DATA TRANSFER THROUGH SKIN

By N.Rajeev

06J11A0487

Over view

Introduction

Human Area Networking

Transceiver

Experimental Analysis

Human Safety

Application & Advantages

Features & Limitations

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Mobile & Internet networks are used for transmission over distant

terminals but not a right option for transmission between wearable

devices and other embedded systems.

Drawbacks in blue tooth & WAN in crowded places ,made to use

INTRABODY COMMUNICATION ,in which the body is used as a

transmission medium.

The concept involves transmission of minute electric field through

body.

The technique is called ELECTRIC FIELD PHOTONICS , where a

laser is used to detect the variation of the electric field and converted

back.

HUMAN AREA NETWORKING

• Electro-optic sensor combining Electro-optic crystal with

laser is used.

• Key features of SENSOR:

measure electric field from device without contacting it.

ultra wide band is possible.

one point contact measurement ,independent of earth.

• Ea is electric field induced through body by transmitter

signal electrode, this require a ground close to electrode.

• Eb can have return path to transmitter ground.

• Ec escape from body to ground through feet.

HUMAN AREA NETWORKING•At receiver ,Es=Ea-(Eb+Ec ),it couples to Electric optic crystal & change it’s properties . This change is detected by laser & transformed into data by detector circuit

TRANSCEIVERS

o Transmitter induce weak electric field on body,& receiver sense change in field.

o Relies on principle that optical properties of crystal vary according to change in field & also detect change in properties using LASER & convert result to electric signal.

o TRANSMITTER:

consist of transmitter circuit does induce electric field into body & used to distinguish between transmission and receiving modes.

TRANSCEIVERS

RECEIVER:

Has optic sensor & detector circuit.This amplifies the signal from sensor and convert back to electric signal. Before sending data the circuit is checked for any transmission.

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS Setting two sets or transceiver, each connected to PDA.

As subject holding each electrode in hand .

The result transmission show no problems at 10 mbps.

Good communication is not only achieved by by human skin but also by clothing & shoes.

HUMAN SAFETY

Electrodes are covered by insulating films , preventing body from flow of current.

Electrons in body generate displacement current because it is subjected to minute electric fields.

This current intensity is far below safety limit given by “Radio frequency-exposure protection standard(RCR STD-38)issued by “Association of radio industries and business(ARIB)”.

TRANSCEIVER’S SAFE SIGNAL FLOW

APPLICATIONS

Elimination of human errors ( eg.selection of bottles).

In touch advertising and receive information.

Instant private data exchange.

Conference system.

In wearable systems(portable music player).

Security applications.

Secure than other broadcasting systems.

In busy areas, there may be hundred’s of blue tooth devices running,this makes transmission a bit tougher .

As body as aerials data is passed with ease and security.

The transceiver can be treated a standard network device. So software running through ethernet or TCP/IP protocol based network can run unmodified.

ADVANTAGES

FEATURES AND LIMITATIONS

Various service can be triggered with human network.

Interactive ,Broad-band & Two way communication can be formed unlike RFID,HAN.

Independent path, so data is secure,duplex ,interactive

Both conductor & dielectric is used as medium.

LIMITATIONS:

1.operating range(few mts only).

2.communication speed.

this arise due to absence of ground line in the sensor require both ground and signal lines.

conclusion

They are easy to use but they are still under study.

The technology like Redtacton is under development.

Our human body has the hardware and software to be used over a large network and this interface is under experimental stage.

THANK YOU

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