublisherId = PUBLISHER.PublisherId INNER JOIN CATEGORY ON BOOK.CategoryId = CATEGORY.CategoryId GO

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Create Database Connec/on String in “Web.config”

<connectionStrings> <add name="LibraryDBConnectionString"

connectionString="Data Source=macwin8;Initial Catalog=BOOKS;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=xxx" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

</connectionStrings>

Where “xxx” is your SQL Server Database Password

Finally, Run your applica/on:

Congratula/ons! It works!

Your Database

UserName and Password for your SQL Server

38 You are finished with the Exercise

Recommended LiBerature

•  Tutorial: Introduc/on to Database Systems hBp://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=database

•  Tutorial: Structured Query Language (SQL) hBp://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=sql

•  Tutorial: Using SQL Server in C# •  Tutorial: Introduc/on to Visual Studio and C# hBp://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=csharp

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Hans-‐PeSer Halvorsen, M.Sc. Telemark University College Faculty of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering, InformaYon Technology and CyberneYcs

E-‐mail: [email protected] Blog: hSp://home.hit.no/~hansha/

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Database Communica on in Visual Studio/C# using ASP.NET Web ...

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