Data vs. Information Data: raw facts or measurements Information: collection of facts...
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Transcript of Data vs. Information Data: raw facts or measurements Information: collection of facts...
Data vs. Information
Data: raw facts or measurementsInformation: collection of facts
organized/processed in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves.– Adds meaning or context to achieve goal of
user.
What is Information?
Information is the derivative of manipulating, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a form suitable for decision-making or further analysis.
Principle
MIS: The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals
Info CharacteristicsANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
Affect value of informationDifferent attributes more important at
different times or different applicationsTrade-off between attributes
Accurate
Error free– measured correctly– Entered correctly– Interpreted correctly
GIGO– Program should verify data.
Complete
Has all important facts or data fields needed to achieve goals of IS.
Student records system:– Name, SSN, GPA, payments, course grades
Economical
Worthwhile to collect, buy or produce“Value” of information vs. cost
– What if “tip sheet” cost $1000 ?• Better be accurate and reliable!
Flexible
Can be used for a variety of purposessupports different IS users goalseasily transformed to another useTransferable to another application or use:
Inventory levels used by:– Sales staff, purchasing, production
Relevant
Important to decision maker – (not extraneous)
captures important aspects of modelcan be used to problem at handRemove non-relevant items from screens
Timely
Delivered when it is neededMaximizes valueRelevant in time: still contributes to goals
of organization
C O R E D A T A Q U A L I T Y :A c c u ra te /V e rifia b le /C o m p le te /R e lia b le
D E L I V E R YT im e ly/A c c e s s ib le /S e c u re
U S A B I L I T Y :R e le v a n t/S im p le /F le x ib le /E c o n o m ic a l
What is GIS?
A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a compilation of computer hardware, software, data and personnel that
collects, analyzes and presents information that is tied to a geographic location.
What is GIS?
Converts data into visual form
Links geographical data with descriptive data and forms the information into layers
The layers create themes that represent particular features on a map and, when combined, form a complete picture.
Three Types of Data
Spatial– Made up of points
– lines and areas:
– Points- locations:•
buildings,
•customers etc.
– Lines- streets, rivers. elevations
– Areas- polygons representing states, counties, market areas etc.
Tabular– Lists, spreadsheets and
databases– Can be linked to spatial
data– Sales to a region
Image– Satellite images, aerial
photographs and scanned data
– One layer– Cannot be broken down
Data Models
Vector– x,y coordinates
– Interconnected coordinates represent the shape of a feature.
– Highways, rivers etc.
Raster– Matrix of cells with
values
– Satellite imagery
– Color-coded to create a 3 dimensional image (elevations)
GIS Uses
Business PlacementLaw enforcementEmergency ResponseCensus/DemographicsMarketingPollution remediationMedical (disease epidemiology)Facility management (utilities) &Much More!